Okhotny Ryad street. Okhotny Ryad street When Okhotny Ryad was built shopping center

When huge shopping centers replaced Soviet department stores, it was obvious that they would fill the gap between expensive boutiques and Asian markets with cheap consumer goods. To find out what role they play in the city infrastructure today and how they differ from each other, The Village continues the series about the main malls of Moscow. In the fifth issue - the Okhotny Ryad shopping center on Manezhnaya Square.

YEAR OF OPENING

ATTENDANCE

person per day

THE SHOPS

RESTAURANTS

Okhotny Ryad is far from the largest shopping center in Moscow, but perhaps one of the most visited. This is largely due to the good location - a stone's throw from Red Square and between three metro stations. Tourists who come to see the Kremlin at some point get tired of the sights and excessive luxury of GUM and find themselves in a store where they find the usual European brands.

It also plays a role that Okhotny Ryad, built in 1997, became one of the first shopping centers of a new type. It was here that many Western brands appeared, which previously could only be bought on a business trip abroad.

Despite a fairly standard set of shops, a modest food court and the lack of a large cinema, Okhotny Ryad still attracts crowds of people, while the nearby Fashion Season is often empty.

Story

The site for the construction of the shopping center was chosen by the Moscow Government, which planned that a large shopping center would attract tourists and help Muscovites come to terms with the new look of Manezhnaya Square, which in the early 90s was the main venue for rallies.

The competition for the reconstruction project of the square was won by the architectural workshop of B. Ulkin, whose concept of the "underground city" was used in the construction of the shopping center. Dmitry Lukaev was appointed the lead architect, and Zurab Tsereteli was responsible for the design project.

Despite the fact that most architects and art historians agreed that the shopping center forever destroyed the integral image of Manezhnaya Square, in 1997 Okhotny Ryad became the winner of an international competition MIPIM Awards.

Device

The set of stamps presented in Okhotny Ryad is not much different from any other shopping center in Moscow. Except that many of them first appeared here.

So, for a long time there was the largest topshop, where they brought collaboration collections with Kate Moss and premium lines of the brand. The first store in Moscow of another British mass market was opened here - Miss Selfridge.

The shopping center continues to bring new products to the Russian market even now: last winter, a mono-brand of the Californian shoe brand was opened in Okhotny Ryad Vans, and six months before that - the corner of Polish cosmetics Inglot, by the number of colors and shades of funds capable of competing with M.A.C.

The shopping center is mainly designed for the middle segment and tourists. On the ground floor there is a food court with traditional sandwiches, donuts, pancakes and hot dogs; besides this, there is no clear division into zones - on each of the three floors there are perfumes, underwear and clothes of the mass market giant Inditex. From any level you can get to the street - to Manezhnaya Square and the Alexander Garden.

1. Zara dress 2. Pull & Bear boots 3. Zara coat 4. Vans sneakers 5. The Body Shop shampoo 6 Pull & Bear hoodie 7. M A C lipstick

The most budget brands are collected on the first floor - Pull & Bear, Stradivarius, New Yorker, shops with inexpensive accessories and jewelry, as well as a food court and a 5D cinema.

Sports shops adjoin on the second floor Nike and vans, cosmetic corners M A C , The Body Shop, Victoria's Secret, Zara and a dozen more popular brands. This floor also houses the subway entrance and "The Seventh Continent".

Huge "Rive Gauche", AccessorizeRiver Island and a small part of the food court, consisting of "Sbarro" and "McDonald's" with terraces on the street and a view of the Alexander Garden.

food court

Compared to other shopping centers in Moscow, Okhotny Ryad has a very small selection of quite expected cafes and restaurants, and the queues at McDonald's there are legends. There is KFC, Subway, Burger King and "Baby Potato" which mainly attracts foreigners. It will not be easy to find a free table: half of them are occupied by noisy groups of tourists discussing their further route. You can go to a cafe: there the chance to eat without haste is much higher, and "Sbarro" and "Sushi Planets" there is even a summer terrace overlooking the Alexander Garden.

Services

The modest range of shopping center services is limited to a clothing repair shop and a manicure parlour. In addition, there is a grocery store on the middle level. "The Seventh Continent" and express braiding studio "Voila".

The history of the area where the modern Okhotny Ryad Street is located is rooted in ancient Moscow. The first documentary information dates back to the 15th century, and from them it becomes clear that this area was densely populated. And first of all, this is indicated by the fact that two churches were built here side by side. One of them is the church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, built before 1406, the second church of Anastasia in 1458. Where the modern Revolution Square is located, the Neglinnaya River flowed, now enclosed in an underground collector. In high water, the river often overflowed and flooded the entire area around.
At the end of the 15th century, a trade road to Novgorod passed through the modern streets of Okhotny Ryad and Tverskaya. This naturally contributed to the fact that forges and inns were located here. On the plans of Moscow in the 18th century, this area is already shown as sparsely populated and occupied by three trading rows: Flour, Zhitny and Solodovenny. Rows ran parallel to the course of the Neglinnaya River. They stretched from modern Tverskaya Street and reached the middle of Theater Square.
From the middle of the 16th century, the northern part of the modern Okhotny Ryad was chosen by nobles. This is easily explained by the fact that Ivan the Terrible in 1565 moved from the Kremlin to the Oprichny courtyard, which was located on. At the end of the 17th century, on the corner with Tverskaya Street, there was the courtyard of Prince Dolgorukov, next to it were the chambers of V.V. Golitsyn, favorite of Princess Sofya Alekseevna. Next came the stone chambers of Prince I.B. Troekurov, head of the archery troops under Peter I. And the court of the boyar and governor V.S. Volynsky.
From the 1680s, Golitsyn and Troyekurov tried to outdo each other in the splendor of the chambers. But the boards of Prince Golitsyn were distinguished by their sophistication and splendor. Here everything was done in a European way. The planetary system was painted on the ceilings of the vast halls, and many artistic clocks and thermometers amazed the guests of the prince. The roof of the house was covered with copper sheets, and the window and door frames were decorated with stone carvings on the outside. Golitsyn was one of the educated people of his time who spoke several languages, and it is all the more offensive from a historical point of view that he ended up in the ranks of the enemies of Peter I, although in spirit he was very close to Peter's reforms. But as an adherent of Sophia, he was convicted and expelled from Moscow. He died in 1713 and was buried in the cemetery of the Krasnogorsk Monastery.
A fire in 1737 destroyed the shops of Flour, Zhitny and Malt Rows, which were located in Okhotny Ryad. This territory was immediately captured by the princes Dolgorukov and Georgian. The latter owned the court previously owned by Golitsyn. At the same time, on the site where the Moscow Hotel was later built, the New Mint was built. Since in 1719 all mints that minted silver and copper coins were transferred from Moscow to St. Petersburg. But in 1937 they were again restored in Moscow, though in a new place. But even there they did not last long and already in 1742 they were again transferred to St. Petersburg. And in the buildings of the former New Mint, the Berg Collegium settled, which was in charge of mining.
The shops of Okhotny Ryad in the 17th century were located on the site of the present Historical Museum, between the wall of Kitai-Gorod and Neglinnaya. And the shops were called Okhotny Ryad, as wild and poultry were sold here. In 1707-1708, earthen bastions were built on the site of the shops, and the shops were moved to the modern one, to the Moiseevsky Convent, founded by Ivan the Terrible. But here Okhotny Ryad was crowded, so after the fire of 1737, part of its shops were moved to the place of the burnt Malt and Zhitny Ryads.
The Moscow “regulation” plan of 1775 included the demolition of all buildings from the Mint to the territories that were captured by the princes after the fire of 1737. It was also supposed to demolish the shops of Okhotny Ryad and the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia, with all the buildings and cemeteries.
But the implementation of the plan was delayed. Although the princes-homeowners were compensated for the land taken away in other places, they still argued and the matter dragged on. The clergy were also not happy with the proposed plan. Therefore, only in 1793 they demolished the church of Anastasia, the bell tower of the church of Paraskeva, and other buildings, and as a result received the area of ​​Okhotny Ryad. The Paraskeva church itself was not touched, since it was on the sidelines, only a new one was built to replace the demolished bell tower. They also demolished, abolished in 1765, the female Moiseevsky monastery with all the buildings, and in 1798 they demolished all the shops of Okhotny Ryad, located behind the monastery, and Moiseevsky Square was opened here. The area existed until 1935, and then entered the territory.
In the same 1798, the vast courtyard of the former New Mint was given to the chief police chief of Moscow, Kaveren, in exchange for his demolished courtyard. True, he was obliged to place Okhotny Ryad shops in his yard. Kaverin built several rows of wooden benches, where Okhotny Ryad was located. But it was crowded there, and it gradually began to occupy neighboring yards, which began to be built up with commercial premises, warehouses and taverns. Usually the first floors were occupied by shops or warehouses, and on the second and third floors - housing.
In the fire of 1812, all the wooden shops of Okhotny Ryad burned down, Kaverin did not restore them, but sold his yard to the merchant of the first guild, Lukhmanov. He also built stone trading rows along all the boundaries of the courtyard, inextricably linked with each other.
Okhotny Ryad was the most unsanitary place in the center of Moscow. The rotten meat gave off a stench. The unsanitary conditions were aggravated by the merchants themselves, who tried to sell their goods to the last, even if it began to deteriorate, they washed it and flavored it with spices. And any sanitary rules were managed by bribing city officials.,
But even the city cannot redeem this territory for its own needs, since the merchants, who received huge incomes here, did not want to part with the "gold mine".
And only with the advent of Soviet power was it possible to deal with this "thorn of unsanitary conditions" on the map of the capital. In 1924, all the wooden shops were demolished, and in 1930 the Paraskeva church was demolished. According to legend, the restorer Pyotr Baranovsky climbed into the bucket of the excavator, which came to destroy the temple. He hoped that the authorities would change their mind and save the church. However, Baranovsky was simply removed from the excavator bucket, and the church continued to be demolished.
In 1936, instead of dirty courtyards with retail premises, monumental buildings were built on both sides of the square: the Moskva Hotel (architect Shchusev) and the House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (architect Langman).

Street Okhotny Ryad

The name "Okhotny Ryad" speaks of the distant antiquity of this area. The first information about it dates back to the 15th century. Even then it was densely populated, as evidenced by the two churches that stood here at that time almost nearby: the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, built before 1406 (it was in the middle of the square), and the Church of Anastasia, built in 1458 (it stood opposite the exit to Bolshaya Dmitrovka). Both churches had cemeteries. To the north of them, the area was just being developed (here, shortly before that, arable land and fields were located, so the first church was designated “near the old fields”); to the south, building could not develop, since here, on the modern Revolution Square, the Neglinnaya River flowed at that time, which overflowed during floods and during heavy rains and flooded the entire place subsequently occupied in Soviet times by the Moscow Hotel and the Council House Ministers of the USSR.

At the end of the 15th century, along the route of modern Tverskaya Street, a large trade road to Novgorod passed from Red Square, which contributed to the emergence and development of inns and forges in the described area. The decree of Ivan III on the formation of free space at a distance of 110 sazhens from the fortress walls probably touched it only after the walls of Kitai-gorod were built in 1534–1538, since on the first plans-drawings of Moscow in the 17th century this area is shown almost undeveloped, occupied by three trading rows: Flour, Zhitny and Malt. These rows ran parallel to the course of the Neglinnaya River and, starting at modern Tverskaya Street, reached the middle of Theater Square. Between the Flour Row, closest to the Neglinnaya River, and the middle Zhitny Row, in the middle of the 17th century, there was a big road from Red Square through the beginning of Tverskaya to the modern Theater Square, to Teatralny Proyezd, to Bolshaya Lubyanka, Sretenka, Meshchanskaya streets and further to the White Sea. This road became commercial at the end of the 16th century, replacing the old Novgorod road.

From the middle of the 16th century, on the northern side of the modern Okhotny Ryad, there were already courts of nobles, which is undoubtedly connected with the move of Ivan the Terrible in 1565 from the Kremlin to the Oprichny courtyard, located on Mokhovaya Street on the site of the current university (new building) and its library. At the end of the 17th century, on the corner with Tverskaya Street, there was the courtyard of the boyar Prince Dolgorukov, next to it - the courtyard and stone chambers of the favorite of the ruler Sofya Alekseevna, the boyar Prince V.V. Golitsyn. Near his courtyard, closer to Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, there were the courtyard and stone chambers of the head of the archery troops under Peter I - the boyar Prince I. B. Troekurov, and on the site of the House of the Unions - the courtyard of the nearby boyar and voivode of Obdorsky (1678) V. S. Volynsky.

In the 1680s, Golitsyn and Troekurov tried to outdo each other in the splendor of the chambers and built the first two-storey and the second three-storey stone houses. The chambers of Prince V.V. Golitsyn were especially magnificent. “In his vast Moscow house,” wrote the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, “everything was arranged in a European way: in the large halls, the piers between the windows were lined with large mirrors, paintings and portraits of Russian and foreign sovereigns and German geographical maps hung on the walls. gilded frames; the planetary system was painted on the ceilings, and many artistic clocks and thermometers completed the decoration of the rooms. The roof of the house was covered with copper sheets; platbands of windows and doors outside were decorated with stone carvings. In the house of Prince V.V. Golitsyn, the most educated person of his time, who spoke several foreign languages, there were both passing foreigners of various directions, up to the Jesuits ... inclusive, and advanced elements of Russian society. By a strange irony of fate, Prince V.V. Golitsyn found himself in the ranks of the enemies of Peter I, while in spirit he was the person closest to his reforms. As an adherent of Sophia, he was condemned by Peter and exiled to Yarensk, then to Pustoozersk, and in 1711 to Pinega, near which he died in 1713. He was buried in the Krasnogorsk monastery.

Since the 16th century, on the other side of the square, that is, on the modern Manezhnaya, there was the Moiseevsky convent with a cemetery. In the 17th century, the monastery had several huts and stoves along Tverskaya Street, in which the nuns sold pancakes and other food.

The great fire of 1737 destroyed the wooden shops of the Flour, Zhitny and Malt rows that existed in Okhotny Ryad, and they were no longer renewed. The places of the shops were seized by the owners of the northern side of the square, the princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky (the latter owned the courtyard that previously belonged to Prince V.V. Golitsyn), having cut to their yards. On this land stood in the middle of the 18th century, facing Tverskaya Street, a wooden fartina (tavern), popularly known as the Wooden Jump, and there were also wooden barbershops. In the middle of the square, on the ground of the Paraskeva church, even before the fire, since 1732, its stone bell tower stood. Although since 1723 Peter I was forbidden to bury the dead at the churches in the city center, the cemeteries at the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia still remained.

After a fire in 1737, on the site where the Moskva Hotel later appeared in Soviet times, the New Mint was built by the Treasury on the site of 140 burnt shops. In the middle of the 18th century, it consisted of a stone one-story building near Tverskaya Street (“presence”) and a stone barn to the east of it, which served as a warehouse. The construction of the New Mint here is due to the fact that the money yards transferred in 1719 from Moscow to St. Petersburg, where silver and copper coins were minted, were again restored in Moscow in 1727, but in a new place. However, the minting of coins in Moscow did not last long, and in 1742 the minting business was again transferred to St. Petersburg. Then the Berg Collegium settled at the New Mint in Okhotny Ryad.

Between the lands of the former trading rows, occupied by the princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky and the Paraskeva Church, and the New Mint from Tverskaya Street, Petrovskaya Street was about six sazhens wide, paved with wood. From the northwestern corner of the Moskva Hotel, it went diagonally across the square to the southeastern corner of the modern House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, passed in front of the House of the Unions and the Okhotny Ryad metro station, and then diagonally crossed the square in front of the Bolshoi Theater and poured into modern street Petrovka.

When this street crossed to the northeastern part, approximately in the middle of the modern Okhotny Ryad, a nameless alley departed from it directly to the east.

Between Petrovskaya Street and this lane, from its beginning to the modern Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, in the middle of the 18th century there were several wooden shops called Okhotny Ryad, although the main part of the latter was still on modern Manezhnaya Square. By a lane from Bolshaya Dmitrovka south to the Neglinnaya River, this Okhotny Ryad was separated from the Church of Anastasia and its cemetery. The lane after the church was called "Nastasinsky".

In the 17th century, Okhotny Ryad was located on the modern Revolution Square, on the site of the current Historical Museum, between the wall of Kitai-Gorod and the Neglinnaya River. But after Peter I in 1707-1708 occupied this place under earthen bastions and a ditch, Okhotny Ryad was transferred to the modern Manezhnaya Square, to the Moiseevsky Monastery. Here, Okhotny Ryad was cramped, and after the fire of 1737, part of its shops were moved to the site of Malt and Zhitny Ryads (opposite the House of the Unions), where we find them in the middle of the 18th century. The shops were called "Okhotny Ryad" because they sold chickens, geese and other domestic and wild birds.

In 1745 Okhotny Ryad consisted of 22 small wooden benches (no more than 4-5 meters each), standing in three rows. However, the eastern part of the row, near the alley from Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, was no longer occupied by shops, but by the courtyard with wooden huts of Prince V. M. Dolgorukov, the owner of the house opposite (the current House of the Unions).

The former courtyard of Prince I. B. Troekurov, standing nearby, faced Petrovskaya Street with a stone fence, with a gate in the middle and two two-story stone outbuildings on the sides. It belonged to Major N.F. Sokovnin. The next courtyard, the former V.V. Golitsyn, and at that time - the Georgian princes, went out onto the street with a large stone two-story building in the middle and a small one on the western side; between the one and the other was a gate. Part of the courtyard to the east of the large building overlooking the street was given over to the church of Paraskeva and built up with stone and wooden buildings. Finally, the courtyard of Prince A. B. Dolgorukov at the corner of Tverskaya had a stone house church at the very corner, a gate near it and then a stone fence. The chambers of this prince, stone, with wooden outbuildings on the sides, stood in the back of the courtyard, in the same row with the former chambers of princes V.V. Golitsyn and I.B. Troekurov.

In place of the house to the east of the Moskva Hotel, there was a state-owned drinking house, called "Glass", and across Nastasinsky Lane, to the east of it, there were "architect's chambers" - a workshop and school of "architectural" students of the outstanding architect of the middle of the 18th century D. V. Ukhtomsky. Next to them, opposite the church of Anastasia, stood another fartina.

If we add that nearby, on the modern Theater Square, there was a tavern "Petrovskoye Kruzhalo", then it becomes clear that this place was very cheerful.

According to the plan of “regulation” of Moscow in 1775, all buildings between the Mint and the northern courtyards, on the site of the lands seized by the princes in 1737, were required to be demolished and “open” the square here. The shops of Okhotny Ryad, as well as the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia with bell towers, cemeteries and church buildings, were subject to demolition.

In 1786, they began to put this plan into execution, for which, first of all, they compensated the princes-house owners for the lands taken from them with lands in other places. The landlords, however, argued, and the case dragged on. The clergy also argued. By 1793, only the Anastasia Church, the bell tower of the Paraskeva Church and other buildings were demolished, and the square was “opened”. The Church of Paraskeva was not demolished, as “it was strong in all parts and good-looking,” according to Metropolitan Platon, and stood not in the middle of the square, but to the side. Instead of the demolished bell tower, a new one was added to it from the west.

The shops of Okhotny Ryad, of which there were already 41 by 1775, also did not disappear, but were only moved from the middle of the square to its southern side, to the wall of the former Mint. We find them there at the end of the 18th century.

The regulation of the area according to the plan of 1775 continued on the other side of Tverskaya Street. Standing since the 16th century on the corner of Mokhovaya Street, opposite the modern National Hotel, the Moiseevsky Monastery was abolished in 1765, but its churches, cells and other buildings were demolished only in 1789. Nine years after that, in 1798, the shops of the Myasny (Okhotny) row and privately owned yards that stood behind the monastery were also demolished, and Moiseevskaya Square was opened here - a small one that remained until 1935, and then entered the territory of Manezhnaya Square.

The chief police chief of Moscow, Major General P. N. Kaverin, instead of his demolished small courtyard, was given ownership in 1798 of the vast former New Mint (on the site of the Moscow Hotel) with the condition that he place Okhotny Ryad shops in this courtyard, removed from Moiseevskaya Square. Kaverin fulfilled his obligation, built several rows of wooden benches in the courtyard and placed Okhotny Ryad in them.

The plan of 1805 shows that by this time General Kaverin had built up the corner building of the former "presence" of the Mint with two floors, built a third stone building instead of a dilapidated wooden house between two stone buildings, three more stone ones - on the western, southern and eastern sides of the courtyard, and along southern border in two rows of six long wooden buildings. It must be assumed that Okhotny Ryad was mainly located here.

In the fire of 1812, all the wooden shops of Okhotny Ryad burned down. General Kaverin did not want to renew them and in 1815 sold his yard to the Moscow 1st guild merchant, the owner of the "changing shop" (banker) D. A. Lukhmanov.

He built stone buildings along all the boundaries of the courtyard - shopping arcades, inextricably linked with each other. From three sides, except for the eastern one, gates led into the courtyard - from Tverskaya, from Okhotny Ryad and from the courtyard of Kurmanleeva on the modern Revolution Square. In the south, opposite the last gate, a stone building was built in the middle of the courtyard. From the west, a wooden shed adjoined it, "under which fish are traded."

After the square of Okhotny Ryad was formed in 1793 and the bargaining moved from its middle to the southern borders, it also moved to neighboring courtyards; the latter began to be built up with commercial premises, mainly warehouses, pantries and taverns. Shops and warehouses were everywhere on the first floors, cellars below them, and housing on the second and third floors.

House No. 1 (now in its place Tverskaya Street) was built up on all sides of the yard and in the middle.

The neighboring house, No. 3 of the Georgian princes, in two buildings overlooking the street, was occupied by shops.

House number 5 (Paraskeva's church) and house number 7 (her clergy) remained without noticeable changes. House No. 9 (former Prince I. B. Troekurov in the 17th century) in 1815 passed to the Moscow petty-bourgeois society, which used the main building and its outbuildings for renting out - for housing and warehouses, and later - for cab drivers standing in the yard.

House No. 11 on the corner of Bolshaya Dmitrovka by 1784 was rebuilt by the famous architect M.F. Kazakov for Field Marshal Prince V.M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky. But the owner died in 1782, and the house was bought in 1784 from his son for the noble club - the Noble Noble Assembly. In its wonderful Hall of Columns, meetings of the nobility, receptions of kings, charity evenings, concerts and balls were held. The noble assembly of the nobility is captured in the story of A.P. Chekhov "The French Ball".

House No. 46 opposite it, on the south side of Okhotny Ryad (Nos. 4-44 had shops near the former Mint), belonged from the 18th century until the October Revolution to the merchants Patrikeyevs, who at the beginning of the 19th century also built it up with shops and commercial premises.

Next to it, house number 48 belonged to Lieutenant Colonel Pavlov until the 1830s and was operated by renting out benches. This courtyard was formed in 1818, after the redevelopment of Theater Square, on the site of part of Nastasinsky Lane, which was destroyed at the same time.

The shops of Okhotny Ryad traded mainly in meat, fish, herbs, poultry, live and bats, as well as eggs, etc.

Building No. 1/12 (now part of Tverskaya Street) at the corner of Tverskaya Street housed at that time the best Pedotti confectionery in the city and the best Wessel bakery. There were also two hotels (out of seven that existed in Moscow) - Shevaldysheva and "Paris".

Back in 1786, the fartin "Tverskoy Kruzhalo" (the former "Wooden Leap"), which became famous for choral songs, was transferred to this house. Then it was replaced by the "Tsaregrad tavern", named after the Greek owner from Tsargrad. In 1848, the tavern was already called "Paris" and was eagerly visited by the Moscow intelligentsia.

Obliquely from this house, on the corner of Moiseevskaya Square, opposite the modern National Hotel, there was the famous Pechkina coffee house (later the Novomoskovsky tavern). In the 1830s and 1840s, it was considered the most witty place in Moscow. Herzen, Belinsky, Gogol, Shchepkin, Lensky, Mochalov, Sadovsky and others spent evenings here.

In general, around Okhotny Ryad at that time and later there were the best taverns in Moscow (Egorova, Baranova, Testov, etc.).

Probably, in connection with the permission to occupy the area of ​​Okhotny Ryad for an imported market, there is the fact that in the 1820s, on the site of the Okhotny Ryad of the 18th century, between the Paraskeva Church and the house of the Noble Assembly, the "Bird Ryad" appeared - shops and huts with cages of singers birds. Only in 1840 was he removed from here to Trubnaya Square.

In the second half of the 19th century, the trade of Okhotny Ryad flourished so much that the yards of houses overlooking the square began to be built up with shops and warehouses. This was especially noticeable on house number 1/12 on the corner of Tverskaya and on house number 2/10, the former Mint. The first one received the superstructure of all two-story buildings with a third floor and the development of two courtyards formed in it at the beginning of the 19th century with buildings in the middle of them. This was carried out by the merchant Komissarov, in whose hands the house passed in 1873 and was with his heirs until the revolution.

House No. 2/10 in 1892 passed into the hands of Lukhmanov's heirs and from them to the merchant Zhuravlev, who rebuilt it in order to get more income from the house. Along all four sides inside the courtyard, two-story buildings were placed with cellars, shops on the first floor and storerooms on the second. In the middle of the courtyard, on the site of the garbage pits, a well and a shed for the fish trade, he built a huge (26 × 10 fathoms) two-story building, on the top floor of which there was a tavern. All buildings were completed in 1898. The last act of using this house by the owner was the installation in 1911 under the eastern half of the yard of refrigerators for storing meat, fish, etc. with special refrigeration machines.

Even earlier, at the end of the 19th century, on Okhotny Ryad Square, opposite the stone shops on its southern side, a row of wooden shops appeared, selling fruits, vegetables and herbs.

House number 3 opposite, which belonged for two centuries to the princes and princes of Georgia, in 1889 passed into the hands of the merchant Barakov, who traded in smoked hams.

The “glory” of the Okhotnoryadsky merchants was supplemented by the “glory” of the Yegorovsky tavern in Okhotny Ryad. It was located in house number 48 and, together with the house, belonged to the merchant Yegorov since 1868. The tavern was famous for serving tea "with alimone" and "with a towel". If a visitor expressed a desire to drink tea "with alimone", he was served two glasses of tea with sugar and lemon. If he demanded tea “with a towel”, he was served a tea cup, a kettle with boiling water and another small one for making tea, as well as a towel that the visitor hung around his neck. After he drained the first teapot of boiling water, wiping his forehead and neck with a towel, he was served the second, third, etc. Some experienced merchants, tea lovers, drank several teapots in one sitting, and the towel became wet with sweat.

The “polovye” (waiters) in this tavern were dressed in long white Russian shirts, white trousers and girded with a lace. However, it was the style of all Moscow taverns.

In 1902, the tavern passed from the old man Egorov to his son-in-law, Utkin-Egorov, who turned it into a first-class restaurant. Since the yard was small and all built up, in 1905 he obtained permission from the City Council to arrange a cellar for wines under the square in front of the house. This basement was discovered during the construction of a subway tunnel in 1934.

At the end of the 19th century, in the courtyards and slums of Okhotny Ryad, “cockfights” were organized by amateurs. Each came with his cock and let him down to fight with the others. The roosters fought, blood oozed, feathers flew, and the audience watched with excitement, whose rooster would come out victorious, the "fans" betting sometimes hundreds of rubles. The contest usually ended with one rooster slaughtering the other to death.

Okhotny Ryad was the most unsanitary place in the city center. Perishable meat, fish, greens emitted a stench. The desire of the hunters to keep the goods for sale until the last opportunity, washing it or flavoring it with various spices, increased unsanitary conditions. Any sanitary regulations were managed by bribing the police and agents of the City Council. For example, in house No. 2/10 in 1889, an illegal discharge of sewage into the Neglinnaya River was noticed, but no fine was imposed on the violators for this.

In the 1890s, in the same house, merchants arbitrarily staged bird slaughters at their shops. But the City Council not only did not ban them, but even refused to issue a decree regulating the slaughter of birds here ... "in view of the imminent resolution of the issue of organizing a bird slaughter at the City slaughterhouses."

The huge income that merchants received from trading in Okhotny Ryad did not even allow the city to buy this quarter. When the City Council, shortly before the war of 1914, set out to buy it out in order to build a new building of the City Duma here, the hunters asked for such a price that they had to retreat.

After the revolution, the purge of Okhotny Ryad began. In 1924, the wooden shops that stood on the south side of the square, in front of the stone shops, were demolished. In 1930, Paraskeva's church was demolished, and in 1936, on the site of dirty courtyards with retail premises on both sides of the square, the monumental buildings of the Moskva Hotel and the House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR grew. The first building was built according to the project of Academician A. V. Shchusev, the second - according to the project of Professor Langman. Only the building of the Noble Assembly remained from the old Okhotny Ryad.

From the book Petersburg in street names. The origin of the names of streets and avenues, rivers and canals, bridges and islands author Erofeev Alexey

LITOVSKAYA STREET This street runs from Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Prospekt to Mendeleevskaya Street. On March 5, 1871, the site was given the name Litovsky Lane "according to the former name of the barracks of the Life Guards of the Moscow Regiment" (house No. 1), since the Moscow Regiment

From the book Encyclopedia of Slavic Culture, Writing and Mythology author Kononenko Alexey Anatolievich

LIFLYANDSKAYA STREET Liflyandskaya street runs from the Obvodny Canal embankment to the Tarakanovka River. She did not immediately find her current boundaries. Initially, from 1770 to 1858, the section between the modern Obvodny and Paper canals was included in Yekateringofskaya Street. From the author's book

LOMOVSKY STREET The name has been known since 1887 and is given by the city of Nizhny Lomov, Penza province (now the district center of the Penza region). The street ran from Vyborgskoye Highway (Prospect Engels) to Udelny Prospekt. On May 15, 1965, the name of Lomovskaya Street was

From the author's book

LOPATINA STREET Lopatina Street runs from Kollontai Street to Solidarity Avenue. The name of German Lopatin, the first Russian translator of Karl Marx's Capital, was given to a new street in the Nevsky District on November 10, 1985. German Aleksandrovich Lopatin (1845-1918)

From the author's book

LOTSMANSKAYA STREET This street runs from the embankment of the Pryazhka River to Repin Square on the western edge of Kolomna. Its name is one of the oldest in St. Petersburg. So it was named on August 20, 1739, according to the settlement of the pilots of the Admiralteisky located here.

From the author's book

LUZHSKAYA STREET This street in the Kalininsky district received its name on July 27, 1970. As stated in the decision of the Leningrad City Executive Committee, "in honor of Luga." By this decision, several streets in the area known to Petersburgers as the GDR, that is, Citizen Beyond the Stream, were named after

From the author's book

LVOVSKAYA STREET Lvovskaya street runs from Piskarevsky prospect to Marshal Tukhachevsky street. This street has been known since 1914, but its status and boundaries have changed. Originally it was Lvovsky Prospekt. It ran from Lvovsky Lane to the north to Annikov Prospekt

From the author's book

MAGNITOGORSKAYA STREET Magnitogorskaya street runs from Shaumyan Avenue to Energetikov Avenue. Its first name - Zubov Lane - was given on March 5, 1871 by the name of the house owner, the merchant Zubov, who owned several unpreserved houses south of the modern

From the author's book

MALYGINA STREET Malygina Street goes from Sredneokhtinsky Prospekt to a dead end in the direction of Bolsheokhtinsky Prospekt. In this form, it existed until the 1920s, although since 1836 it has been used in parallel

From the author's book

MANCHESTER STREET The street runs from Engels Avenue to Thorez Avenue. Its original name - Isakov Lane - has been known since 1896 and came from the name of the owner of the cottage "Three Wells", which stood at the beginning of the passage (now in its place - the building of the association

From the author's book

MGINSKAYA STREET The street runs along the southern border of the Volkovsky Lutheran cemetery from the junction of Volkovsky Prospekt and the embankment of the Volkovka River to Samoilovaya Street. Its first name, Novaya, has been known since 1933. July 10, 1950 the street was renamed Mginskaya in memory of the battles

From the author's book

YAKUBOVICHA STREET This street is located in the very center of St. Petersburg. It runs between two squares - St. Isaac's and Labor. During its history, the street has changed its name more than once. The first - Admiralteyskaya Street - was assigned on April 20, 1738. Then the street included a modern

From the author's book

YALTINSKAYA STREET The name of this street in the Moscow region has existed since 1911. It was given for the Crimean city without any connection with this part of St. Petersburg. Initially, the street departed east from the Baltic railway line, crossed the

Street Okhotny Ryad - a street in the Tverskoy district of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. It is located between Manezhnaya Square and Teatralny Proyezd. The length of the street is 250 m.

Okhotny Ryad Street in Moscow - history, name

Former Okhotnoryadskaya Square, in 1930-1956 - Okhotny Ryad Square, in 1956-1961. - Okhotny Ryad street, in 1961-1990. - part of Marx Avenue. In 1991, the historical name Okhotny Ryad was restored.

The street was inhabited already in the 15th century: in 1406, the church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa located here was mentioned. In the same century, the road to Novgorod crossed the street, running from Red Square along Tverskaya Street, which led to the emergence of forges and inns in the area. In the 17th century nobility began to settle here: the courtyards of Prince Dolgoruky, the boyars of Volynsky, Troyekurovs, Prince Golitsyn appeared, and the stone temple of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa was built. The other side of the street was occupied by Malt, Zhitny and Flour Rows, which burned down in 1737. In their place were shops selling game and poultry, hence the name of the street. In the 19th century Okhotny Ryad acquired an exclusively commercial character: trading shops, warehouses, hotels, and taverns were located there.

In the 1930s the street was reconstructed, the Moskva Hotel, the current building of the State Duma, was built on it.

Houses in Okhotny Ryad

Okhotny Ryad, 1. State Duma of the Russian Federation . The building was built in 1932-1935. according to the project of A.Ya. Langman for the Council of Labor and Defense. Then it housed the Council of People's Commissars, the Council of Ministers, the State Planning Committee of the USSR. Since 1994, Okhotny Ryad, 1 - the address of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

Okhotny Ryad, 2. Hotel "Moscow" . The buildings of the first stage were built in 1932-1936. according to the project of O.A. Staprana and L.I. Saveliev with the participation of A.V. Shchusev. The hotel was demolished in 2004. It was rebuilt with the reproduction of facades according to the project of V.V. Kolosnitsyn.

Okhotny Ryad, 5. Okhotny Ryad metro station . The ground lobby of the Okhotny Ryad metro station at the corner with Bolshaya Dmitrovka was built according to the project of I.A. Fomin. In 1935, he began work, which was completed in 1938 by his student L.M. Polyakov. The vestibule is built into the four-story house of the merchant P.A. Bronnikov. During the reconstruction, bay windows and balconies were replaced with pilasters, statues of athletes were placed in the niches of the first floor.

Okhotny Ryad is one of the most famous names on the map of modern Moscow. It's hard to find a person who hasn't heard of this place! But why did this street and, accordingly, the metro station and the shopping center get such a name? It's simple: in old Moscow, game was traded at this place.

At first, Okhotny Ryad was located on the territory now occupied by the Historical Museum. Here in the 17th and second half of the 18th centuries there were trading rows, among which was Okhotny. Hunters brought here a variety of game that was found in the forests near Moscow. Well, Muscovites, respectively, chose themselves who are hazel grouse, who are black grouse ...

Gradually, Moscow bargaining grew, the people became crowded. In the middle of the 18th century, those rows that sold food were moved beyond the Neglinka. So Okhotny Ryad moved to the place that is associated with it to this day.

The fire of 1812 also went through the rows of Okhotny Ryad. Wooden benches burned down. But in their place they built new, stone ones. Traded here and game, and poultry. Gradually, the prestige of the place increased. Okhotny Ryad became associated with Moscow feasts, old hospitality, and luxurious dishes. Opposite, by the way, was the building of the Noble Assembly.

Gradually, the name of Okhotny Ryad became common to the entire Zaneglinsky market. But after the revolution, the shops began to be demolished, and then they completely transferred all trade to another place - to Tsvetnoy Boulevard. In 1935, Okhotny Ryad Street appeared on the site of Okhotnoryadskaya Square as a result of urban planning transformations. Then it merged with Mokhovaya and Theater passage, turning in 1961 into Marx Avenue.

An interesting detail: in the film "Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears" you can see the name of the metro station "Okhotny Ryad". But the film was already being shot at the time when the station was renamed! The director did this on purpose to emphasize the time of action: 1958. By the way, an interesting detail: the shooting took place not at all on Okhotny Ryad (at that time Prospekt Marx), but at a completely different Novoslobodskaya station, where the letters Okhotny Ryad were attached to the wall.

In 1990 the street got its name back. Moreover, now many Muscovites and guests of the city associate Okhotny Ryad not only with the Moscow metro station closest to Red Square, but also with luxurious trade.

In modern times, a prestigious shopping center, Okhotny Ryad, has appeared on Manezhnaya Square, from which the street begins. Still, the truth is said that history moves in a spiral!