Filling in a photo of the working day of a chemical analysis laboratory assistant. A photo of a working day is a tool for analysis and optimization. Rules for entering data into the FRD

It happens that an employee at the workplace does not have time to complete the tasks assigned to him. The reasons for this may be different - low qualifications, too much workload, or he simply does not do what he needs at work. Actually, this can be verified by conducting a special study. Photo of the working day: an example of filling, and cases of appointment should be considered in detail.

Working day photography (FDR) is a tool that helps increase the productivity of any company, although at the first stage it helps to find out exactly where the employee / employees spend their working hours.

Working time photography is a method that helps to study the time spent by a particular employee on certain actions during work. All observations and measurements obtained during the process are documented, a sample and an example of filling out a photograph of a working day will be presented below.

If the method is successfully mastered, it will help to obtain unique data regarding the organization of the workflow of any employee, to find out the performance of each. That is, in the future, adjust the load and provide everything for the work tasks to be completed.

An extremely detailed study and notation of the results will help to find the answer to the following questions:

1. How much time does an employee (researched) spend on each type of work that he encounters on a daily basis?
2. How long does it take different workers to complete the same tasks?
3. Are there opportunities to improve labor efficiency and what is needed for this?
4. Is it possible to simplify or exclude any stages, transfer them to other structural divisions?
5. Options for setting labor productivity standards.
6. Reasons for non-compliance with existing work standards.
7. How effectively does a particular employee use his or her work time?
8. Are there technical problems that prevent you from completing your tasks?

Important! The photo of working hours provides information that economists and managers can use in the future to plan and budget the company, adjust.

Some Features

Features of this process include:

• PFD may be implemented after the introduction of new equipment, which relieves some workers of their duties.
• Such work is often performed by an authorized employee of the personnel department.
• It can be photographed both all day long and certain operations, stages, a team or one specialist.
• Before starting a FDD, you should define the goals, official duties researched.
• Sometimes self-photography is allowed, that is, for the photograph of working time to be taken by the employee whose activities need to be tracked. In this case, it is assumed that he himself makes all the entries in the report and fixes the time intervals spent on certain actions. This technique will help the employee to determine in what periods his working time is spent irrationally.

Types of FRD

There is a division into types depending on the number of objects that will be monitored. More specifically:

1. Individual - concerns the study of the working time of a particular employee, while the detailing of the effort expended will be as much as possible.
2. Group - such a photograph of a working day provides for monitoring the activities of a group of employees who are interconnected by certain work processes. The main objective of this study is to check how effective the interaction is, whether their actions are coordinated, how busy each of them is, to check other processes.
3. Complex - reveals the relationship of work processes. It turns out to study the rhythm of work, the rationality of the use of equipment. This method will be useful if you need to develop actions aimed at increasing labor efficiency.

Note! In order to get an extremely accurate picture and truthful data, photographing is carried out for several days, weeks and even months.

Who benefits from FRD data?

A photograph of working hours will provide a lot of useful data for the head and owner of the company. They get a picture of employee performance. Also, this data will not be superfluous for the personnel manager, the personnel department for the formation of job descriptions, staff, etc.

Of course, the data obtained as a result of the FRD will help the employees themselves, if they are interested in improving the efficiency of their work and the performance of their duties.

The order of the FRD

Photographing working hours is a process that requires the utmost scrupulousness and attentiveness from the performer. He needs to literally record everything, including phone conversations on personal topics.

It all starts with preparation, setting a goal. So if the tasks of observation are to determine whether employees comply with the rules, then groups of employees can be photographed at once. If labor discipline is violated, it will be noticeable immediately. For example, very often they go on smoke breaks or drink tea outside the periods allotted for this, instead of doing work.

In those situations when optimization of the working day of one employee is needed, then a photograph of the working day is carried out individually for each. Not only what he does is recorded, but also the processes of interaction with other employees, their effectiveness.

Important! FRD can be carried out both explicitly and covertly, that is, without informing the employee about it. As practice shows, it is the second option that helps to identify where most of the working time is really spent. If the second method is chosen, then at the preparation stage you should come up with a legend regarding the introduction of the observer.

It is worth noting that the final results depend on the instruction and training of those who will conduct the FDD. Also at this stage, it is necessary to agree on the forms in which information will be entered.

Rules for entering data into the FRD

In order for the form to meet the requirements, the following information must be entered into it:

• The name of the company, its structural division.
• Name of observation, number and date of its implementation.
• In the form itself, data is entered regarding the employee who is being monitored - full name, profession, position, work performed.
• Brief description of his duties.

This is followed by a tabular section in which specific time costs and a description of the actions that took this time are entered. For example:

1. Turning on the computer - 5 minutes.
2. Break - 10 minutes.
3. Communication with clients - 45 minutes.

And in such a chronology, all the actions carried out by the employee during the working day are signed. All observations are made in real time. At the end, a summary is summed up, where such important points of time costs are calculated:

• Preparatory and final actions.
• Time for maintenance of the workplace.
• operational time.
• Break times.

Important! The document must be signed by the head of the structural unit where the researcher works.

Output

Working time photography is effective tool checking what employees are doing and why they do not have time to complete the tasks assigned to them. Such observation will help, among other things, to determine applicants for dismissal or find out how many people need to be added to the state.

One of the reserves for increasing the efficiency of any organization is a more productive use of labor resources. In this case, a simple and effective tool for obtaining and analyzing objective data is a photograph of a working day (FRD).

Work day photo is a method that allows you to study the distribution of the time of a particular employee by observing, measuring and documenting all, without exception, the time spent on work tasks during the working day.

Mastering the FRD method makes it possible to obtain unique results in the field of personnel management and its productivity, even in conditions of incomplete coverage of the work performed in the company by rationing. The FRD process is aimed at determining the time spent on each operation, identifying and analyzing the reasons for not completing tasks, and optimizing the labor process as a whole.

Working day photography provides answers to the following questions:

1. How much time does an employee spend on a certain type of work?

2. How much time does it take for different employees to perform the same type of work?

3. Is it possible to increase labor productivity and at what expense?

4. Is it possible to omit (simplify) any of the business processes or delegate them to other departments?

5. How to establish labor productivity standards and identify the reasons for non-compliance with these standards?

Types of FRD

Depending on the number of objects of observation and the target task, the following types working day photos:

. individual- determine the time spent by individual performers, which allows you to study the work with the maximum degree of detail;

. group- monitor the activities of several employees interconnected by the work process, for further rational distribution of responsibilities between group members. The main purpose of group photography is to study the coherence of the work of group members, the degree of their workload, the organization of work, to identify the causes and duration of lost working time, to investigate other issues that do not require accurate measurements of time;

. comprehensive- makes it possible to identify the relationship of individual production processes, study the production rhythm of work, determine the degree rational use equipment, develop specific measures aimed at increasing labor efficiency. In this case, a group of observers studies the work of a team, workshop, department or enterprise as a whole, which makes it possible to cover the entire set of production processes or a significant part of them;

. self-photography- the specialist independently measures the time of his activity.

Important detail: in order to obtain more objective and reliable data, complex photographs of the working day are taken over several days (weeks, months).

PURPOSE OF USING THE FRD

A photo of a working day can be used for different purposes:

1. Defining the structure of working time, identifying the most costly operations and types of work.

2. Studying the experience of the best employees. The working time budget of employees who demonstrate the best results can be taken as the basis for setting tasks, evaluating the effectiveness of an employee, and finding the best ways to organize work.

3. Establishing norms. Analysis of data for several employees provides input for the development of labor standards. Moreover, the FRD method is used by several employees with different labor efficiency in order to increase the validity of the norms.

4. Identification of the reasons for non-compliance with the norms. If the norms already exist, but individual employees do not regularly comply with them, then with the help of a photograph of the working day, you can identify the reasons for this situation.

5. Identification of lost working time. With the help of FRD, it is possible to determine at what stages of the workflow there are losses of working time and what caused them: inefficiency in the organization of work, irrationally built technology, or dishonesty of employees.

6. Improving the process of organizing labor at the enterprise. The FRD allows you to describe the existing business processes in the company and evaluate how optimal they are.

7. Evaluation of the employee's work efficiency. Monitoring the work of an employee and assessing his time spent on various work operations is an opportunity to assess the level of his professionalism and motivation.

TECHNOLOGY OF CARRYING OUT FDD

The technology of taking a photograph of a working day consists of several stages.

Stage 1. Preparing for a photograph of the working day.

On the initial stage set goals for taking photos of the working day. Based on the goals set, the type and methodology of the PFD are determined.

If the main goal of the FRD is monitoring compliance with the internal labor regulations by the staff, then a photograph of the working day can be taken simultaneously with a group of employees (grouping employees by structural unit or by type of work performed). Violations of labor discipline will be noticeable immediately.

If it's necessary identify lost time, optimize the company's business processes, then a photograph of the working day must be taken individually for each employee, carefully recording the operations performed by him, interaction with other employees and structural divisions.

Also, at the first stage, it is necessary to decide whether to inform employees about the FRD or it is worth coming up with a suitable legend for introducing an observer.

IT IS IMPORTANT

The preparatory stage involves the training (instruction and training) of observers. The results obtained largely depend on the preparation.

It will not be superfluous to coordinate the FRD forms in advance in order to correctly reflect in them necessary information. This is especially important if the study will be conducted simultaneously in several structural units by different observers.

Stage 2. Photographing the working day.

Photographing is carried out according to the current time. The measurement results are recorded in the observation sheet (Tables 1-3). In columns 1 and 2, the observer records the start and end time of each new action (inaction). In column 4 he describes the activities, in column 5 he lists the equipment needed to do the job. Each entry shows either what the worker did, or what caused his inaction.

Each element of work or break must be documented separately. Particularly clearly should be distinguished the elements of work on the maintenance of the workplace, as well as breaks in work, taking into account their nature and reasons. In this case, columns 1, 2, 4, 5 of the observation sheet are filled in directly in the process of observations, and columns 3, 6 - during processing of the photographic results.

Economist working day photo

This photo was taken on 03/18/2016 by direct measurement of the time spent on the basis of the Order of the head No. 147 of 03/09/2016 in order to study the cost of working time during the employee's working day.

The results are presented in table. one.

FULL NAME. employee: Petrova A.I.

Work experience in the specialty: 2 years.

Table 1. Photograph of the working day of an economist
				Equipment	Note
			Turning on the computer
			Clarification by phone of the content of the required information. Distribution according to requests by e-mail of planned indicators of the work of the unit	Computer, phone, Internet connection
				Telephone set
			Collection of the necessary initial information for the analysis of the implementation of planned indicators by the production sites of the Voronezh division of Kameliya-Invest LLC	Computer, phone, Internet connection
			Analysis of the implementation of planned indicators for the production of products by the production sites of the Voronezh division of Kameliya-Invest LLC according to the reports of the heads of production sites	A computer
			Clarification of physical and monetary indicators from the executors of reports	Telephone set, Internet connection
			Making changes to the analytical report on the implementation of planned indicators	A computer
			Preparation of analytical notes to the head of the department on the feasibility of introducing new materials in the production of products	A computer
			Exit for personal needs, smoke break
			Analysis of the payroll fund of the Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC for the month	Computer, telephone
			Conversation on personal topics on the phone	Telephone set
			Payroll planning for next month
			Completion of work, shutdown of equipment, order in the workplace	Computer, printer, telephone

I got acquainted with the photo of the working day: economist Petrova A.I.

__________ / Petrova A. I. /

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

__________ / Ryabchenko A. R. /

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

This photo was taken on 03/17/2016 by direct measurement of the time spent on the basis of the Order of the head No. 147 of 03/09/2016 in order to study the cost of working time during the employee's working day.

The results are presented in table. 2.

FULL NAME. employee: Makarova S.V.

Job Title: Accountant.

Work experience in the specialty: 13 years.

Subdivision: Voronezh subdivision of Kameliya-Invest LLC.

Table 2. Photo of an accountant working day
Start time of action (operation)	End time of action (operation)	Duration of operation (action), min.	Work in progress (action)	Equipment	Note
			Turning on the computer, turning on the sorting of electronic databases
			Reception and control of primary documentation for accounting areas and their preparation for accounting processing. Return of documents that are not executed in the appropriate order to the compilers
			Examination Email, familiarization with the content	Computer, Internet connection
			Preparation and sending of the necessary information on the cost of manufactured products in the reporting quarter at the request of the head of the department (selection, photocopying of invoices of third-party organizations, costing by type of product, etc.)	Copier, computer, printer, internet connection
			Exit for personal needs, smoke break
			Performing work on accounting of fixed assets	Computer, printer
			Lunch break
			Performance of work on accounting of production costs	Computer, printer
			Reconciliation with service providers over the phone	Computer, telephone
			Checking email, reviewing content	Computer, Internet connection
			Scanning of payroll documents and sending them by e-mail to the main office of the company	Computer, scanner, internet connection
			Exit for personal needs, smoke break
			Meeting with the head of the department on changes in tax legislation
			Preparation of documents for transfer to the archive
			Turning off the computer and other equipment, order in the workplace	Computer, printer, scanner, copier

I got acquainted with the photo of the working day: accountant Makarova S.V.

__________ / Makarova S. V. /

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

Responsible for taking photographs of the working day: HR manager Ryabchenko A.R.

__________ / Ryabchenko A. R. /

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

Photograph of the working time of the purchasing manager

This photo was taken on 03/19/2016 by direct measurement of the time spent on the basis of the Order of the head No. 147 of 03/09/2016 in order to study the cost of working time during the employee's working day.

The results are presented in table. 3.

FULL NAME. employee: Sergeev P.I.

Job Title: Purchasing Manager.

Work experience in the specialty: 9 years.

Subdivision: Voronezh subdivision of Kameliya-Invest LLC.

Table 3 Photograph of a purchasing manager working day
Start time of action (operation)	End time of action (operation)	Duration of operation (action), min.	Work in progress (action)	Equipment	Note
			Turning on the computer, printer, copier	Computer, printer, copier
			Request from the planning and economic department of the procurement budget, agreed with finance department, for the current quarter	Computer, phone, Internet connection
			Requesting information from the main warehouse about the availability of materials	Computer, phone, Internet connection
			Determining the availability and requirements for materials for the current quarter	Computer, telephone
			Exit for personal needs, smoke break
				Computer, printer, telephone
			Lunch break
			Drawing up a monthly purchase plan	Computer, printer, telephone
			Exit for personal needs, smoke break
			Holding marketing research to study proposals from suppliers, price level, delivery terms according to the procurement plan
			Reception and processing of documents related to the procurement	Computer, printer, Internet connection, telephone
			Exit for personal needs, smoke break
			Final agreement with the supplier on the terms of prices, date of shipment and method of delivery of products to the warehouse	Computer, internet connection, telephone
			Entering reference information into the supplier database	Computer, Internet connection
			Drawing up a report on the work done during the day, turning off the computer and other equipment	A computer

Acquainted with the photo of the working day: Purchasing Manager Sergeev P.I.

__________ / Sergeev P. I. /

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

Responsible for taking photographs of the working day: HR manager Ryabchenko A.R.

__________ / Ryabchenko A. R. /

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

Stage 3. Processing of results.

The calculation of the duration of the elements (filling in column 3) is carried out when processing the results.

At this stage, column 6 is also filled in, each element is classified. For non-production personnel of the company "Kamelia-Invest" used the following classification of working hours:

OV - total working time (duration of the work shift);

PZ - (preparation for the task, maintaining the means of production in working order during the shift);

OP - ;

OLN - ;

NTD - (lateness, unauthorized absences from the workplace, premature departure from work, etc.).

On the basis of the data obtained (Tables 1-3), a balance of labor activity is created. Table 4 presents economist's working time balance.

Table 4. Balance of working time of an economist
	Description			Total observation time, min.
	Organization of the workplace and final work			540 min. (9 h)
	Operational time (time of direct execution of tasks)
	Leisure time and personal needs
	Violations of the rules of labor discipline

Column "Total duration, min." tab. 4 is filled based on the data of table. 1 as follows:

PV = 10 + 15 = 25 (min.);

OD = 45 + 60 + 70 + 40 + 30 + 75 + 65 + 35 = 420 (min);

EA \u003d 10 + 60 + 10 \u003d 80 (min.);

NTD \u003d 5 + 10 \u003d 15 (min.).

Calculation of the coefficient K1, which shows the share of the cost element in the total observation time:

K1 (PZ) \u003d 25 / 540 × 100% \u003d 4.6%;

K1 (OP) \u003d 420 / 540 × 100% \u003d 77.8%;

K1 (OLN) \u003d 80 / 540 × 100% \u003d 14.8%;

K1 (NTD) \u003d 15 / 540 × 100% \u003d 2.8%.

Consider accountant's work balance(Table 5).

Table 5. Balance of working hours of an accountant
Working time classifier	Description	Total duration, min.	Percentage of total observation time (K1), %	Total observation time, min.
	Organization of the workplace and final work
	Operational time (time of direct execution of tasks)
	Leisure time and personal needs
	Violations of the rules of labor discipline

Filling in the column "Total duration, min." based on the data in Table. 2:

PV = 10 + 5 = 15 (min.);

OD = 15 + 20 + 105 + 80 + 75 + 15 + 15 + 45 + 50 + 25 = 445 (min);

EA \u003d 10 + 60 + 10 \u003d 80 (min.).

There are no violations of labor discipline rules.

Calculation of the coefficient K1, reflecting the share of the cost element in the total observation time:

K1 (PZ) \u003d 15 / 540 × 100% \u003d 2.8%;

K1 (OP) \u003d 445 / 540 × 100% \u003d 82.4%;

K1 (OLN) \u003d 80 / 540 × 100% \u003d 14.8%.

Table 6 contains data on the balance of working time purchasing manager.

Table 6. The balance of working hours of the purchasing manager
Working time classifier	Description	Total duration, min.	Percentage of total observation time (K1), %	Total observation time, min.
	Organization of the workplace and final work
	Operational time (time of direct execution of tasks)
	Leisure time and personal needs
	Violations of the rules of labor discipline

Column "Total duration, min." tab. 6 is filled based on the data of table. 3:

PV = 10 + 35 = 45 (min.);

OP \u003d 5 + 15 + 150 + 50 + 30 + 80 + 45 + 15 + 15 \u003d 405 (min.);

EA = 10 + 60 + 10 + 10 = 90 (min.).

There are no violations of the rules of labor discipline.

Calculation of coefficient K1:

K1 (PZ) \u003d 45 / 540 × 100% \u003d 8.3%;

K1(OP) = 405 / 540 × 100% = 75%;

K1 (OLN) \u003d 90 / 540 × 100% \u003d 16.7%.

Stage 4. Analysis of the results and development of solutions (recommendations).

Based on the data obtained as a result of the FRD, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are developed to eliminate the identified shortcomings.

In our case, the analysis of photographs of the working day of an economist, accountant and manager of the Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC showed enough high level observance of labor discipline, since there are either no violations, or the NTD has a low value (2.8% of the total observation time for an economist).

Before starting the observation, it is necessary to decide what exactly is considered a violation of labor discipline. After all, the so-called smoke breaks, tea drinking during working hours, conversations with colleagues on extraneous topics and other time wasters are often simply necessary to maintain a normal environment in the team from a moral point of view.

Important detail: in order to avoid misunderstandings in this regard, it is recommended that the internal labor regulations be set out in writing, agreed with the team and trade union organization. When hiring new employees, it is necessary to familiarize them with these rules.

During the PFD, it was revealed that the purchasing manager spends about 30 minutes. each day to report on the day's work. The management of Kamelia-Invest considered that this was a significant investment of time, and decided simplify the forms of intra-company reporting both purchasing managers and other employees.

NOTE

Reporting forms, their content and frequency should be reviewed periodically in any case, as in today's rapidly changing business environment, any information quickly loses its relevance.

Based on the results of the FRD, it was decided to include in staffing The Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC was hired as a computer typing operator to delegate the following functions to him: photocopying and scanning documents, sending and receiving e-mail, archiving documents, compiling simple reports and text documents. It allowed unload qualified personnel(accountants, economists and managers).

In any case, it is easier to find a person who has the skills to communicate with a computer and other office equipment than a competent economist, responsible accountant and experienced manager. And from the point of view of remuneration, this option is the most optimal.

The efficiency of any department largely depends on its provision with modern high-speed equipment (high-speed computers capable of working with large amounts of data) and communication facilities. Perhaps, according to the results of the FRD, in some cases it will be justified to purchase such equipment, because the efficiency of the company depends on the efficiency and reliability of the data received.

The FRD also provides an opportunity to consider the use of the same equipment (scanning devices, large format printers, color printers) by several employees / departments without compromising the effectiveness of their work. Such equipment is used, as a rule, sporadically, to perform one-time tasks.

The results of the FRD can be used to resolve the issue of promotion, for certification, awards, etc.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION

A photograph of a working day can be taken by the company itself (a more economical option) or entrusted to a company specializing in this (the result of the study will be more reliable).

Staff, organizational system, methods of work, management style of the company are quite easily influenced by the enterprise, manageable and at the same time have a significant impact on the overall performance indicator. That is why the improvement of labor efficiency should be given great attention, and FRD in this matter is one of the most convenient and rational methods for studying the costs and losses of working time.

For a clear planning of the required number of staff units, including determining the productivity of certain employees, a photograph of the time of work is used, which is drawn up in a document of the same name.

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This allows the management of the enterprise to make the right decisions in the process of staffing, job descriptions, as well as drawing up a work plan.

Let us consider in more detail the question that this is a photograph of working time.

Concept and essence

The definition of a photograph of the working time of a worker means a form of observation, in the course of which the time required to perform a particular type of work is measured.

Based on the measurement results, a clear picture of what exactly the employee was doing at his workplace, and how much working time was spent on it, is determined.

The photo map is used not only in production facilities, but also helps to get an assessment of the work of intellectual resources.

In addition, the photo card is one of the ways to significantly reduce costs and allows you to:

• form and analyze the required working time budget for each employee separately;
• form the actual balance of the working day by grouping the time spent into different categories;
• clearly define the structure of working time;
• in time to detect the reasons for the loss of working time and non-fulfillment of the work plan;
• execute comparative analysis the work of employees who perform similar tasks, and determine how to increase the efficiency of their work;
• assess the conditions of the workplace and its impact on the performance of tasks;
• to analyze the working time of the leaders of production.

Differences from timing

Timing allows you to analyze up to 1 week or a month, while the period is determined by the employee himself.

As for the photo of the working day, this procedure is a more formal event. The initiator can only be the management of the company.

When photographing a working day, all the information received is recorded in a document of the established form and is clearly regulated by the relevant documents, confirmed by the signatures of the management team.

In the process of timing, the employee independently decides how it should be conducted and where to record the necessary information for analysis.

Purposes of use

This method pursues certain goals, the main of which are considered to be:

• detection of loss of time throughout the working day;
• detection of problems associated with the loss of time and the creation of a series of activities aimed at improving work efficiency;
• development of time standards for the entire work process;
• to learn from more successful companies in the organization of work and to train their employees to improve work efficiency.

Who needs such information?

First of all, a photo of the working day is needed:

• managers and owners of companies to understand the picture of the workload of their staff and the effectiveness of their work;
• HR managers, HR department to create job descriptions, form the necessary staff, carry out research work;
• directly to the employees themselves, who are interested in the effectiveness of the performance of their duties.

Kinds

There are several types of working day photography, namely:

• individual;
• group (mass);
• brigade.

Let's consider each type in more detail.

Individual

This type of certification is carried out directly for one employee in order to determine his effectiveness in using the labor process.

The commission monitors the employee throughout the working day and enters relevant information into the observation sheet.

Group (mass)

This type of photograph of a working day is performed with the aim of simultaneously observing a certain group of employees.

The very order of observation is completely identical with the creation of an individual card of an employee. Based on the results of the analysis, you can get a picture of the effectiveness of the labor costs of each employee in the link separately.

In the event that a photograph is necessary for a group of people consisting of more than 3 employees, the analysis is carried out by the method of instantaneous observations with the obligatory fixation of the state of employees and equipment after a certain period of time.

The key features of an employee group photo are:

• the observer preselects certain types of costs, since he is not able to record the working day continuously for each workplace;
• the time allotted for observation is divided into intervals, the accuracy of which directly depends on the volume of these intervals;
• when entering costs on the observation sheet, they are reduced in an easy-to-remember form (in the form of numbers or letters).

brigade

The team calculation of the photo of working time is completely identical for the group variety and is no different.

How is working time photography taken?

Before the start of the certification of the workplace, the commission prepares observation sheets, after which:

• It measures the required time to perform a certain job (this time also takes into account the period spent on the way to the service equipment).
• After the end of the day and the entries made, the assessment of the workplace takes place.
• Based on the results of the assessment, measures are taken to improve the efficiency of working time.

Who is conducting?

Let us consider in more detail the question of who and how makes certification.

A photograph of a working day is entitled to be carried out by an attestation commission, which may include:

• engineers;
• personnel managers;
• personnel department staff;
• Chief Engineer;
• accounting staff;
• labor protection specialists.

If a photograph of a working day is taken for an office employee, the attestation commission can be formed from one person - the personnel manager.

The principle of operation of any commission is completely the same.

General rules and principles

If the enterprise has several jobs, the maintenance of which is directly related to the same equipment, the certification committee has the full right to create only one card in a selective version.

For example, Ivanov and Sidorov work as locksmiths in different shops, but they do the same job. Thus, the commission has the right to observe Ivanov before lunch, and after the break, Sidorov, and thus form one photograph of the working day for both of them.

To form a more accurate photograph, it is necessary to certify the workplace several times, after which average indicators should be entered in the card form.

It must be understood that payments for compensation to an employee due to harmful working conditions depend on this.

Stages and methodology

The procedure for creating a map consists of the following steps:

• preparatory;
• observation;
• processing results.

Preparation stage

The preparation process consists in familiarization with the technical process, the workplace, the preparation of observation sheets, in which the main parameters will be entered to determine the evaluation analysis.

Observation stage

At this stage, the actual measurement of the duration of all work performed is carried out, taking into account breaks.

In parallel with this, data on the time and work on which it was spent are entered into the observation sheet tables. These actions are repeated throughout the working day.

Results processing

The order in which the results are processed is as follows:

• The total amount of hours worked that was spent on production is calculated. In parallel with this, the time spent on certain tasks, including breaks between them, is calculated separately.
• The results of the study are being evaluated. In the process of processing, the time spent by the employee in harmful working conditions should be determined, taking into account the average indicator on this issue.
• The compliance of the employee with the performance of the assigned tasks in the technical process is determined, the time that was spent on the performance of any specific operation is noted, in which harmful conditions labor.

How to apply?

For all employees in any field, there is a certain type of blank card. They indicate the name of the enterprise and its structural unit.

After that, the map indicates:

• once again the name of the enterprise;
• employee's initials;
• level of education and profession on it;
• position held by the employee;
• the name of the work to be performed, each separately.

After that, it is formed a brief description of work performed by the employee.

As for the tabular part of the document, it indicates information for each stage of work with its mandatory name and the corresponding code (if any).

The following columns in the document are required to indicate the date of commencement and completion of certification, including the total time of its conduct.

The “Note” column indicates various additional information that was obtained during the attestation process.

Under the table, a summary of the photo of working time is formed, where it is necessary to indicate:

• preparatory-final time;
• time spent on maintenance of working hours;
• the time spent on the operational solution of the tasks;
• break time between work.

After entering the information, the document is submitted for the signature of the head of the structural unit where the observation was carried out, and then signed by the higher management.

Be sure to indicate their position.

Photo card (sample)

The document template can be downloaded here:

Observation sheet

The observation sheet for the formation of a photograph of working time has the following form:

Example

Results and their interpretation

Many managers notice that over time, the productivity of their staff falls. If employees or individual departments do not have time to cope with the tasks assigned to them, this cannot but affect the final result of the company's activities. The reason can be both high workload of employees and insufficient qualifications of the employee. To find objective reason applies : business day photograph.

A photograph of a working day is a type of observation of the activities of an individual employee: an accountant, a cook, a manager, a secretary, a storekeeper, or a group of workers: engineers, economists, electric welders in order to determine how much they spend working time.

Such an observation is intended to be transferred to paper and see firsthand the real time spent on the work process. When compiling a map, even telephone conversations that take several minutes are entered into it. As a result, the manager sees what his staff is really doing throughout the working day, week.

Important! Observation times may vary. They are determined based on the complexity of the situation and the tasks assigned to the observer.

The main goals of compiling a report based on the results of a photo of a working day:

• determine the structure of working time. It helps to identify the most time-consuming operation, type of work and determine the priorities of the employee, that is, if he spends more time on one task, then it is more important for him;
• study the experience of specialists who give the best results. It will be useful for young cadres. The experience and characteristics of setting, performing the tasks of the best employees helps to optimally organize the work of the rest;
• set standards. After analyzing the working time of several employees, it will be easier to decide on the development of a standard for the rest. This is especially important for professions such as: a master of various machine tools, canteen workers and others. This technique helps to determine why previously established norms were not met;
• identify losses in the workflow. The results will show what the employee did during the day, and what percentage of the time he spent on his job duties;
• employee performance evaluation helps to assess the level of professionalism of employees and their motivation to work.

Important! There are no restrictions on the applicability of this method, it will help to consider very carefully both the working day of the cleaning lady, and the chief accountant, and even the head.

Timekeeping or photo of the working day?

Often these methods are compared, but they differ from each other. So, timing has a duration of a week to one month, the period is determined by the employee himself. That is, he knows about the observation and can do everything, as they say, correctly.

Regarding the method in question, namely the photo of the working day, it is considered more formal and effective. It is initiated exclusively by the leader. In addition, the observer is often introduced into the work team as an agent, that is, none of the employees knows what he will actually do.

When taking a photograph of a working day, all data is entered into a special form, followed by their processing and analysis. Based on these data, the manager receives a report according to the established model. The method is quite old, but still does not lose its relevance, especially with the emergence of new professions.

The need to apply the technique is useful for everyone:

• the head/owner of the company receives information regarding the workload of staff and the rational use of resources in the workplace. With help this method you can even calculate wages for this or that work;
• personnel manager. Observation helps representatives of the personnel department to draw up optimal job descriptions, as well as form the need for employees, which is especially important for brigade specialties;
• for employees interested in improving work efficiency.

Kinds

There are several types of FRD, the division takes place taking into account the number of objects of observation.

Individual

An individual photograph of the working day is used in the certification of employees. In this case, the working day of only one employee is considered, in production or in the office, taking into account the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of working time. Observation is carried out for one working day, less than a week.

group

This type is often called mass. Under the guns of observers is a group of employees or a whole structural subdivision, sometimes change. The procedure for conducting and fixing is the same as in the previous method, as a result of which it is possible to obtain a picture of the working time spent by each employee in the link.

If the fixation is carried out for a group of more than 3 employees, then the instant fixation method is applied. This technique has its own characteristics, namely:

• the observer determines the specific type of work that he will fix for each of the group members. However, it is impossible to keep track of everyone at once and enter the correct data;
• observation periods are divided into intervals with precise time intervals;
• when fixing the entry of results in the form, they write using abbreviations.

brigade

This method of research is subjected to a large group of workers. Often this technique is used by employees divided into teams.

Disadvantages of the FRD Method

Although the photograph of a working day provides comprehensive data on the time spent in the process of work, however, certain shortcomings still exist. Firstly, it is the need for observation over several days. Fixed results of one day, to put it mildly, are incorrect.

Secondly, the involvement of an individual in the observation is also a shortcoming of the method. Of course, you can hire a specialist in this area, but it is far from cheap. If you use the available resources and assign your own employee as an observer, then he will also have to be torn off from his main job. And in the case of self-photography, the results may not be the most plausible. It is unlikely that an employee will issue a report in which he voluntarily indicates how many times he smoked per day or how many hours he spent on the Internet, visiting social networks. networks.

Algorithm for taking a photo of the working day

However, with the correct organization of the process, the method under consideration gives a positive result.

Determination of goals

Conducting any research, including this one, requires a specific goal setting. Otherwise, it is useless. The goals can be different, so the first step is to make a list of them, indicating which results should be displayed in the report. It could be:

• compiling a list of actually performed tasks by a specific employee or group;
• search for opportunities to optimize labor;
• determination of efficiency loss;
• development of norms for the cost of working hours;
• identification of low-skilled employees who do not cope with the tasks assigned to them.

Determination of the target group of the studied, time frame

It is optimal if the duration of the study is such that it covers the entire work cycle, however, in practice this is not always possible. When the goal is to determine the cost structure of working time, the photographic procedure should be carried out for at least 1-2 weeks, short breaks are possible.

To determine the production rates for certain types of work, it is required to record each type of work at least 10-15 times, in which case the duration of the study will increase to 3-4 weeks.

When determining the study group, there may be such options:

• for a team of less than ten people, the FDD is carried out for each employee separately. At the same time, the following can be left without supervision: workers on probationary period, if there are any in production;
• if the number of employees is more than ten people, then only the most experienced workers can be examined. Of course, in this case, everything depends on the goals set by the management.

Preparing and filling out the form

Another important stage, on which the convenience of recording data, and subsequently their analysis, depends, is the preparation and correct entry of information into the form. You can download the completed observation form below:

You can also make such a form manually in Word or excel.

Depending on the chosen option for photographing, the form is filled in by a specially appointed employee or the subject himself. This can be carried out on a printed sheet or entered data in digital form, and printed later.

Important! When photographing, the time of the beginning of the action and its completion is fixed. There should be no "white spots", that is, if at 8:45 one action is completed, then at 8:45 should be started next operation. Even if the employee just sits at his desk, doing nothing, this is also indicated.

The person taking the photographs must be instructed on how to fill in the forms correctly. In some cases, training is required. For this, it is issued.

If your goal is to get the most reliable information, it is advisable to introduce the employee who will take photographs into the team under some kind of legend. In this case, the subjects behave as usual, which is especially important for identifying the reasons for the decrease in labor efficiency.

Working with results

After all stages of photography are completed, the analysis of the results obtained is carried out. If a group was studied, then data for each employee can be presented individually. The analysis is presented in the form of a table displaying the cost of working time by positions, types of work, departments and other necessary criteria.

The procedure for issuing a report

All results of the analysis are recorded in a special form, which must be drawn up in accordance with the rules. It states:

• name of the enterprise and structural subdivision;
• FULL NAME. employee(s);
• level of education and qualifications;
• position held;
• the name of the work to be performed;
• brief description of the work;
• the table records information on stages and time costs;
• additional data obtained as a result of photographing is entered in the "note" column;
• below the table, the coefficients are summarized: in general, the costs of the work process, as well as the time used for the operational solution of problems and the time for a break in work of any type (smoke break, lunch, reading literature not related to work).

The report must be submitted for the signature of the immediate supervisor, and then for consideration by the top management.

Output

Working time photography is an effective method of tracking actual time spent on work, as well as an ideal tool for streamlining the entire workflow. This close scrutiny can help you identify performance degradation issues and help you optimize your workflow.

To pinpoint points job description, workload analysis, as well as the performance of any employee, a photograph of the working day can be used. An example of filling can be found below in this article.

It is known that all labor resources must operate with maximum efficiency. For each of its mechanism should work like clockwork. And if ordinary line personnel need to comply with the established time standards, then how to monitor the work of the engineering and technical link?

Way to track employee workload

This problem can be solved using

This tool will allow you to understand whether the worker has free time, or whether he is completely devoted to the labor process. But even if he does not have a minute of rest, using the example below of filling out a photo of a working day, you can easily determine what his efficiency is.

How to make it and who should do it?

You can either use your own standardizers, which are available at all large enterprises, or use the services of private companies for standardization and standardization. However, it is always cheaper to do any work on your own, especially since it is not difficult to figure out this issue using the example of filling out a photo of a working day below.

For those who want to normalize an accountant, engineer or any other employee, before taking a photo, you should familiarize yourself with the job description, the working day, as well as the main areas of work.

This must be done so that the person to be investigated cannot mislead the rater. After all, there is simply no sense in measurements in which the worker deliberately slows down or stops the workflow.

When compiling, you can focus on the approved national norms

Before using the example of filling out a photograph of a working day, given below, it is worth getting acquainted with the developed and approved standards for the performance of certain works. Although today there are some rules that have been in force since the time Soviet Union. Of course, you don’t need to focus on the total time, but the sequence of actions, the scope of work and the use of auxiliary materials will be very useful when forming new measurements.

Consider specific example filling in the photo of the working day:

			Position
		Ivanova Anzhelika Evgenievna	accountant
Working day		Start of the day	end of the day
Monday
Work day photo
	Process name			Duration, min	Process index
	Open an office, turn on the computer, prepare a workplace
	Open the 1C program, upload and print transaction documents
	Prepare documents for payroll
	Agree on amounts wages with chief accountant
	Produce in the program 1C
	Lunch break
	Work with the client-bank (entering information on wages)
	Collecting information on services for compiling an advance report
	Drawing up an advance report
	Arrange reports and documents into folders, put folders in their places, turn off the computer, clean the workplace
	Completion of the working day
Total measured, of which:
				20 days accountant. An example of filling shows how you can skillfully compose timekeeping for an employee of the administrative and managerial level. But to understand time efficiency, you need to understand what is listed in the process index column. What is time spent on? PPP is a preparatory and final process. This group includes operations related to the preparation of the workplace for labor day or towards the end of employment. OP - operational process. This includes directly all the work that is in the job description and the employee must perform them. IN - time for rest or personal needs. These are breaks in the production process, which are regulated by the working day. DP - additional processes. This group contains works that are not included in the EP, but without them it is impossible to start work. For example, for those who work at the machine, this is setting up equipment, preparing work surfaces, etc. NTV is a non-operational waste of time. This group includes all the time that was not spent on the work process (phone calls with relatives, going to the store, solving personal issues, etc.). What does the above picture of a working day say? The filling example indicated above can be used to analyze the workload and labor efficiency of an employee. It can be seen that there is no non-operational waste of time, the minimum time is spent on rest or personal needs. The rest of the time the employee spends on their immediate duties. To understand where the working time goes, you need a photo of the working day. An example of filling out for an engineer will not differ from the above, since the given form is also suitable for engineering and technical personnel. Just the types and names of works may differ.