GUM: description, history, excursions, exact address. Gum on Red Square Where is the gum

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GUM is a living monument of history that has managed to preserve its original appearance and spirit of the times, its bright personality and world landmark. The same symbol of the capital as the Kremlin or the Bolshoi Theatre, GUM stands on Red Square, in the very heart of Moscow. The project of the architect Pomerantsev, which won the competition in 1889, combined ancient Russian traditions and modern technologies. The majestic building in neo-Russian style has three floors and three lines of shops. Centuries and eras change, but it always remains in the center - the Main Department Store of a large country.

Sight

Sight

Exactly under the glass arches of the main dome of GUM, there is an amazing fountain - a legendary monument of the era, which can be found not only in official chronicles, but also in the home photo archives of millions of people. The fountain was laid in 1906. At its base is a complex structure, by analogy with which domes were calculated during the construction of churches. Initially, the bowl of the fountain was round, but in 1953 its shape was changed, laying out a new octagonal base made of red quartzite. At the fountain, you can take a break from the queues and enjoy the famous Gum ice cream.

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Red Square, 3, Moscow

Bakery/confectionery

The same thing in a waffle cup. You can buy it in a stall, or you can wait until a bike kiosk slips by. In Soviet times, ice cream was sold on the run. The ice cream maker brought a tray with ice cream on her shoulder, set it on a tripod and sold it out instantly. It is believed that GOST for ice cream was one of the most stringent in the world and required only natural products.

Ice cream in a glass - 100 rubles

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Red Square, 3, Moscow

Amusement park

Children's GUM is a general store, so there is a small furniture store next to the department for newborns. Here you can buy cribs, chests of drawers, lockers, armchairs, tables and even swings. Improvised children's rooms were placed on the decorative mezzanine. Children's GUM has a special room "Magic Apartment", where every child will find an exciting activity for themselves while adults are shopping. Here the kids will dance, draw, write and count together with professional teachers. "Magic Apartment" is also a great opportunity to celebrate a child's birthday.

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Red Square, 3, Moscow

Sight

When Pomerantsev planned GUM (or Upper Trading Rows, as the store was called before), he understood that people would come here not just for shopping, but also for recreation and entertainment. Therefore, already at the stage of drawings in the future GUM building, a huge room of its own toilet room was laid. A spacious foyer with leather armchairs, a private wardrobe, foreign-made faience, bronze and famous Murano glass lamps, necessary little things on dressing tables - this was the toilet of today's GUM more than 100 years ago. The room was closed in Soviet times as a bourgeois luxury and rebuilt in a socialist manner. The drawings preserved in the archives helped to reconstruct it in its original form. Now here you can put yourself in order, take a shower, change the baby, brush your teeth, shave and buy all the necessary little things.

Toilet visit: 100 rubles

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Red Square, 3, Moscow

The legendary Gum grocery store is open around the clock. There is a "bag room" where you can leave your outerwear or purchases. The bakery department is easy to find by the smell of freshly baked bread, the sausage department is replete with an assortment - on one counter there are only foreign manufacturers, next to it are sausages of domestic brands: Tambov ham, doctor's sausage, sausages, sausages, real bacon with garlic. In the fish department you can buy live king crab, chilled shrimp, fresh oysters and much more. In addition, Gastronome No. 1 has departments of gastronomy, fruit and vegetable, dairy products, a wine cellar and, of course, a confectionery department.

Red Square, 3, Moscow

Cafe, Coffee house, Bar

Cafe

Do not be surprised if you see Hollywood stars, famous designers or athletes at the next table. It’s just that the food here is really delicious, and the windows offer a stunning view of Red Square. The stylish and thoughtful interior is made in the spirit of the 70s. It is worth paying attention to the VIP-hall of the restaurant, where it is possible to hold press conferences and business lunches. The obligatory menu program includes the legendary Bosco Fresh. The recipe for the drink was invented over 10 years ago and is still kept secret. It is only known that it is made on the basis of fresh berries: raspberries, strawberries, blackberries.

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The only boutique of a famous jewelry brand in Moscow. It is here that you can choose one of the famous handmade diamond engagement rings. Another legend of the brand - Tiffany Yellow Diamonds in the precious masterpieces of Jean Flumberger, Elsa Peretti jewelry and the bright, extravagant creations of Paloma Picasso - all of them are famous Tiffany designers, whose work is highly valued in the world of jewelry art.

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Red Square, 3, Moscow

Cinema

Cinema in GUM appeared recently. But when you get to the new cinema hall, it seems as if it has always been here. This is a small masterpiece, where they show a big movie. Chamber theater, consisting of three halls on the 3rd floor of GUM. The architecture of the building has been carefully preserved. In the halls, for example, there are windows left, for the duration of the session they are tightly closed by velvet curtains. Instead of the usual popcorn, the Cinema Hall offers a real "theatrical" buffet with sandwiches, cakes and champagne, and three designer spaces with excellent "picture" and acoustics. So that the eyes of the audience do not get tired by the end of the session, the screen is located at a specially calculated distance from the first row. The GUM-Kinozale provides only the highest quality films: from fashionable Hollywood premieres to the best auteur films. It regularly hosts retrospective screenings of legendary films and live performances from the stage of the Metropolitan Opera in New York.

GUM (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address, phone number, website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.

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GUM is one of the most famous department stores not only in Russia, but also in the entire post-Soviet space. This is not only a fashionable shopping and entertainment complex, it is a real art object, moreover, we are talking about both the internal content of GUM and its external appearance. Made in pseudo-Russian style, the building has become the same symbol of Russia as St. Basil's Cathedral or the Kremlin.

Made in the pseudo-Russian style, the GUM building has become one of the symbols of Russia and Moscow.

In the 30s, GUM was going to be demolished and the building of the People's Commissariat for Heavy Industry built in its place, however, nothing happened.

Despite the fact that the malls often burned before the GUM building was built, the fire of 1812 bypassed the market, which still surprises historians.

GUM today

Modern GUM is not only a building of stunning architectural beauty, but also dozens of luxury and premium boutiques. Here are the flagship stores of brands such as Manolo Blanik, Bosco Fresh, Furla and others.

In addition to shops, there is a cinema, only 3 halls, the largest of which is designed for only 70 seats, which creates a feeling of intimacy. Every year, a skating rink is opened in GUM, on the ice of which star skaters have stepped out more than once, and the legendary fountain, the same age as this building, has been restored.

GUM is sensitive to its history, so here great attention given to the Soviet style. For example, there is the Gastronome No. 1 store, decorated in the style of Moscow in the 50s, as well as Canteen No. 57, where you can have a nostalgic snack on sausage with green peas.

The historical toilet room on the first floor enjoys special attention of the guests. It recreates the interior of the pre-revolutionary era, and you can visit it for 150 RUB. For 500 RUB you can take a shower (the price includes a bathrobe, towel and slippers).

N once the largest passage in Europe - the Upper shopping arcade, or the modern GUM. The building in the neo-Russian style was built on a historically trading place at the end of the 19th century in a record short time- in three years. The architects were given only three months to develop the project. The main condition is the preservation of the architectural harmony of the main Moscow square, because the shopping arcade turned out to be face to face with the ancient building of the Kremlin. We suggest recalling 10 facts about the architectural monument with Natalia Letnikova.

Upper shopping malls. In the center of the capital between Ilyinka and Nikolskaya they traded three hundred and four hundred years ago. The first stone trading rows were built under Boris Godunov. Neatly along Vetoshny Lane. Under Catherine II, the architect Giacomo Quarenghi developed the design of the Upper Trading Rows in the style of classicism. Osip Bove completed the work after the fire of 1812. Barely half a century has passed shopping mall required renovation. The shopkeepers could not reach an agreement with the city authorities. As a result, the building was declared emergency and a competition was announced for the construction of a new one.

All-Russian competition. Rationality, economy, architectural harmony with the historical landscape. Architects' projects submitted to the competition had to meet at least three requirements. 23 architects from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Odessa and even Berlin presented their vision of a new building on Moscow's main square. The projects were placed in three halls of the Historical Museum. By the way, the new building should have been in harmony with the bright red stone tower - the Historical Museum, made in the neo-Russian style.

"Moscow merchants". Academy of Arts, Construction Department of the Provincial Government, Technical Committee, Architectural and Artistic Society. The project was chosen by common efforts - by a special commission. The first prize of six thousand rubles was awarded to the work under the motto "Moscow merchants" - St. Petersburg architect Alexander Pomerantsev. The second prize went to the work of Roman Klein - the future author of the Museum of Fine Arts, the third - to the Austrian August Weber - one of the authors of the building of the Polytechnic Museum. Pomerantsev's project was personally approved by Alexander III.

From temples to shopping arcade. By the time of the competition, architect Alexander Pomerantsev had only managed to complete the project of the Temple-Monument to Alexander Nevsky in Sofia by order of the Bulgarian prince, build a wooden church in Fedoskino and a hotel in Rostov-on-Don. Subsequently, Pomerantsev took the post of chief architect of the 1986 All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod. Together with Viktor Vasnetsov, he built the second largest after the Cathedral of Christ the Savior - the Moscow Cathedral in the name of Alexander Nevsky, destroyed in 1952.

"City in the City" by Alexander Pomerantsev. Sixteen separate buildings with glazed streets between them, arcade galleries. A large central tower with a main entrance, gates and turrets. The new building on Red Square came out solemn and harmoniously blended into the historical landscape. The upper trading rows have become the largest passage in Europe - along the length of the galleries and the area of ​​the "glass sky". Icons with especially revered saints were placed above the entrances to GUM: images of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Savior Not Made by Hands, Elijah the Prophet, Sergius of Radonezh.

The glass sky of the "man-factory". The inventor and innovator Vladimir Shukhov, included in the hundred outstanding engineers of all time, applied an innovative approach when building the roof of the Upper Trading Rows: arched structures with cable tightening, which made it possible to reduce the weight of the roof. Shukhov hid the eight-petalled dome behind the facade of the building. The abundance of glass gives the building a feeling of lightness, although it took 800 tons of metal to build the floors. The openwork steel frame made of metal rods has become a real work of art.

Progress in the old Russian style. The most high-tech Moscow building of its time. Artesian well, heating and ventilation systems, sewerage, even your own snow burner and mini Railway for the transport of goods. Gas lighting in the city and its own power plant in the mall. From shops to salons. The shopping arcade became not only a place for buying and selling, but also a prototype of a business center. Representative offices of trading companies are located on the third floor, and shops in the basement wholesale trade.

Trade in the Parisian spirit. The fixed price for goods in Russia was first introduced in the Upper Trading Rows. The experience of the owner of the store "Le Bon Marche" Aristide Boucicault, who set price tags and invented sales in the middle of the 19th century in France, has also taken root in Russian trade. In the Moscow Trade Rows, sales - "cheap" ones were very popular with the townspeople. The rows have become a kind of exhibition of the achievements of the capitalist economy: Kalashnikov watches, Abrikosov confectionery, Brocard perfumery. In a word, pre-revolutionary boutiques of Russia. Mayakovsky. "To GUM, Komsomol members, to GUM, workers' faculty!"- called the poet. But, having already become the Main Department Store, the Upper Trading Rows were on the verge of demolition more than once. In the mid-30s of the twentieth century, they wanted to build a huge People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry on Red Square - on the site of GUM. But this plan remained on paper, as did the intention in 1947 to erect a monument on this site in memory of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. Since 1953, GUM has again become a shopping arcade and one of the symbols of the city.

In 2013, GUM is celebrating a double anniversary - 120 years since the opening of the Upper Trade Rows building by architect Alexander Pomerantsev and 60 years since the new opening of the Main Department Store in 1953.

GUM today lives as it was once conceived - perfect trading city as if all 120 years of his life passed without losses and disasters. GUM took everything bright and happy that was in the 20th century into the future. Every day at 10 o'clock in the morning its doors open, shop windows light up, the fountain turns on. This place has already become so legendary, almost fabulous, that it may seem that GUM lives like magic. In fact, behind all this beauty, warmth and comfort are people whom no one knows by sight. These are engineers, mechanics, repairmen, supply managers, storekeepers, accountants and many, many others who keep the Main Department Store. It was they who became the heroes of the photo project “City. GUM.

"... Contemporaries do not get tired of admiring them. For a long time they remain an attraction for visitors. (Walter Benjamin; Paris, the capital of the 19th century)

What Walter Benyamin said about the Parisian passages can be fully attributed to the most famous Russian passage - the State Department Store. I did not accidentally use capital letters in his name. It is in this capacity that he has existed in the minds of the Russian population for more than 120 years. The name of the project was born by itself. Indeed, the "City of GUM" was and is a territory whose social attractiveness borders on faith in fabulous, reserved lands.

The core of the portrait concept of the project was the employees who worked in GUM for more than a quarter of a century of their lives, became the "citizens" of this City. Communication with the heroes of the project and walks in places hidden from the eyes of an ordinary visitor, for a moment allowed me to get into their territory.

This is how GUM is seen only by people working here - without visitors, in the early morning and late evening. The passages freeze, closing in on themselves, and only the initiates become silent witnesses of this image, remain alone with it. The features of the architectural appearance - shopping arcades, passages, dead ends, corridors, basements, are similar to the structure of a big city and the interweaving of arteries and veins of a powerful organism, a legendary social and architectural space.

O. L. Sviblova - Director of the Multimedia Art Museum, Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts

One hundred and twenty years ago, the Upper Trading Rows opened on Red Square. The magnificent glass "dome", which at the end of the 19th century was a miracle of technology and architecture and which still amazes the imagination of Muscovites and guests of the capital, was made by the great engineer Vladimir Shukhov. "Noblesse oblige" is what the French say. Probably, the beautiful Shukhov floors, photographs of which begin and permeate Anastasia Khoroshilova's book "The City of GUM", in some special way affect people who have been working in these grandiose spaces for many years.

The architecture and structure of the Upper Trading Rows at the end of the 19th century became a symbol of the changes that took place in Russia during the period of rapid Europeanization, cultural and economic prosperity.

Today's GUM is a symbol new Russia, the flagship of the new economic, social and cultural strategy emerging in the last decade. A beautifully and scientifically restored architectural monument, in which entrepreneurial and cultural energy seethes, demonstrates that a new reality can be built not only through revolution, but by establishing the connection of times and evolutionary processes.

It works well when the focus is on the person.

In most of the surviving photographs, engineer Shukhov is surrounded by his associates - engineers and builders. Anastasia Khoroshilova's book is about the people thanks to whom the GUM city lives and works. People who have worked in this "city" for many decades. The heroes of this book are representatives of various professions: storekeepers, repairmen, cashiers, accountants, shoemakers and doctors, dispatchers and security guards, merchandisers and salesmen... Sometimes they are working dynasties. They, regardless of age and gender, are united by an amazing sense of dignity, which is read in the expression of their faces and postures. This sense of dignity comes to a person as pride in his profession and common cause. Anastasia Khoroshilova managed to create a solid, restrained and very worthy project. This book is a wonderful gift not only for those who live and work in the city of GUM, but also for each of us who wants to live in a worthy country and believe in its future well-being.

Anastasia Khoroshilova is an artist and photographer. Born in 1978 in Moscow. Studied photography at the Folkwang University of the Arts (Essen, Germany). Her works were shown at numerous solo and group exhibitions, in the programs of the Moscow International Biennale contemporary art(2013) and Biennale di Venezia (2011), 1st Beijing Photo Biennale (2013). He teaches at the A. Rodchenko Moscow School of Photography and Multimedia.

History of GUM

The Upper Trading Rows were opened on December 2, 1893. It was an exceptional project for Moscow and for Russia - at that time it was the largest passage in Europe.

Passages - covered shopping streets- decided to build early XIX centuries in Paris after the Napoleonic Wars, inspired by the covered bazaars of the Arab East (the oldest of them, Passage du Caire, built in 1799). But these were just covered shopping streets; they began to gather in department stores only in the second half of the century. The closest analogue of GUM is the Victor Emmanuel Gallery in Milan (1877), but our Moscow passage is one and a half times larger, and in the Milan passage they do not sell on the upper floors - there are no famous Gum bridges.

The Upper Trading Rows were deliberately made as a symbol of New Moscow. They were built on the traditional place of the Moscow market, there were endless shops, “half shops”, “quarter shops”, and although the rows faced the Red Square with the proud classicist facade of Osip Bove, inside it vividly resembled the Grand Bazaar of Istanbul or Damascus.

After the reforms of Alexander II, Moscow was the place of the proud Russian merchants, who bizarrely combined at that moment devout conservatism in the spirit of “autocracy, Orthodoxy, nationality” with openness to technical progress and new ideas of capitalism. New Rows was supposed to become the most fashionable and technically advanced European department store, but in the "Russian style".

In February 1889, a competition was held for the design of the Rows, which was won by Alexander Pomerantsev, Roman Klein, who took second place, then built the Middle Trading Rows. Now it seems fantastic, but 4 years later - after the demolition of the old rows, after archaeological excavations, the finds from which were transferred to the Historical Museum - the Rows were opened. Fully finished, with the glass skies of Vladimir Shukhov, with its own power plant, artesian well, with wholesale trade in the basement, with telegraph offices, banks, restaurants, hairdressers, exhibition halls, ateliers - the only thing that does not have its own doors.

According to the original design of Alexander Pomerantsev, the Upper Trading Rows consisted of 16 large separate buildings with glazed streets between them. It was a whole city, an ideal city of Russian commercial capitalism: silk and brocade fabrics of the Sapozhnikov brothers (6 Grand Prix at the World Exhibitions), Mikhail Kalashnikov watches (Leo Tolstoy and Pyotr Tchaikovsky bought Patek Philippe from him), the Abrikosov confectionery (suppliers of the imperial court with the right to print the state coat of arms on their boxes), Brocard perfumery (also a supplier of the imperial court. Also an official supplier of the Spanish royal court), and so on. However, goods were much cheaper on the upper floors of the lines, and a huge two-story basement was used for wholesale trade (it was lit through glass lanterns in the floor).

In 1917, trade was closed, goods were requisitioned, the People's Commissariat for Food of Alexander Dmitrievich Tsyurupa settled down here, who carried out the policy of "food dictatorship" from here. In Ryady there was a warehouse requisitioned by food detachments and a canteen for Soviet employees.

In 1922, Vladimir Lenin decided that the policy of "war communism" would not allow the communists to stay in power, and announced the NEP - the "New Economic Policy". But first he decided to try it in the Upper Trade Rows and on December 1, 1921 he signed the "Regulations on the State Department Store (GUM)". We do not feel a special taste in this word, it has become familiar to us, and meanwhile it is one of the few words that survived in the Russian language of the 20s, something like the Red Army, Rabkrin, Consumer Cooperatives. All of them died as useless - except GUM. GUM advertising, posters by Vladimir Mayakovsky and Alexander Rodchenko, covered all of Moscow - GUM became a symbol of the NEP.

Stalin closed GUM in 1930, ministries and departments moved in here, the first line was completely closed to entry, Beria's office was located here. Some kind of trade continued, Torgsin and a commission shop for the sale of the property of enemies of the people functioned at the fountain, went out to Nikolskaya grocery store, but in general GUM ceased to exist.

Stalin twice - in 1935 and in 1947 - was going to demolish the GUM, government decrees were issued twice, but his hands did not reach. He died March 5, 1953. Above his coffin, his successor Georgy Malenkov proclaimed that Comrade Stalin bequeathed us to keep peace between peoples, put forward the idea of ​​a long-term coexistence of the two systems and a reduction in international tension. The military budget was halved, intensive development began Agriculture and light industry - everything that later became known as Nikita Khrushchev's New Deal. But first they decided to try at GUM - it was reconstructed and opened to the public on December 24, 1953. On December 23, Lavrenty Beria was shot, the newspapers reported this on the same day. GUM has become a symbol of the thaw.

GUM has a unique destiny - it opened when Russia turned towards people, normal city life, even happiness. Fashion in GUM, a showroom, records in GUM, ice cream in GUM - all this has become Moscow's symbols. And it all disappeared when we turned in the other direction.

GUM today

Today, GUM lives as it was once conceived - an ideal trading city of Moscow, as if having lived 120 years of its life without losses and disasters. Since 2007, the fountain in the center of GUM has again delighted visitors - a legendary building captured both in official chronicles of the 20th century and in millions of private photographs (today the sound of a camera shutter sounds here about once every three seconds).

The legendary cinema hall, which went down in the history of Russian cinema, has been restored. A unique illumination project has been implemented on the outer facade. Since 2006, the GUM Skating Rink has been opened on Red Square, which immediately gained fame as the brightest ice rink in the capital. We revived the traditions of winter festivities on Red Square, which Moscow was famous for in the 19th century, but we also took the bright and happy that was in the 20th.

Gastronome No. 1, which was once created by Anastas Mikoyan as a practical supplement to his "Book of Tasty and Healthy Food", is working again in GUM. Both in design and clothes of sellers, and even in the presence of some classic goods of the Soviet era (for example, Three Elephants tea), Gastronome No. 1 takes us back to the 1950s and 60s, although this, of course, is a game. In essence, this is a store that can satisfy the gastronomic whims of today's most demanding consumer.

The Festivalnoye cafe and Canteen No. 57 are made in the same Soviet style. The cafe is named after the Festival of Youth and Students, which took place in Moscow in 1957 and gathered 34,000 people from 131 countries of the world. This event is reminded by drawings, slogans in several languages, placed on the walls.

Dining room No. 57 is a classic self-service line, the idea of ​​which Mikoyan spied on in America in 1936, and was able to implement only in the thaw era. True, the food is different: now there is good Russian and European cuisine, and not a "hamburger", as Mikoyan called it, that is, not a "Mikoyan cutlet", as the Soviet people called it.

GUM is not just a store where you can buy almost everything. This is a whole shopping district, in which there is a pharmacy, a bank branch, and a flower shop ... This is an architectural monument. This is a comfortable recreation area with restaurants and cafes. This is an art gallery and venue cultural events. It's an integral part Russian history. It is a symbol of Moscow and it is the closest place to the Kremlin where you can feel like you are in Europe.

Text: Grigory Revzin