Timing of working time - observation of a working person during the scheduled time and a certain operation with fixation on a special form.

The measurements of working time are carried out by trained specialists: in case of manual measurement - a standardizer using a chronometer device; with automatic - built-in programs.

Timing of time is carried out, solving specific goals: is the salary calculated correctly for the employee; for further calculation of the price of services; identification of the period for placing an emergency order.

What is timekeeping

Accurate measurement of working time makes it possible to determine the time spent to complete the work and to draw up a schedule for the distribution of tasks to a specific person until his full load. Using the timekeeping of working time, you can measure the employment of not only the workforce, but also equipment, a computer.

Timing of time is a continuous action, i.e. continuous observation. To determine the reason that prevents you from achieving a certain result, timing will become your tool for efficiency.

You can carry out individual timing of working time yourself. Example, you have a goal, motivation, you are limited in time, perform actions, achieving your goal.

Timing of working time is an increase in personal return, the effectiveness of a person who consciously performs work without wasting time. At the same time, great labor successes and career growth are achieved.

Managers of various projects in their work use the timing of working time constantly. Freelancers, outsourcers work on an hourly basis and according to the same system.

Working hours example

Consider, as an example, the work of a copywriter on the article "Time Management" Personal growth received work from a regular customer.

1. Selection of an article in a search engine by keywords; - 30 minutes.
2. Time to review the article; - 20 minutes.
3. Time to write a new article; -2 hour 25 minutes.
4. Editing, dividing the article into subheadings; -15 minutes
5. Check for uniqueness; - 5 minutes.
6. Editing the article, if required; -15 minutes.
7. Transfer of the article to the customer.

Adds up the time spent writing the article:
30 min. +20 min. + 2h.35 min. +15 min.+ 5 min. + 15 minutes = 4 hours.

Pure work time equals 4 hours. During this period, the copywriter made technical breaks: 2 times for 15 minutes, which rely on when working on a computer. Preparatory and final time was spent - 15 minutes: wiping the desktop, computer screen, turning it on and off, plus unaccounted moments. Let's say it took 1 hour. In total, we spent 5 hours, but could have spent more time if I did not limit myself in time.

How to make time tracking

• We select an employee with an “average” labor productivity. We warn him about the timing of working time: day, time. Do not forget about the internal state of the employee, his psychological data. As a rule, beginners and workers with experience are not subject to timing.
• We outline the list of operations that are subject to measurement. Examples: time to prepare an accountant's quarterly report; preparation of a commercial offer.
• We determine the timing of the timing, the number of repetitions - measurements. Example: the number of emails sent to customers per hour, per 4 hours.
• Registration of timekeeping on special forms. Typically, such forms are signed by the worker doing the work, the standard setter, the manager, and are stored in the archives of the company or enterprise.

Timing of working time must be dealt with periodically: to encourage the best employees; performance improvements; encouraging employees to work; to reduce overestimated norms when normalizing

How to track working hours

There are rules and requirements that must be followed when timing working time:

1. The observer must choose a place with a large view of the performer, without interfering with him in the process of work.
2. Exclude all conversations with him, as well as conversations with strangers;
3. The frequency of timing is carried out, observing the terms of the "collective" agreement of the enterprise, company, informing the management of the time of the event.
4. Comply with safety requirements during the timing of working hours.
5. Timely warn the employee about the timing.
6. The observer must be qualified: to have the methods of timing, not to push the performer during work.
7. The issued form of timing of working hours should not have corrections.

How to schedule working time example

Currently, most companies, organizations, their employees work at the computer. With the help of special programs, it is possible to monitor the work of subordinates.

1. Yaware.TimeTracker service recording accuracy up to 1 minute within one week, around the clock. Works in the background, without interfering with the worker to do the main work. The employee's working hours are tracked.
2. With the help of the OfficeMETRIKA program, employees who hang out during working hours, on forums and social networks are determined.
3. A biometric system called BioTime has high speed, takes into account working hours and access control.
4. The program "Time sheet" has a user-friendly interface, no training is required. In a few minutes, the timesheet is filled out. Stored for a long time in the computer.

Timing of working time is the identification of a reserve of personal time, due to which it is possible to increase labor productivity.

Timekeeping is a way of studying time costs by measuring and fixing the duration of actions to be performed. Timing allows you to "inventory" and "audit" time.

Timekeeping of working time consists in describing the work system, especially the production technology, method and working conditions, as well as determining the relative quantity, influence parameters, degree of effectiveness and actual time for individual stages of the work process. The actual time is then estimated to determine the required time for certain steps in the process.

Scheme 1. Standard program timing

Along with other methods of studying the workflow ( photograph of working time), timing very much depends on both the type of work tasks studied and the purpose of the study. So, for example, if the planned time determined by the results of timekeeping should be used in the wage system (to determine wages), then the requirements for timing will be different from the case when the time data is determined in order to calculate the level of utilization of capital goods. It is also important to consider the frequency of use of the received data (single or multiple).

Other options for timing working time depend on the following conditions:

• timekeeping defines time relative to a person;
• the time determined as a result of timing should be used for control, incl. control, and determination of wages;
• timing must be planned in such a way that it is possible to use its results to calculate the planned time.

The result of the observation is recorded. To this end, the person responsible for data collection generally has at his disposal a time measuring device and time sheets.

The following is important: The timing protocol, i.e. the data entered on the timing sheet must be reproducible. The concomitant circumstances under which the measured times were obtained must also be taken into account as parameters for the influence of the times. If the data recorder is tasked with working time timing, then he should be able, with the help of these data, to compile a new work system that delivers comparable results, comparable to those recorded in the observed work system. If this condition is met, then we can say that the timing is an illustration of the observed working system, that is, reproducible.

These requirements are important primarily to answer the questions:

1. what conditions of the working system should be taken into account and how detailed the steps of the process should be described, as well as
2. what time values ​​for each process step should be measured.

When determining the purpose of use, in addition to the possibilities mentioned many times (planning, control, monitoring, payroll), it must first be determined whether the timing system is to be evaluated to determine planned times or not. In addition, in many cases, the timing of working time makes sense only if the process under study is organized in such a way that it will occur in the future with the same mode of production, the same method of labor and under the same working conditions.

You can find the practical experience of Russian and world companies in the use of timekeeping in Almanac "Production Management"

When timing is carried out, various regulations must be observed, for example, the relevant persons must be informed. Further, before conducting, it is necessary to determine the method of measuring time and the instruments used for measuring time, timekeeping sheets. These issues at the enterprise can be resolved in advance. At this stage, the preparation of the timing sheet begins, and its front side is filled in. In serial operation, the individual process steps are described on the reverse side, for which the time values ​​must ultimately be determined.

Rules and requirements for timing

When conducting timekeeping of working hours, there are a number of basic rules and requirements:

1. The observer must be skilled enough to be able to separate and describe the process. He must also master the timing technique and, if necessary, be able to assess the degree of effectiveness.
2. The observer should be located in such a way as to have the least possible impact on the observed worker and interfere with him as little as possible; on the other hand, he must be able to good review the entire workflow.
3. In order to ensure the continuity of timing, discussions with the persons being monitored and third parties should be avoided whenever possible.
4. Conditions must be met collective agreement, and, if necessary, the company's regulations regarding informing the management and other production services about timing.
5. Timing cannot be carried out without the knowledge of the observed employee. Therefore, workers who will be monitored must be informed of the purpose of the study before they begin.
6. The timing sheet is a document; therefore, it should not contain corrections; entries must be made using a technique that does not allow corrections.
7. Safety requirements must be met.

Each step in the measurement process begins primary and ends end event. The final event of the measured stage is, at the same time, the initial event of the next one. The start event of each process step is given by the start of the first process element (for example, step: hold part; start event: take part). The end event of a process step is specified by the end of the last element of the process (for example, release a fixed part). The point of time measurement is always the final action of a process step; it is characterized by a process element. The exception to this rule is the start of the timing, which coincides with the start action of the first step in the process.

If earlier the results of timing were read and entered into the corresponding sheets manually, today, as a rule, electronic devices for measuring time are used for the same purposes.

Distinguish the following types similar devices:

• time measuring devices that measure the time of the studied stages of the process directly during the observation;
• image storage devices that record the process as a film, allowing then to process it and determine the time.

Regardless of the type, the instruments must meet the following criteria:

1. Good design ergonomics: size, weight, body, interface.
2. The device should contribute to the concentration of the observer on the implementation of his main task - monitoring the processes.
3. The device must provide a certain level of measurement accuracy: turning it on and off should not affect the accuracy.

To ensure the operation of electronic devices for measuring time, the following technical requirements must be met:

1. The device must provide the ability to work in the mode of hundredths of a minute.
2. The storage capacity and power supply of the device must allow continuous measurements for at least one shift.
3. The instrument must have a low power warning function. In the event of an interruption in instrument operation due to lack of power, data already acquired must not be lost.
4. The device must allow installation and use in workplaces with " harmful conditions labor" (dust, humidity, oily surface, electric and magnetic fields, high and low temperatures, etc.).

The capabilities of the device must correspond to production costs, supply costs. It is also advisable to have functions for conducting multi-moment observations and, if necessary, analysis using systems of set time values.

Currently, electronic time measurement systems are most widely used. Measurement, registration and evaluation of time data is carried out using electronic systems, which makes it possible:

• clear ordering of time and performance data by process steps,
• self-storage and preparation of these data during the assessment process and at its completion,
• quick interim assessment (statistical confidence region) and graphical representation of the most important results already in the measurement process,
• quick and error-free evaluation of the received data according to predetermined criteria,
• follow-up support in the development of the planned time system.

Also, many systems provide support for a distributed time tracking system in group work, and support for multi-moment observations.

The timing technique involves identifying the following conditions: General requirements to the timing technique; determination of the measuring point; measurement method; devices for measuring time; prioritization production process; work with the timing form.

Requirements for the technique of measuring working hours

The general requirements for the time measurement technique are as follows:

• The observer must be qualified;
• The location of the observer should provide a view, but at the same time not interfere with the worker;
• Avoid discussions with the employee;
• Comply with the regulations established by the enterprise;
• Inform the employee about the purpose of the study;
• Issue timekeeping forms without corrections;
• Compliance with safety regulations on the part of the observer;

time point is always the final action of the process step being measured; it is characterized by some element of the process, for example, release the hand from the part, press the switch button, etc.

The variety of devices for measuring time is shown in Scheme 2. If earlier the results of timing were read and entered into the corresponding form manually, today electronic devices for measuring time are used for the same purpose.

Scheme 2. Devices for measuring time

There are 2 ways of measuring time: by progressive time or by unit time. Progressive time (F) is the time from the start of the timing to the end event of a particular process step. With a single measurement, a new countdown starts at each measuring point and thus each process step is measured separately.

The structure and recording of data in the timing forms depends on priority measurable stages of the process, which are divided into:

1) Processes no cyclic repetition stages; these processes are typical for single production usually in the conditions of individual work. The division of the process, the description of its stages, the determination of measurement points and the consideration of the relative quantity and parameters of influence is carried out during timing.

2) Processes with cyclic order stages; after the unit of the product passes through all stages (cycle), the same process is repeated with respect to the next unit. The separation and determination of the moments of measurement measurements is carried out before timing.

3) sequential order process; measurements of single time values ​​are carried out first for all units of products at one stage of the process, only after that the next stage is performed.

4) rolling order process when the specified sequences of steps are combined. This may occur regularly after a certain number of cycles (for example, every 5 cycles), or may be irregular.

The types of process sequences and their corresponding REFA timing forms are presented in the table in Figure 3.

Scheme 3. Use of timing forms for different sequences of processes.

	Process Priority	Application	Form timing
	Process without cyclic repetition of stages
	Process with repetition of sequences of steps	Serial production, individual work
	Process with irregular repetition of separate series of steps for one worker	Single production, individual labor
	Process with equal and different series of steps involving several people or means of production	Group work, multi-site work

Timing example. Timing of time measurements of 10 cycles of the workflow “Completely mount the part” was carried out. Progressive Actual Time data entered into a stringF , calculated unit time data - to stringt i , data on the degree of effectiveness - in a lineL (degree of effectiveness). Required lap timet defined by the formula

, where HM is the unit of time, equal to one hundredth of a minute; 100HM= 1min.

Time management is a very handy tool that allows you to evaluate the performance of both individual employees and entire departments. This helpful information can also be beneficial if downsizing is needed.

To identify the most productive employees, you should evaluate how they manage their time. For this, there are several effective methods, one of which is the timing of working hours. This is employee appraisal tool, which occurs according to a certain algorithm.

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What is work time tracking?

Such a method is necessary in order to carefully study, how exactly the employee spends his time at the enterprise.

With the help of timekeeping, you can determine in percentage terms how many hours or minutes it takes to rest, how much to fruitful work, and how much is required to prepare the workflow.

But in order to conduct a correct assessment, it is necessary to track all the actions of an employee in a certain period. Most often this is one working day, but it is not always possible to see an accurate picture of what is happening in such a short time.

So certification can last for several days. Next, averages are taken out, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn.

With the help of timekeeping, you can not only identify labor efficiency, but also create more favorable conditions for a particular position.

If it turns out that the workload of an employee is too large, assistants can be given to him. In general, timing data is in a good way to optimize the working system.

This is especially convenient for large enterprises and mass production with repetitive workflow elements.

If such certification is carried out periodically, it is possible to reduce the risk of poor company performance. But for this it is necessary to make timekeeping at the first hints of a problem. The employer has the right to independently initiate such checks.

Timing is not mandatory, but if there is a production need employees cannot refuse to undergo such certification.

Such a procedure is carried out by a special commission, which includes, that is, observers, as well as personnel department specialists and non-core employees on the orders of superiors. Furthermore, the employee has the right to independently conduct timing. This can be both a plus and a minus for him.

On the one hand, in this way it can be proved that a person recycles. But with self-fixing of workflows and entering all the information into the document, additional time will be spent. This will lead to research will be biased. Therefore, most often independent timing is replaced by the usual one.

This process can be done in several ways. It can be continuous, that is, continue all working hours, as well as selective with the measurement of time spent only on certain operations.

Timing can also be cyclic. Here, the time spent is measured only for cyclically repeating operations. When compiling reporting documents, and can be used. This is called photo timing.

Purposes and functions

The main purpose for which such certification is carried out is determining the performance of an employee or department. Moreover, properly conducted timing allows you to optimize the production and the number of personnel in a particular position.

If it turns out that people spend too much time on a particular process, and productivity suffers, new vacancies should be opened. On the other hand, if some employees are found to be wasting too much time, the staff can either be streamlined.

Monitoring the efficiency of work at the enterprise is one of the main functions of time management, including such a tool as timing. Therefore, this the method is widely used in enterprises with a large staff.

Rules and requirements

This procedure has its own characteristics. Therefore, when an employer or employee initiates timing, they must prepare the necessary documents so that everything complies with the rules.

In addition, there are other requirements for this type of certification. They concern, among other things, the ability of controllers to view the place of work of a person who is being monitored. There should not be any barriers to this. However, employees are not allowed to contact observers.

One of the important requirements for timing is that employees must be notified in advance of the upcoming inspection. To initiate certification, the employer must comply with the provisions of labor law.

In the process of collecting data and compiling timing documents, all safety rules in the enterprise should be observed.

If observers have not previously encountered work in a particular department where there is a presence of dangerous equipment, before starting the check, they must.

Also responsible persons are required to know exactly how the timekeeping documents of working time are filled out. If the finished sheet of the chronocard contains errors and blots, the paper will be invalidated.

Main stages

In order to qualitatively conduct the process of attestation of the employee's working time, it is necessary to act according to a certain algorithm. In total, the timing is divided into three main stages:

1. Preparatory when the necessary documentation is prepared, employees are notified and briefings are given to observers;
2. Directly verification stage;
3. findings, which are made on the basis of data from the chronocard. Most often, this procedure is carried out by the head of the enterprise or high-ranking managers.

The process itself is carried out according to a certain scheme. To begin with, inspectors must read the work rules. This will allow you to more clearly determine deviations from the established parameters. Most often, the enterprise already has specific working standards.

If the department is new, timing can be used to identify them. To do this, monitoring is carried out for the best and most advanced employees of the company. Their indicators should become working standards for all employees of the company working in a certain area.

The procedure for measuring working time involves fixing in the document each workflow on which the employee spends time. Here the beginning and end of the period of execution of a separate operation or group of works is recorded.

The task of the observer will be to write to the table all data regarding not only work, but also rest of the employee. There should be a special column where the number of breaks and their duration are noted.

Ultimately, it will be possible to determine exactly how much time was spent on the performance of work duties, how much for rest and preparation for the labor process. Prepared papers are transferred to higher management for consideration, which will draw the final conclusions.

Example

Certification can be carried out not only in relation to ordinary employees, but also to any head of the department, if the chief director needs it. For example, he can initiate a check of the chief accountant's working time.

For this, a paper is drawn up, where the name of the enterprise, the position and full name of the employee, his work experience and length of service are mandatory indicated. Further in the document, the date of the timing is prescribed.

After filling in the upper part of the document, you can move on to the central part, which is convenient to make in the form of a table. Here will be entered information about the beginning and end of measurements with the obligatory name of the operation. The free time of the employee is also fixed, for example, for his personal needs.

The unit of measurement must be minutes. Additional elapsed time can be displayed as a percentage, which will be more convenient for perception.

As an example, you can take the table of timing of the chief accountant's working hours:

• Timing of the working day of the chief accountant of LLC "Company" Ivanova Maria Ivanovna;
• Work experience at the enterprise 10 years.

Date of measurement	Timing object	Duration
		Hour	Minute	Interest
August 19, 2018	Working with a computer and 1C program	3	20	41,7%
	Writing emails	0	40	8,3%
	Telephone conversations	1	00	12,5%
	Participation in meetings	1	00	12,5%
	Waiting for software and system updates	0	15	3,1%
	Workplace preparation and completion	0	10	2%
	Breaks at work (including an hour for a legal lunch)	1	35	19,8%

• Check starts at 9:00;
• Completion of the check 17:00.

Based on this table, it becomes clear that the workload of the chief accountant is quite normal. Working hours are sufficient to carry out the main work, while, at the same time, the employee does not have to work and stay longer than the allotted time to complete your business.

For leisure, including for a legal lunch from 12:00 to 13:00 Chief Accountant gets enough hours and minutes. In such a timing table, it is very convenient that data is entered here not only in time, but also in percentage terms.

Features of filling out the form

In order for the company to conduct timekeeping of working hours, the initiative must come from the manager or from the employee himself which happens quite rarely. At the same time, the management must create an order where inspectors and employees who will pass the certification will be appointed.

All parties should be familiar with this document, as notification of the upcoming timing is a mandatory step such a procedure.

From the side of the law, there are no specific rules for the creation of an order. So the document can be formatted in any form. But the main thing is that there should be the signature and seal of the head. Also, the order specifies the time of the timing, indicates the responsible persons and representatives of the commission.

After all the parties involved in this process are familiar with the document, everyone signs the paper.

An example of filling out the timekeeping form of working hours:

Data collection and interpretation

After that, at the appointed time, you can start collecting data. There is no special form for the timing of working hours. Therefore, you can make it up to your liking. Often in large companies create their own corporate forms.

It is most convenient if the document has table to record all the necessary data. This makes it possible to more effectively draw conclusions and qualitatively interpret the obtained figures.

Final verdict after review will be issued by the head of the enterprise. Timekeeping can show fairly accurate information about how much time is spent on specific jobs in a particular position. This allows you to qualitatively optimize the workflow.

Working hours are great assistant to the head of a department or an entire enterprise. Due to the obtained data, you can successfully control the cost of staff and avoid unnecessary expenses.

Moreover, this method allows accurately identify candidates for dismissal if it is necessary to optimize the work team, as well as create standards for the labor process, which will identify lagging behind and encourage leaders.

Find out more about applying timing from video:

Working time tracking is a way to study the time spent on a particular job by measuring and fixing the duration of the actions that your employees perform. This procedure is carried out in order to analyze the labor process, improve the efficiency of the company's personnel. In order to conduct it, you need to define the timing objects, as well as the units of measurement.

The employer is usually primarily interested in timing the working time of employees, since correctly conducted timing allows you to evaluate and noticeably work to improve the efficiency of staff work, to review work processes. In addition, timing can also be used to:

• assessment of the load of equipment that is used in the labor process;
• evaluating the effectiveness of certain management decisions regarding certain business processes (and subsequently determining the ways for their necessary adjustment, refinement and increase in efficiency).

How to track working hours

The conduct of the timing process itself is very dependent on the purpose of the study and on the work processes being studied. So, for example, if the time planned for the execution of a particular process, determined by the results of timing, should be used in the remuneration system (to determine the amount of wages), then the requirements for the process of timing will differ from the case when the data obtained in the process of timing are determined to calculate the level of utilization of means of production.

Keep in mind that in order to time your working hours, you need to carefully prepare, including warning the relevant people who will be monitored about such events. Further, before conducting timing, it is necessary to determine the method of measuring time and the instruments used for this purpose for measuring time, timing sheets. All these issues should be resolved in advance - this will allow you to achieve your goals when conducting timing.

In general, there are 3 main operations in the organization of timekeeping of working time:

• prepare timing forms. Forms may be designed for a specific position or a specific job function;
• organize the collection of data (it consists in filling out the appropriate forms) regarding the time the employee is at work;
• systematize and analyze the data that were obtained in the process of timing.

When conducting such a process in a company as the timing of the working day, a number of basic rules can be determined:

• The observer of the process must be sufficiently versed in the specifics of the activity he observes to be able to separate and describe the process. In addition, he must master the timing technique.
• The observer must be at the enterprise in such a way as not to interfere with the labor process, not to have any impact on the observed, but must see him well;
• To ensure the continuity of the process, the observer must be impartial, not engage in polemics or discussions with the employees involved in the timing, not take actions that interfere with the procedure or in any way affect its result;
• Observe the terms of the collective agreement, and, if necessary, other regulations of the enterprise regarding informing employees and management about the timing;
• Timing cannot be carried out without warning the objects of observation. Therefore, workers who will be observed during the timekeeping must be warned about the ongoing process and its purpose before starting the study.
• The timing sheet is a document and this should be taken into account when filling out - it should not contain blots and corrections; where possible, recordings should be made using a special technique that does not allow corrections.
• When conducting timing, compliance with safety requirements must be ensured.

The procedure itself consists of certain stages - time intervals, each of which has an initial and final event. The end event of each time step being measured is the start event of the next time step. The start event of each stage of the process is set by the beginning of the first element of the process (for example, the stage is to carve a gear, the start event is to take a gear). The end event of a process step is the end of the last element of the process (for example, putting a gear on a conveyor).

We have described the "classic" timing method. However, timing can also be carried out with the help of special software (if the employee works at a computer most of the time). In addition, earlier the results of observations were read and entered into the forms manually. But now, for the same purposes, as a rule, electronic devices for measuring time are used. This allows you to make the process of measuring time more accurate.

Order of timing of working hours

There is no unified form of the order of working time timing. You need to make an order in free form. It should include the following information:

1. Description of the timing period;
2. Indication of the department or individual employees who will take part in the procedure;
3. Instruction on the formation of a commission for timing (the composition of the commission);
4. An indication of who will record the data, in what order;
5. Deadlines for the transfer of chronometric studies;
6. In what order will the analysis of the data be carried out, who and in what time frame should draw up the final report and provide conclusions about the study.

Correctly monitor and take into account working time helps timing of working time. An example of the use of these records can be found in almost every factory or enterprise where you need to normalize the working day. Time measurements using timing is a way to study the time spent on performing an action. In this case, measurements imply a description technological process, working conditions, production methods.

Measurements will help to fix working hours

Timing as a way of studying working time depends on the conditions for its implementation and the goals for which it is done. For example, the requirements for timekeeping, which will be used to calculate wages and the price of services, differ from those that must be observed when compiling timekeeping to determine the level of staff workload.

The correct measurement of the time spent on the performance of work helps to draw up the correct schedule for recording working hours, as well as to bring the unoccupied capacities of both manpower and used equipment to full load.

Who should deal with the normalization and measurements?

This is usually done by professional standardizers who are trained at enterprises. A well-trained and experienced standardizer is an indispensable employee who helps the management to control the working time of the staff, as well as to properly distribute the workload.

What is the best place to start?

First of all, determine the purpose of the timing. For example, you need it in order to draw up a schedule for recording the working time of an employee whose remuneration does not depend on output, but is made simply on an hourly basis

Remember that such staff is not interested in working faster. There is no incentive to work more efficiently, since the level of wages does not directly depend on this. Therefore, the performance of such employees will also depend on the quality of the timing.

If we talk about large enterprises, then work orders are made for the working staff, which indicates the list of work that the employee must perform. Study it carefully, see which will be implemented. If you don't have an understanding about some kind of work, you need to find such a workflow. Basically, each enterprise has either a technical department or a production department that deals with this. You can contact them with a request to draw up a technological map, as well as consult on the work to be performed.

After you have decided on the list of works and the order in which they are performed, it is necessary to draw up a description of the work processes that will be measured. Make up the criteria that you need to focus on when measuring: determine the start point of the process and the point at which the process will end, the use of working time, the cyclical work, and other nuances.

After collecting all the necessary theoretical information, proceed to the measurements. You will need pre-prepared timing forms, or you can keep notes in a draft (this is more convenient to make comments on the records).

The regulation commission must observe

It is necessary for more than one person to fix working hours - examples of such fixing will not be completely objective, since an employee, being without additional control, can delay the work process. It is recommended to measure time with the participation of representatives of the technical management ( production department). They will control the correctness and sequence of work. It is also recommended to invite representatives of the management of the service whose employee is measuring the use of working time. Believe me, when he sees such a commission, he will immediately work much more productively, and he will be less tempted to try to outsmart you.

When taking measurements, you need to be careful. There are works that are carried out in a cycle. And there are those that happen only once. In works that are done in a cycle (for example, cutting pipes), not all work can be taken into account for each such cycle. Preparation of the workplace, setting up the machine and other equipment, installing cutters - after measurements, all these works will need to be evenly divided into each part that was produced.

Workflow cycles

Then you need to correctly fill out the form with measurements. In order to do this, you can use the following example of filling in the timing of working hours. It is not difficult to compile it if you understand the basic principles of measurements. At the same time, the process should be divided into periods of working time: operational, maintenance, preparatory and final stages, and it is also worth considering the time for rest and own needs.

Operational time of work - the period of time that it took the worker to complete the tasks. This paragraph takes into account the period of time that the worker would need if he did not leave workplace, would not be distracted, and all the equipment would be in one place and already in operation.

The maintenance time of the production process consists of the time spent on auxiliary work, which is necessary so that the production process does not stop. For example, replace equipment that has worn out, change a damaged drill, replace engine oil, and the like.

The preparatory and final stage includes preparatory operations, setting up devices and other work to prepare the workplace. The following example of filling in the timing of working hours will help you correctly write down all the values.

By conducting a detailed analysis of records by measurements, you will find work that is not included in the workflow flow chart. Also, they cannot be included in the list.

What is not related to the process of performing work must be excluded. Basically, these are moments such as: conversations on mobile phone, performing related work, performing urgent instructions from management and other activities not related to the performance of the measured work.

How to fill out the form correctly?

In order to grammatically display the measurements, it is necessary to draw up the timing of the working time. The form and an example of its completion are given below.

Work code	Name of the workflow	Name and serial number timing					Mean
		12.01.15	13.01.15	13.01.15	13.01.15	14.01.15
		1	2	3	4	5
		Duration, s
1	Get a job from the master	40	15	15	15	38	24,6
2	Bring a pipe from the warehouse	61	24	24	24	55	37,6
3	Prepare a workplace	65	21	21	21	74	40,4
4	Set up the machine	41	17	17	17	60	30,4
5	Prepare machine for cutting	20	9	9	9	25	14,4
6	cut pipe	25	15	17	21	17	19,0
7	Put pieces in place	10	12	10	11	12	11,0
8	Clean machine and clean work area	35	10	10	10	27	18,4
9	Hand over the work to the master	40	17	17	17	30	24,2
Total	seconds	337,0	140,0	140,0	145,0	338,0	220,0

As the sample of filling in the timing of working hours shows, the type of pipe cutting work was measured. Three measurements were taken on the same day. Since they were produced in a row, the worker did not spend time on each part to receive a task from the master, go to the warehouse for pipes, prepare the workplace, etc. Therefore, the time spent on the first part for these types of work is divided into two others measurement.

You want to display the average value in man-hours

After the measurements are taken, the average value is displayed. According to the data shown this sample filling the timing of working time, the average duration of such work is 220 seconds. If converted to hours, you get 0.061 people / hour.

When scheduling labor day you can use this data. For example, if you want to load an employee 100% with this work, then you can calculate how many pipes he should cut. If we consider that the working day consists of eight hours, then:

8: 0.061 = 131.15 pcs.

It turns out that the worker must cut pipes about 131 times.

Consider all factors when doing work

This is a straightforward calculation and approach to measuring working time. But when planning for an employee, there are other factors to consider. A person simply physically cannot, like a robot, stand at the machine 8 hours a day. He will be absent for personal needs, rest, from which the timing of working time may be distorted. An example is the following: complex work at least 5 minutes of rest after each hour of work is required at the machine.

The skill of a particular employee also plays a significant role. It is necessary to take measurements from several workers in order to derive the real one. You cannot be guided by the results of one “experimental” one. If we talk about locksmiths, turners, repairmen, then the following pattern is often observed: the higher his discharge, the faster they do the work. An important role is played by the experience of the employee.

Other temporary losses

There are various types of lost time. For example, a locksmith can cut records, and someone from another service will come to him and ask for some tools or help to do some urgent work that cannot be postponed.

Usually such losses are difficult to describe. It is best to derive the wastage factor and multiply it by the norm of time, thereby giving employees the opportunity to take a breath while working.

For example, at enterprises that are engaged in the production of parts in workshops, rationing allow 8-10% loss of time when rationing the working day and take them into account in the schedule.

Also, before filling out the final timing, it is recommended to read all the footnotes in the already approved standard time standards - usually they describe the nuances that need to be taken into account, and describe the features of the rationing of a particular work.