How to start a business on a sewer machine. Do I need a license to operate a sewer truck

* Calculations use average data for Russia

A business based on serving individuals and businesses can be very profitable. If we consider sewage services, it turns out that such an unattractive type of entrepreneurship at first glance can bring a lot of money to the organizer. There is always a demand for such services, it fluctuates slightly, which means that stability and not too high a risk level can be expected. However, in any city there are already companies that are already engaged in such activities, so a newcomer will have to put in a lot of effort and spend a lot of time in order to take their place in the market. But at the same time, you should not think that there is no chance to start your own business if several competing companies are already operating, because not every one of them offers a full range of services, and not every company performs its duties with high quality at the best prices. That is, having studied the market, you can understand your possible weaknesses and strengths.

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In order to get started, you need to contact the local tax office, where you need to register a business entity. Formally, the activity of a sewer falls under the definition of other services for the population, but in the process of work, you will have to somehow deal with the disposal of the collected waste. And here a rare enterprise has the ability to neutralize such substances, to work in this direction you will have to spend a lot of effort and money on registration and obtaining licenses, you will need to obtain permits for the operation of the site where the burials will take place, so it is advisable to simply contact a third-party company, who will be doing this work. That is, to find an outsourcer for this business process. Therefore, after completing all the bureaucratic procedures, it is worth finding a company that is ready to accept waste for disposal and conclude a permanent service agreement with it. The cost of services is usually not too high, especially if you contact the public service, usually with long-term cooperation you can even count on a symbolic price, since such enterprises accept waste from all firms and individuals. In connection with local waste management programs, permits may be obtained for intermediary services to remove hazardous substances from the site. For example, the cost of the contract per year will be no more than 10 thousand rubles, usually even an order of magnitude less - 2-3 thousand rubles, depending on the region. When the contract with the company is concluded, you can contact the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (also known as the Ministry of Natural Resources). There, on the basis of the capacities at the disposal of the entrepreneur and, most importantly, the concluded agreement with the municipal service, a permit for the removal of waste will be issued. Note that the process of waste disposal does not affect the entrepreneur himself - his car arrives at the disposal enterprise, dumps the collected waste and leaves the territory - this is where her mission ends.

When all issues are resolved, you can finally start looking for a place to work. Here it should be noted that it does not always make sense to have your own office, because customers order a car that just arrives at the place, it is unlikely that any negotiations will have to be carried out, only if there are no orders for constant service from any large enterprises. That is, you can rent an office somewhere in an inexpensive quarter of the city, where employees dealing with administrative and organizational issues will work. However, at first you can do without your office. On the other hand, if you open a large enterprise that contains a large number of special vehicles and offers its customers a variety of services, then you will need to find a site where you can build a car service station and garages. Much here, of course, depends on certain factors, but since we are considering the option of opening a small company that has one car, we will focus on renting a small office somewhere in a residential area. Here you have to count on an amount of about 500 thousand rubles per square meter of area, that is, a small office of 20 m 2 will cost 10 thousand rubles. Another 50-100 thousand will need to be spent on furniture and appliances.

The next important point is the purchase of equipment. The most important thing is the purchase of a car, which is designed for pumping wastewater. Finding such a transport, in general, is not a problem, today there are many offers both from manufacturers who offer new vehicles, and from previous users who offer used equipment. A businessman chooses what is more important for him - savings or the quality of his transport, it is clear that new cars are under warranty service, and there should be no problems with them for the first few years of working, while, when purchasing equipment that has already been in operation, the buyer runs the risk of service problems. The cost of a car can vary greatly depending on the manufacturer and year of manufacture. The minimum price is about 600-700 thousand rubles, but the average amount for a good car is one and a half million rubles. Good transport is sold at a price of more than 3 million rubles. Additionally, you need to buy the tank itself, into which waste will be collected, as well as small equipment for cleaning pipes and servicing drainage systems. The cost of a tank starts from 100 thousand rubles - this is for a typical volume of 10 cubic meters, there are both smaller and larger products, so here the entrepreneur chooses exactly the equipment that suits him in terms of the format of work. As a result, a fully equipped car will cost 200 thousand rubles - that is, along with the cost of medium transport, the entrepreneur will have to allocate 1.7 million. It is also worth noting that this is the cost of a simple sewage machine that pumps waste from private small plots; for example, a sludge suction machine, which is designed for more complex cleaning, costs significantly more if you take into account its complete set. However, such transport may be needed in the case of developing your own business, that is, at first you do not need to purchase such installations. But later, when the client base has been built up and the entrepreneur has earned a positive reputation, the purchase of such equipment will become a new stage in the development of his own enterprise. Even then, it is worth thinking about opening your own car fleet with service. It must be said that it does not always make sense to immediately buy a large volume tank, because at first customers are unlikely to make large orders, and a large tank means high maintenance costs. Therefore, many start with a car that can pump out no more than 5 cubic meters of waste at a time. The cost of a tank for 3-4 cubic meters is 50-70 thousand rubles. Hence the principle of pricing - the calculation of how much waste was pumped out is not made, the customer pays for the call itself; Many companies charge hourly rates. And here a small car can, due to the fact that it costs the entrepreneur cheaper in its maintenance, not cost so much per hour for the client. Thus, the client orders a car for his site, the specialists come and carry out the procedure within a relatively short time.

Next, for work, you need to find employees who are ready to deal with such an unpleasant business. Be that as it may, there are not too many people who want to work in this area, hence the relatively high level of wages. 2 people come to a standard call, one of whom is also a transport driver. The salary level of each employee is from 30 thousand rubles, they also receive some small percentage of each order, so that in the end their salary is at least 50 thousand. Of course, depending on the region, these figures may vary, but the average level is as follows. Ideally, you need to have 4 employees so that you can work on any day of the week, but usually at first, during the development of your company, there are not too many orders, so employees can only go to work as needed. Subsequently, it will be possible to understaff. In addition to these specialists, it is necessary to recruit administrative staff who work with clients and organize processes. In general, at first, again, there is no critical need for such employees, and the entrepreneur or founders can independently deal with all these issues. At the same time, all business processes that are not related to making a profit by the organization can be outsourced. The most striking example is bookkeeping, because hiring a full-time accountant will cost a considerable amount every month, but outsourcers are unlikely to require more than 5 thousand rubles a month with this format of activity. If we take into account two office workers, then they will have to allocate a maximum of 25 thousand rubles for salaries - that is, another 50 thousand.

Now we need to dwell in more detail on the principle of organizing a business. Sanitation services, in essence, are a whole range of activities, and an enterprise can offer its customers a comprehensive service for sewer systems. However, the simplest thing is just pumping out wastewater, and this is what a start-up company is doing. Developing, you can switch to pipeline cleaning services, repair them, install septic tanks and change them. It is rare that you will have to stay at an average site for more than an hour, but you also need to calculate the time it will take to travel there and back, as well as to dump waste. Thus, one machine cannot fulfill too many orders per day, even 5-7 orders per day is quite a lot. The productivity of an average car is 3 cubic meters per hour, it takes at least another hour to get to the place of call and return back. If a small tank was bought, then with private orders, you will have to go to the waste disposal point almost daily. Larger vehicles can work on a slightly tighter schedule, so the daily income from them can be quite good.

Let's calculate the starting capital:

Registration - 20 thousand rubles (legal entity).

Waste disposal agreement for a year - 10 thousand rubles.

Office rent for six months and equipment - 110 thousand rubles.

Buying a car - 1.5 million.

Sewage tank and equipment - 200 thousand rubles.

• Salary - from 100 thousand rubles.

Total: 1 million 940 thousand rubles, rounded can be taken equal to 2 million.

Savings can be achieved by buying used equipment. The amount of monthly expenses is 110-120 thousand rubles (including outsourcing services and office rent). The cost of one call starts at about 500 rubles, and this is only if a small car is called. Since there is no difference in how much waste was collected by the machine, the entrepreneur always receives a fixed amount from one order. At the same time, large cars (that is, with a tank of more than 5 cubic meters) are already more expensive - from 1 to 2 thousand rubles per call or hour of work. At the same time, you need to understand that more than half of this amount goes to cover expenses, because you need to pay for fuel for the car. And, in fact, some more part goes to the workers themselves. So to cover your expenses you have to take on a large number of orders; so, if even only 2 people work at the enterprise, then with an order value of 2 thousand rubles (the average indicator is taken into account - that is, at some objects it is possible to earn more due to the duration of work) you need at least three orders per day (taking into account the five-day working week) to fulfill to cover their expenses. If you fulfill 4 orders on average per day, then the income will be 176 thousand rubles, and the operating profit will be 56 thousand rubles. Net profit after taxes - 47.6 thousand rubles per month (according to the simplified taxation system). Be that as it may, it will hardly be possible to classify this business as an entrepreneurship with too high profitability rates (in our example, no more than 30%). The payback period of such a project also cannot be called short - from 3 years, subject to the purchase of good equipment. But there are development prospects here, and with a successful organization, it will be possible after a considerable time, but to count on a good profit.

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Matthias Laudanum
(c) - a portal of business plans and guides for starting a small business.

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Today, many citizens are interested in where to dump waste? A fine for illegal discharge into the sewer is the responsibility that violators have to bear.

1. Where do waste disposal trucks go?
2. Penalty for illegal sewage disposal
3. Where to drain waste from the dry closet in the country?
4. Draining household waste into the sewer

Where do waste disposal trucks go?

In accordance with sanitary and epidemiological standards, waste must be taken to special discharge stations. Such stations should be located at a distance of at least 500 meters from residential buildings.

At aeration stations, they receive free of charge effluents that are obtained from sedimentation tanks and cesspools and then they are cleaned.

But often contractors, without taking the sewage to the treatment facilities, dump it anywhere. Vacuum trucks drain stinking liquids into the heating main, wells, simply onto the ground or into reservoirs where it is deserted. Drainage of chemical waste generates a fetid odor and worsens the ecological situation, especially in nearby villages. Drainage of waste into the river leads to the deterioration of water quality.

Penalty for illegal sewage disposal

Contractors illegally carry out the removal of waste, both from residential buildings and from production facilities that are not connected to the sewerage system. The number of illegal contractors is increasing at an alarming rate. Illegal discharge leads to disruption of the normal operation of the wastewater system. In addition, people and cars can accidentally fall into wells that are open. And if fecal sewage, waste from a country toilet, ends up in a city water supply system, it can lead to an environmental disaster.

Wastewater is inevitably produced as a result of the work of industrial enterprises and in everyday life. Their assignment is carried out, as a rule, in the soil or in reservoirs. At the same time, in accordance with legislative norms, they must be cleaned to specific standards from the harmful impurities that they contain.

For the discharge of wastewater onto objects of nature, which are not treated, are now quite substantial. In addition, they are raised from time to time.

The main document that determines the fine for illegal discharge of sewage in the forest and other places is the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

In accordance with Article 8.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, legal entities and citizens who ignore environmental requirements that are imposed on the need to collect, accumulate, transport, place industrial waste, substances that destroy the ozone layer, or other hazardous substances, should be punished.

There are the following penalties for illegal discharge of sewers:

• for citizens - from 1 to 2 thousand rubles;
• for individual entrepreneurs - from 30 to 50 thousand rubles. or suspension of work for up to 90 days;
• for officials - from 10 to 30 thousand rubles;
• for legal entities - from 100 to 250 thousand rubles or suspension of production activities for up to 90 days.

In order not to pay a fine for dumping waste, it is necessary to ensure their necessary cleaning. This applies to industrial, trade enterprises of industry, catering organizations, social and household areas and housing and communal services, as well as owners of cottages and summer cottages. For this, modern facilities and devices designed for cleaning should be used.

Where to drain waste from the dry closet in the country?

Disposal methods are determined by the filler used in the form of a splitting substance, the scheme of operation and the design of the equipment. So, a peat dry closet is a rational option for the agrotechnical scheme of the site, if the owners like to grow their own vegetables.

Peat is layered with waste that enters the tank. As a result, they gradually become organic fertilizer as compost.

For further ripening, it is placed in a special compost pit, where shells, peelings, grass, tops are also placed. So there are no problems with cleaning the tank.
Tanks of chemical dry closets should be placed where it is possible to drain waste into one of the branches related to the main sewer. Cassette dry closets collect all waste in a special impermeable container. Waste can be dumped into a compost pit. The used cassette can be washed and reused.

Drains of household waste into the sewer

Discharge of household waste into the sewer can be carried out using special industrial systems. They effectively clean surface runoff, and at the outlet are endowed with designs that allow them to be discharged into the environment. If you use them, then penalties for discharge into the sewer will not be assigned.

For organizations in the food industry, the problem of accumulation of various fats in their wastewater is especially significant.

It is solved with the help of special special equipment - grease traps. These products perform separation directly from oil and fat drains up to the standards set by environmental laws.

Each of us wants to earn good money, but not everyone knows how to do it. There are many different ways, but it's always best to work for yourself. One of the ways to make money in the service market is the sewage business. It would seem that it could be easier - to buy a car with a barrel, and the job is done. But no, as in any other business, there are pitfalls here, which is the purpose of this article to tell you.

Business pros and cons

Of course, not everyone agrees to work with human waste and other obscenities. But given the relatively low competition in the market for these services, it's worth it. Also, the undoubted advantages of the sewage business include low labor costs. If you have certain skills, you can do it yourself, without resorting to the services of hired workers. But it is worth remembering that there are different cars: there are vacuum trucks based on passenger Gazelles, and there are cargo vacuum trucks, in order to drive which, you need to retrain, at least to category C1, and if the truck is more than 7.5 tons, then category C.

The disadvantages of the sewage business include a number of key points necessary to start this business, which we will discuss below.

Business registration

Naturally, in order to open your own business, the first thing to do is to register with the tax authority. Whatever form of enterprise you open, be it an individual entrepreneurship, a limited liability company or any other form of activity, you must comply with current legislation, since the basis for future earnings will be the concluded agreements with enterprises. And without proper documents, no one will deal with you. You can, of course, survive on the crumbs, serving the private population, other dacha cooperatives. But this is far from the idea of ​​a really working business.

Choice of legal form

So, in the modern world, there is nothing easier than registering yourself as an individual entrepreneur. The easiest way is to submit a notification in the appropriate section of your personal account on the website of the federal tax service Nalog.ru. If this is not possible, we go to the nearest tax authority and submit an application.

It is important to remember that when registering an individual entrepreneur, you can choose a special tax regime: a single tax on imputed income (UIDV) or a patent. The main disadvantages of UTII include the fact that the scope of activities in which it can be applied is very limited. A patent, on the other hand, has a limited list of activities with which it can be applied. However, if you have a friend or one of the relatives wants to show indifference, then you can register a limited liability company. This organizational and legal form, of course, gives a greater advantage in terms of an extensive list of clients, various forms of ownership. But it is difficult to maintain a more serious accounting.

OKVED codes

When registering, do not forget to indicate OKVED codes. It's either 37.00 - wastewater collection and treatment, or 38.21 - treatment and disposal of non-hazardous waste (this will help you save a little on disposal).

Required documents

Of course, do not forget that for registration you need a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, a taxpayer identification number (TIN), as well as the necessary receipts for payment of state duty. In the case of registration of a legal entity - a certificate of an account with a balance of at least 10 thousand rubles.

Vacuum truck options

So, half the work is done. Now the most important thing remains - the choice of a tool for work. That is, the choice of a cesspool car. Conventionally, they can be classified into several groups:

Automobile	Vehicle category	Tonnage	Note
Gazelle and other light trucks	AT	Up to 3.5 tons	Considering the weight itself, the volume of sewage taken away is not large, only a cube or 1.5.
Medium-duty trucks (GAZ, ZIL, Valdai and others)	C1	Up to 7.5 tons	They can transport up to 3.5 cubic meters of wastewater.
Trucks, including all-terrain vehicles	FROM	From 7.5 tons	Unprofitable for small volumes of transportation, as well as in small towns and on narrow streets.

It follows that you need to select a car for work strictly for your planned place of earnings. Since the prices for cars-vacuum trucks vary significantly. From 150 thousand rubles for a light-tonnage truck in an acceptable condition for work, up to 1 million rubles for the same one, just left the assembly line. It is also worth considering future breakdowns, and in connection with this, the availability of services, as well as auto parts stores. Therefore, in Central Russia it is more profitable to use domestic cars, and in Primorye you can pick up a good-quality foreign car. Everything depends on the market.

Which car to choose?

And yet what car to choose. Considering the huge prevalence of domestic trucks, the best choice to start a business would be a medium tonnage vehicle. You can again try your luck on a small sewer, but you need to understand that you will not see large orders. Yes, and hiring a driver for such a car is simply an unreasonable waste of money, unless you have a driver's license.

Huge trucks are used in industrial enterprises where it is necessary to immediately remove and dispose of a large amount of wastewater. Therefore, a truck with 3 - 3.5 cc barrels will be the best start. The average price for such used cars is from 200 thousand rubles for pretty shabby cars to 500 - 600 thousand for quite decent copies. The main sewers are built from concrete rings with an average capacity of 1 cubic meter. It is rare that anyone manages to find a 3-5 cubic iron barrel. That is why the most justified acquisition is a 3.5 cc truck. In extreme cases, come to the client again. Moreover, the cost is taken for the volume, and not for the car. I bought a car, what do I need for it? Check the hoses, but it is better to buy new ones right away. Watching a person work with hoses decomposed from time to time, spilling around a puddle of sewage, is a very pitiful sight.

Vacuum truck 3.7 cubic meters based on GAZ

Is staff needed?

Next, you need to take care of the office for receiving orders. You can, of course, arrange an office in the cab of your sewer. But few people will take this seriously as a serious business. Also, in the case of the formation of a legal entity, it is necessary to have at least one accountant. And preferably - an operator to work with the client base.

Drainage place for vacuum trucks

Now about where to put all that “good” that you diligently downloaded? You need to conclude an agreement with a treatment plant in your city. Usually they are managed by the Gorvodokanal, or ZhEK. Of course, they can refuse you the contract, but you will drain fecal water for neutralization also not free of charge. On average, such an agreement will cost 10-15 thousand rubles a year. Agree, not such a huge amount, given the pumping price from the consumer 500-700 rubles per cubic meter. You can, of course, pour sewage into the nearest ditch, and wait for environmentalists to catch you. It happens that dishonest people use it to drain the dump of household waste. But from a moral point of view, it's just disgusting. Therefore, we conclude a contract for recycling and boldly get to work.

Features of customer search

Let's not forget about advertising. Writing your phone number on your own vacuum truck is the minimum that needs to be done. Place an ad in the newspaper. You can spend a little more and put a ticker on television, many local channels practice this. These are mandatory measures that you need to spend money on at the initial stage of the business. It is necessary to personally find large amounts of work. Given that large orders are currently bidding You also need to have knowledge in this area. In order not to miss the most "delicious pies". After all, you can conclude a contract and discuss one or more enterprises for a whole year, and even earn extra money on the periphery.

How much money do you need to start

So let's sum it up. How much start-up capital is required to start a sewage business:

• registration actions and other fees - an average of 15 thousand rubles;
• the main tool is a car vacuum truck. An average of 500 thousand rubles;
• driver's salary - 30 thousand rubles a month. Here you can save money if you work yourself;
• the salary of an accountant is 20 thousand rubles a month. Of course, if you are an individual entrepreneur, then you can hire an accountant temporarily, at the end of the quarter, to submit reports to the tax office. This will also be a plus for savings;
• salary to the operator (call center) - 15 thousand rubles. If you have a small business, then both the driver and the call operator will be you. Another plus for savings;
• for fuels and lubricants, as well as often in the event of a breakdown, it is necessary to lay about 50 thousand rubles.

So, for a reliable start, you need at least 630 - 650 thousand rubles of initial capital.

Business payback and how much you can earn

But how to earn? It has already been stipulated above that, on average, pumping out 1 cubic meter of fecal water costs 500-700 rubles. Considering the average area of ​​settlements, you can load a 3.5 cubic meter owl car in 1 hour. So, in an 8-hour day, if you have a good customer base and constant orders, you will make 8 flights. Having made some simple calculations, we get 16,800 rubles a day. In a month with days off - already 504 thousand rubles. Minus the already indicated expenses for wages, taxes, and we get a pretty decent amount. Taking into account all of the above, it turns out that the average payback of a business in a large city will be no more than three months, in small towns - about six months.

Conclusion

As the classic said: “All works are good. Take your pick." And if you dare to try yourself in the sewage business, go for it. You just need to remember that in any business there are pitfalls.

You can start a sewage business with 500 thousand rubles. This is how much a used GAZ-3309 2007 car will cost. You can earn about 400 thousand rubles with it. per year, if you work in a locality where at least 10 thousand people live. The only difficulty is that sewage services are quite popular, so the competition in this area is high. Although during the season, the population usually complains that it is not easy to order a car to perform a service.

Before you start

Business is quite specific not only because of the subject of entrepreneurial activity. The fact is that it is profitable to offer sewage services only where there is a large private sector. This is the only way to ensure a high flow of customers. But it is important to consider the level of competition. Such services are offered by housing and communal services, but the main competitors are the drivers who work for them at the rate. They often use a vacuum truck outside the main office, and therefore carry out cleaning at dumping prices.

Many entrepreneurs are also embarrassed that it is difficult to “wash off” such activities. In fact, modern hygiene products and equipment that absorb all odors are used for work today. Therefore, outside of work, nothing will indicate the nature of your business.

Service list

According to statistics, there are about 45 million homes in the country that need sewage services. Therefore, the market potential is great. When opening such a business, the business plan should include cleaning services for such points:

• dry closets;
• pools;
• car washes;
• cellars;
• faecal wells;
• settling tanks;
• sewerage systems;
• cesspools;
• septic tanks.

The biggest income can be obtained during the summer season, working in popular resorts. The main customers for this period will be summer cafes and recreation areas equipped with dry closets. At this time, a profitable business can be built even on a rented car. As a rule, a vacuum truck can be rented for $15-20 per day.

The cost of services is formed depending on the type of pumping, volumes, as well as where it is offered. For example, pumping out a sewer pit up to 4 m 3 costs 500-1000 rubles if the process is carried out inside the settlement. The cost for the settlement is calculated based on the mileage. The cost of a large volume is also calculated - based on how many walkers the car will have to do and how much mileage to cover.

Vehicle selection

If you want to build a long-term and profitable business, include the purchase of imported equipment in your business plan. Moreover, it is recommended to pay attention to Japanese-made cars. Of course, at the start, this will increase costs by two or three times, but in the end you will only win. The main advantages of such machines are:

1. Economical fuel consumption. Japanese cars run on diesel fuel, practically not using it during pumping.
2. Convenient hose length. A special automatic hose folding system allows you to install a hose up to 100 meters, which greatly expands the capabilities of the car.
3. Quality and reliability. The Japanese car tank is galvanized and equipped with partitions, which increases its service life. It also has a measuring window, which allows you to accurately monitor the filling of the tank. The operation of the pump is supported by a reliable cooling and lubrication system, which is not available on domestic machines. Therefore, the Japanese vacuum truck will never let you down at the most inopportune moment.

If we talk about the cost, then such a machine for 11m 3 will cost about 5 million rubles. If you take a used one and not the last years of production, then you can meet one and a half million. If your financial plan does not involve such significant expenses, you can get by with the domestic GAZ 3307 2000, which in a used condition will cost about 180 thousand rubles. You need to purchase a set of equipment for it, which will cost another 120 thousand rubles.

Legal nuances

In order to officially offer sewage services, you need to register your activity. In this case, it is enough to register an individual entrepreneur, since the bulk of the clients will be individuals. When registering, you must indicate the OKVED code "Sewage disposal and other similar activities." If possible, it is advisable to apply for UTII if you plan to work independently without hiring additional labor. Otherwise, it is better to use the USN.

When drawing up a business plan, keep in mind that a special permit is required for this activity. After all, the pumped out waste must be disposed of in some way, and it is categorically contraindicated to drain it where it will have to be. They merge into an exclusively central collector, for which you need to obtain permission from the administration or housing and communal services, having drawn up an appropriate agreement with them. It costs from 2 thousand rubles. for a month or more.

Possible profit

How profitable the business will be depends on how many houses in your area that require sewage services. If you take, for example, that your area covers about a thousand private houses, this means that about a third of them may be your customers for the next month. This is about 300 clients per month or 3600 per year. With an average cost of this kind of service of 700 rubles, your potential income for the year will be about 2.5 million rubles. But this figure is relevant under the condition of low competition or its complete absence, which is practically unrealistic. As a rule, 2-3 machines are already operating in such regions, so the potential profit should be divided by the number of operating machines. As a result, your income may be about 600 thousand rubles. in a year.

From this figure it is necessary to subtract the consumption of fuel and fuels and lubricants for car maintenance. If you use domestic gas in your work, count on 25 liters of diesel fuel for every 100 km. If it runs on gasoline, this is about 35 liters.

Development prospects

There are several ways to optimize your business in a highly competitive environment. For example, if several similar machines operate in your region, you can simultaneously offer maintenance services for this type of equipment. True, this will require additional investments for the purchase of special equipment, inventory and tools. But this will allow you to reach a wide audience of customers.

But you can develop your business towards cleaning services. Many experts recommend purchasing a sludge suction machine in addition. It will allow offering services for cleaning wells and sewer networks from sludge, transporting process water and other non-aggressive liquids. This service can be even more profitable. But at the start it will require at least 2 million rubles. to buy a car.

The search for a new business idea often limits the entrepreneur's thinking to selling a common product, providing a typical service, or manufacturing a standard product. Real commercial success is achieved by people with an atypical vision of the market and consumer needs. Creating a new segment, not expanding existing niches. Suffice it to recall the first travel agency opened by the legendary Thomas Cook in 1841, or the first fast food store launched in Kansas in 1921. The companies that pioneered the industry did not follow the trends of the market, but created market segments on their own, ahead of understanding the needs. These segments include the sewage business.

Brief business analysis:
Business setup costs:from 19 thousand dollars
Relevant for cities with a population:from 20 thousand people
Situation in the industry:average competition
The complexity of organizing a business: 2/5
Payback: 10-14 months

Business Relevance

The profession of a goldsmith - the so-called sewage cleaners - has existed for a long time. Until the beginning of the Great Industrial Revolution, cities were not equipped with sewage systems, sewage was poured directly onto the streets. Vacuum cleaners offered the residents of settlements a service that they did not know was necessary, although there was a demand: it remained to offer such a service. Thus, from ancient times until the beginning of the 20th century, sewers replaced the lack of sewage, limiting the spread of sewage.

In today's time, the functions of the raker have not changed much, except that the range has expanded. Vacuum trucks are also needed where there is no centralized sewerage, in addition, former gold miners perform work on cleaning pipelines, tanks of various kinds. Cleaning works are carried out for:

• construction, repair companies;
• owners of dry closets, public closets;
• public utilities serving pipelines;
• residents of the private sector;
• municipal contractors responsible for infrastructure operation.

Demand for the services of a sewer is noted where private households predominate, as well as in large cities, penetrated by pipelines far and wide. The economic component also speaks in favor of the choice of this direction: works related to recycling services imply greater freedom for the entrepreneur in determining tariffs.

Consequently, the risks of conducting operations are minimized, and the impact on the final profit is increased. No wonder there are rumors that buyers and processors of waste paper, plastic, glass work with a profitability exceeding 100-200 per annum. Such figures are often true.

Types of sewage services

The availability of the necessary equipment involves the implementation of a large range of works, including:

• pumping, removal, disposal of sewers;
• cleaning of dry closets, pumping out sewage;
• cleaning of cesspools, drains of automatic car washes, pits, garages;
• pumping out wells;
• elimination of blockages of pipelines, cleaning of pipes;
• storm drain cleaning.

The expediency of acquiring equipment directly depends on factors such as: the location of the contracting company, the existence of contractual relationships, the competitive environment. A small company can deal exclusively with pumping, disposal of cesspools in rural areas, a large company offers comprehensive services, covering the maximum range of work.

Business organization

Even with the seeming attractiveness, ease of doing a new business, a business plan is needed that takes into account the characteristics of a particular market, the risks of commercial activity, the presence of competitors with a description of the services of the latter. There is no reason to offer dry closet service to a village with a population of 10-20 thousand people. As well as a multi-storey microdistrict, there is no need to clean cesspools. Market analysis will determine the degree of demand for works from a potential audience.

The principal factor is that sewage disposal services are often traditionally provided by state-owned enterprises, which is a big plus for a private entrepreneur. Municipal contractors are characterized by low speed of work, quality of service, workers of such institutions are often unsociable, untidy, poorly educated. For a businessman, such qualities are additional chances in the conduct of competition.

An entrepreneur who has not worked in this segment before, who does not fully understand the nuances of the case, can start with a simple one - servicing private households to clean cesspools. Preliminary research, market analysis includes the following stages:

1. Identification of the market volume. According to statistics, a person generates 1.3 cubic meters. m of sewage monthly. With an average size of a private household of 2.6 people, a sewage truck draws 5.07 cubic meters of a septic tank every one and a half months. The average market value of one fence for the minimum threshold for entering the business requires the presence of 90 houses in need of cleaning services.
2. Description of the competitive environment. An entrepreneur is obliged to know the competitors “by sight”: to study the technique, competitive advantages, and the cost of services for certain. In this type of commerce, information about competitors is a key factor that will allow you to properly organize the business.
3. Carrying out zoning. The settlement consists of administrative territories that differ in the number of households, accessibility, coverage of competitors. It is advisable to cover the area where the least competitive resistance is determined, the largest number of interested consumers.
4. Registration. Despite the relative simplicity of the sewage business, the preparation of the necessary documentation often takes a lot of time.
5. Conclusion of contracts. The stage includes two dependent areas: the entrepreneur needs a contract for the discharge of septic tanks with treatment organizations, as well as contracts with households - consumers of the service. Activity is not possible in the absence of one or the other type of contracts.
6. Acquisition of technology. The equipment is purchased after the businessman has signed contracts with service consumers, sewage processors. The most costly stage, so by this time the risks of doing business are minimized.
7. Hiring staff. Despite the simplicity, it is recommended to treat with responsibility the conclusion of an employment contract with the driver-operator of a sewage truck. Professional, communication qualities of an employee directly affect the result.

Necessary equipment and car park

It is difficult to choose a car due to the large number of offers of new and previously used equipment. The range of offers is from 2-3 to several tens of thousands of USD. Therefore, they approach the choice of the main means of labor carefully and measuredly. As the first vacuum truck, a used vacuum truck that is in good technical condition is suitable. When choosing, purchasing a car, attention is paid to quality characteristics:

• tank capacity. At least 6 cu. m, since one exit involves the collection of at least 5.07 cubic meters of sewage. Most vehicles are equipped with 8.5-9 m 3 tanks. A tank with a capacity of 11-12 cubic meters will allow two samplings, thus saving time, increasing efficiency.
• Fuel consumption. Less is better.
• Condition, productivity of the vacuum pump. Along with the presence of a car, the speed and quality of work depend on the performance of the installed pump. Pump with a productivity of 400-500 cubic meters. m / h will fill the tank in 5-10 minutes.
• The length of the sleeve. The accessibility of the cesspool is often limited by terrain features, so the minimum length of the hose is 15 meters. Old models of vacuum trucks are equipped with hoses 6-8 meters long, such sleeves are subject to replacement or additional equipment.
• Availability of a guarantee. After buying a used car, hidden defects are often revealed, a warranty contract with a refund obligation will minimize the risks. New cars come with a 2-3 year warranty by default.

Staff

It is possible that in the process of searching for contractors, a businessman will have to face difficulties, the nature of which is the moral and ethical aspect of the profession. The profession of a vacuum cleaner is not prestigious; the operator of a vacuum cleaner has specific requirements for personal hygiene. The advantage of the profession is the combination of the position of a driver and an operator of a pumping unit. Due to this, the entrepreneur saves financial resources when hiring a performer, while the latter receives a higher salary than when dividing positions.

At the initial stage, it is allowed to attract one hired employee with a category C driver's license (trucks weighing over 7.5 tons). The operator is instructed in safety when working with pumping equipment. In a competitive environment, the employee possesses the qualities that distinguish the operator from colleagues: eye-catching uniform, communication skills, professionalism.

Business registration

The specifics of the sewage business does not imply stages that make registration difficult: such activities are not licensed, doing business does not entail obtaining additional permits. The mandatory requirements of entrepreneurial activity include permissions from Rospotrebnadzor, fire control authorities. Additionally, for a private entrepreneur - registration of just such a subject is appropriate - it is necessary to issue:

• permission from the local government. Sewage merges into the central distribution collector, which is under the jurisdiction of the district municipality or housing and communal services.
• Waste Disposal Agreement. Under such a contract, sewage is merged, the entrepreneur pays for the service according to the agreed tariff.
• Labor contract with the driver-operator of the sewer. The businessman is responsible for the life and health of the hired worker during the work shift. The labor contract regulates the parties of interaction between the employer and the worker.
• Contracts for the rental or leasing of equipment, storage of equipment. In some cases, relevant agreements are concluded with the seller of the car, the operator of the garage or overnight parking.

Business costs and payback

Now about the main thing: what start-up capital is needed for a novice entrepreneur, what result should be hoped for after a calendar month. The main cost part when entering the sewage business is the purchase of a special car. A good option would be to buy a used car. For example, a DAF CF cistern equipped with a 12 m 3 tank, a 460 cubic meters pump. m/hour. The cost side looks like this:

• registration of a business entity: $200;
• purchase of equipment: $15,000;
• additional equipment, car painting: $2.000;
• marketing, advertising expenses: $300;
• salary: $600;
• other expense items: $900.

The comfortable entry threshold is $19,000. The purchase of an inexpensive car for $2,000-5,000 can reduce the participation limit in a business, but the risks of doing business with this approach are multiply commensurate. As noted, the minimum number of households for monthly service is 60 units - this number of customers will provide a break-even point.

For a profitable business, a vacuum truck serves 180 or more partners per month. With 24 working days for such dynamics, 8 collections or 4 trips are performed daily (a car with a capacity of 12 cubic meters can accommodate two collections of waste). With an average market price of one fence equal to $20, the payback is calculated from the following components:

• cost of fuels and lubricants for an average trip of 30 km: 90*0.30*12*$0.7 = $226.80.
• Salary: $600.
• Waste disposal costs: $600.
• Related advertising: $100.
• Equipment storage: $40.
• Other expenses: $100.

The value of cost items is $1.666.80. With a gross monthly income of $20*180 = $3,600, your earnings before taxes are $1,933.20. Accordingly, the business is able to pay off in 10 months. Tax deductions, depreciation of equipment, maintenance of equipment will increase the estimated time by 3-4 months, but will not affect the attractiveness of the commercial direction.

Even at the dawn of our era, saying: "Money does not smell," the Roman emperor Vespasian had in mind the need to clean city streets from sewage, accumulations of sewage. After 2000 years, the expression has not lost, but rather acquired additional meaning. Today, human life, industry is even more interested in services for cleaning up the environment, minimal human impact on nature. The duties of an entrepreneur do not include the rough cleaning work, the task of a businessman is to properly organize a socially useful, profitable business.