Download biology presentation about bacteria. Presentation "Bacteria". Bacteria in the human body

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Bacteria are prokaryotes. These are the simplest, smallest and most widespread organisms that have existed on earth for more than 2 billion years, but at the same time are constantly evolving. Bacteria are so different from other living organisms that they are isolated in a separate kingdom. There are not many places in the world that are devoid of bacteria. They live in water, soil, air, inside and on the surface of the bodies of animals and plants.

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GROUPS OF REAL BACTERIA cocci (spherical) - single diplococci (collected in twos) streptococci (in the form of a chain)

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staphylococci (in the form of a bunch of grapes) sarcins (in the form of dense packs) bacilli (rod-shaped)

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convoluted - vibrio (in the form of a comma) spirilla (one or more regular curls)

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According to the method of nutrition, bacteria are divided into two groups: HETEROTROPHS (they are not able to synthesize organic matter, but feed on ready-made) AUTOTROPHS (capable of synthesizing organic substances from inorganic)

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Most bacteria can use almost any organic compound as an energy source, even substances used to destroy them (for example, penicillin, which kills many bacteria). This is due to the fact that bacteria can live both in the presence of oxygen in the environment and in its absence.

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Bacteria are divided into two groups according to the method of nutrition Anaerobic (decompose organic matter without the participation of oxygen) Aerobic (in the process of respiration they use oxygen to oxidize organic matter)

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In relation to the temperature of development, bacteria are also very diverse: some develop in a wide range of temperature changes, others only at certain temperatures (low, high, or in a narrow temperature range).

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REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA Under favorable conditions, bacterial cells multiply very quickly, dividing in two. If a cell doubles every half hour, then it can produce 281474976710656 descendants per day. And some bacteria can multiply even faster.

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The rapid multiplication of lactic acid bacteria in milk leads to the fact that it turns sour in a matter of hours.

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Spore formation Under unfavorable conditions, such as lack of water, many bacteria go dormant. The cell loses water, shrinks somewhat, and remains dormant until water reappears. Some species survive periods of drought, heat, or cold in the form of spores. The formation of spores in bacteria is not a way of reproduction, since each cell produces only one spore and the total number of individuals does not increase.

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When a spore is formed, the cell shrinks, rounds off within the existing cell wall and releases a new thick wall inside the old one. Under favorable conditions (in humid conditions), the spore germinates. The spores are very resistant: they withstand prolonged drying, boiling for several hours, dry heating up to 140oC. Some spores can withstand temperatures as low as -245oC. They are also resistant to the action of toxic substances, remain viable for a long time. So, anthrax sticks remain viable, remaining in the form of spores for 30 years.

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Survival of bacteria when dried Vibrio cholerae up to 2 days Plague bacillus up to 8 days Diphtheria bacillus up to 30 days Typhoid bacillus up to 70 days Tuberculosis bacillus up to 90 days Staphylococcus bacillus up to 90 days

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The positive significance of bacteria is determined by their participation in many biological processes, especially in the circulation of substances in nature. Bacteria, as a result of their vital activity, are able to decompose complex organic compounds into simple inorganic substances, which are again used by green plants. Bacteria are able to decompose proteins, carbohydrates, fats.

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A number of substances formed by bacteria as a result of metabolism are very valuable for humans. The activity of bacteria is used in various branches of industry and agriculture for the production of lactic acid products, for sauerkraut, forage ensiling, for the production of organic acids, alcohols, acetone, enzymatic preparations, etc. Humans also use bacteria to treat wastewater: by slowly passing wastewater over gravel and sand, solid particles settle and, under the action of various bacteria, turn into a material that, after drying, is used as fertilizer. When passing through sand and gravel, disease-causing bacteria die and are digested by putrefactive bacteria.

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Negative role of bacteria Pathogenic bacteria that cause diseases of plants, animals and humans play a negative role. Many saprophytic bacteria cause food spoilage, some of which are highly toxic. Toxins usually do not affect the body as a whole, but a specific organ or one of the organ systems - for example, the central nervous system, red blood cells, etc., causing a characteristic set of symptoms that can be used to diagnose the disease and identify its pathogen.

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Of the plant diseases caused by bacteria, the following are known: a burn that affects fruit plants - apple trees, pears, etc .; black rot of cabbage; soft rot of many plants; tumors of plant roots Despite the harm brought (bacterial root cancer); tumor-like growths on leaves (galls), etc.

Presentation on the topic: bacteria

bacteria

Bacteria are the most
ancient group
organisms from now
existing on earth.
First bacteria
appeared, probably
over 3.5 billion years
back and throughout
almost a billion years
were the only
living beings on
our planet.
Since these were
first representatives
wildlife, their body
had a primitive
structure.

What kind of bacteria are there?

Separation of bacteria according to cell shape
Variety of bacteria

Beneficial and harmful bacteria.

Bacteria are...

harmful bacteria
Beneficial bacteria

Where can bacteria be found?

What do bacteria eat?

Cell structure of bacteria

Bacteria are typical organisms. Bacteria are the oldest inhabitants of the earth, they have been living for two billion years. Scientists know about 2,500 species. Ba

Bacteria are typical organisms.
Bacteria are the oldest settlers
land, they have been living for two
billion years. Scientists know
about 2500 species. bacteria have
cellular structure, but do not have
nucleus separated by a membrane
cytoplasm.

bacteria. Prokaryotes. Importance of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria. Kingdom of bacteria. Kingdom of Bacteria. Kingdom of bacteria. Chemosynthesis. Nutrition of microorganisms. Bacteria prokaryotes. Bacteria (rods). Human diseases caused by bacteria. Kingdom of Prokaryotes. Subject: Bacteria. Bacteria - foe or friend. Bacteria, fungi, yeast. Bacteria - good or bad.

Bacterial genetics. Structure, activity, role of bacteria. The wonderful world of bacteria. Bacteria are tiny destroyers of organic matter. The structure and vital activity of bacteria Grade 6. Prokaryotic cell The kingdom of bacteria. Transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. ubiquitous bacteria. The kingdom of prokaryotes is a sub-kingdom of bacteria.

Features of the structure and life of ferns, their role in nature and human life. Bacteria help or harm a person. Bacteriophyta bacteria. "Prokaryotes" in Wonderland. Bacteria are invisible and ubiquitous. The role of the atmosphere and bacteria in the life of the planet. The need for the existence of bacteria in nature. Diversity of bacteria and their role in life.

Kingdom of Bacteria (Monera) Kingdom of Protista (Protista). The list of diseases caused by bacteria, presented by the participant of the 2011 project "Human Diseases" Konstantinidi Larisa, a student of the 8th "A" class. Genes human world 5th grade. Expression of genes in prokaryotes. Genetic metabolism in bacteria. Unicellular organisms grade 10.

Bacteria, their role in nature and human life.

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BACTERIA Bacteria are pre-nuclear organisms, which we call microbes, they have a cellular structure. These are very ancient organisms that appeared on Earth about 3 billion years ago. The human eye first saw bacteria 300 years ago.

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It took another two hundred years before microbiology became an independent science. A new branch of biology gradually revealed the enormous role of microorganisms that they play in human life, accompanying him from the cradle to the grave.

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THE ROLE OF BACTERIA Bacteria decompose dead organisms, reviving the conditions for the life of new creatures. Microorganisms helpers of man, his enemies and companions in everyday life.

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The purpose of the work is to identify microorganisms that are human companions. To reveal the dependence of the number of microorganisms on the mode of operation of the school. Detect and count the number of microorganisms on the hands and objects of daily use of students.

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Description of the structure of microbes Bacteria are very small. They can only be seen under a microscope. Their body consists of only one cell. They are simpler than all other organisms - their cells do not even have a nucleus.

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Scientists know of at least 2,500 species of bacteria. They are found everywhere: in the air, in water, in soil, in the bodies of other living beings.

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According to the shape and features of cell association, several groups of real bacteria are distinguished. Bacteria are simply arranged and, in addition to the shell and cytoplasm, they have hereditary material.

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The role of bacteria in nature The role of bacteria in nature is enormous - they produce kefir, cheese, alcohols and citric acid. Many of their bacteria live in the plant body - helping to assimilate nitrogen from the air, others in the animal body - help digest food, and still others are sources of various diseases.

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Materials and methods Researches Researches were carried out within the walls of our school. Air samples were taken in the corridors of the school and classrooms of mathematics and biology, in addition, swabs were taken from the hands of younger schoolchildren, from the handset and from the pages of our textbooks.

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For the study of bacteria, a medium was prepared, this is meat-peptin agar. (20 grams of agar-agar, 15 grams of meat broth, 500 grams of water were taken, all this was boiled, filtered and poured into sterile Petri dishes. Ready-made cups with the medium were used for experiments.

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To study the air, Petri dishes with ready-made sterile medium were opened for 15 minutes (according to the method of Koch and Clark- and Geiger). Fingerprints (method of VN.Krylov's, R.B. Goldin's fingerprints) were taken with a light touch of the fingers on a sterile nutrient medium.

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We investigated: 1. Air in the classroom before lessons. 2. Air in the corridor on the 1st floor hanger after 4 lessons 3. Air in the classroom after evening cleaning

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The state of cleanliness of hands - Smears were taken from clean fingers - immediately after washing with laundry soap and an hour and a half after washing hands. Smears from the hands of seventh graders after the canteen

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Smears from a handset after long use from a handset, after treatment with alcohol Smears from the pages of an old textbook and the pages of a new textbook

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Then the results of the experiments were visually examined, for the presence of bacteria, the bacteria were determined mainly by the number, by counting the colonies that settled on the nutrient medium and calculated for the area of ​​the dish.

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To find out what could reduce the number of bacteria, a new culture of bacteria was made and levomycetin and tetracycline tablets were placed on these crops, as well as pieces of Kalanchoe leaves, fragrant geranium and drops of laundry soap were used.

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EXPLORED - Air in the hallway with pills. Levomycetin Air in the corridor with drops of laundry soap Air in the classroom after lessons with Kalanchoe Air in the classroom after lessons with geraniums.

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Results of the study Results of the experiments: the air environment in the school is cleaner in the morning - 6 colonies. After 4 lessons the number of colonies became -13 After 7 lessons - 57 colonies

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Bacteria in the air SAMPLE PLACE NUMBER OF BACTERIA COLONIES air in the classroom before lessons 6 air after 4 lessons 13 air after 7 lessons 57

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The result of smears from fingerprints on the pages of books and the phone Imprints of clean fingers - 21 colonies Imprints after 1 hour after washing 23 colonies and the student after the canteen - 35 colonies The result of examining the handset and pages of books you see the results in the diagram

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What did they discover? Among the grown pure colonies of streptococci (STREPTOCOCCUS SALIVARUS), staphylococci were sown and we distinguished them by color and examined them stained in blue under a microscope with a magnification of 400 times

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What helps to delay the growth of microbes The samples show that the tablets laid out on the crops of nutrient media do not allow bacteria to develop - around tetracycline and chloramphenicol a clean nutrient medium (without bacteria) along the rim by 0.2 cm, pieces of leaves of fragrant geranium, Kalanchoe and a drop of soap foam., also inhibit the development of bacteria in diameter from 0.1 to 0.5 cm.

summary of presentations

bacteria

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bacteria. To study the features of the structure and vital activity of bacteria. Show the role of bacteria in nature and human life. Forms of bacteria. Cocci bacillus vibrio spirilla. The structure of bacteria. Bacteria are single-celled, simply organized pre-nuclear organisms. ..\2006-05-24\Scan10095.JPG. Spread of bacteria. Why are bacteria widespread in nature? Reproduction. Dispute formation. The survival of bacteria is facilitated by: High reproduction rate under favorable conditions; dispute formation. Food. The role of bacteria in nature. Saprophytic bacteria of decay (participants in the cycle of substances in nature, orderlies of nature). - Bacteria.ppt

Lesson Bacteria

Slides: 34 Words: 289 Sounds: 3 Effects: 24

Kingdom of bacteria General characteristics of bacteria. Lesson Objectives: To introduce students to the structural features and diversity of bacteria. develop mental operations of classification, comparison, generalization, the ability to draw conclusions, communication skills. to promote the education of respect for the environment, the aesthetic education of schoolchildren. Dear Guys! I know that each of you is the smartest, most erudite student. What is bacteria? Bacteria are ... 1) Unicellular organisms. 2) Cells without a nucleus. 3) Very small organisms 4) Pre-nuclear organisms. There is only a nuclear envelope. - Lesson Bacteria.ppt

Classes of bacteria

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What organisms are we talking about? bacteria. The structure of a bacterium. Prokaryotes. Basic terms and concepts. Bacteria shape. Diplococci. Bacillus. classes of bacteria. Vibrios. Spirilla. Bacterial cells have a nucleus. Food. Breath. Sporulation. Autotroph. Aerobe. Bacterial spores. Importance of bacteria in nature. cyanobacteria. Nodule bacteria. classes of bacteria. Importance of bacteria in human life. Tuberculosis. Botulism. Venereal diseases. Purulent infections. Cholera. Intestinal disorders. Typhoid fever. Measures to prevent bacterial diseases. Microbiology. The activity of bacteria. Streptococcus. - Classes of bacteria.ppt

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General characteristics of bacteria. Bacteria are the oldest group of organisms. Biology lesson. The first bacteria probably appeared more than 3.5 billion years ago. Bacteria sizes. A quarter of a million bacteria fit in a dot. The study of bacteria. The structure of a bacterium. Bacteria are very small unicellular organisms. Bacterial cells are called non-nuclear. living conditions for bacteria. Bacteria live in different natural conditions. Bacteria that need oxygen to live are aerobes. Bacteria for which oxygen is harmful - ANAEROBES. Reproduction of bacteria. Bacteria reproduce by dividing the cell in two. - Biology Bacteria.ppt

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Variety of bacteria

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bacteria. Content. unicellular organisms. Forms of bacteria. Such different bacteria. fermentation bacteria. soil bacteria. Decay bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria. Check yourself. Correctly. Think more. Literature. - Variety of bacteria.ppt

The structure of bacteria

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The structure and activity of bacteria. Study the structure of a bacterial cell. The structure of a bacterial cell. permanent structures. cytoplasmic membrane. non-permanent structures. Bacteria size. Groups of true bacteria. Staphylococci. Vibrios. Heterotrophs. Saprophytes. organic compounds. Oxygen. Reproduction of bacteria. - Structure of bacteria.ppt

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The structure of bacteria. The cells of many bacteria have non-chromosomal genetic elements - plasmids. Flagella. Among bacteria there are many mobile forms. Flagella play the main role in locomotion. The flagellum filament consists of 3-11 helically twisted fibrils formed by the flagellin protein. When adverse conditions occur, some bacteria produce endospores. When favorable conditions occur, the spore germinates and a vegetative cell is formed. Another group, autotrophs, is able to synthesize organic substances from inorganic ones. Physiology of bacteria. - Structure and meaning of bacteria.ppt

Bacteria life

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bacteria. Modern education. Tasks for diagnostics. Tasks for students. Motivation for learning activities. Formulation of the topic of the lesson. Learning new material. Complete the task. Forms of bacterial cells. Reproduction of bacteria. Nutrition of bacteria. Bacteria's ability to survive. Fixing the new. control task. Match the definitions with the studied terms and concepts. Work in pairs. Personal development. Thank you for your attention. - Bacteria life.pptx

Vital activity of bacteria

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Bacteria: structure and activity. In which organisms the body does not consist of cells. General characteristics of bacteria. Can you see bacteria? Cell shape. Forms of bacteria. The structure of a bacterial cell. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Bacteria feeding methods. living conditions for bacteria. Reproduction of bacteria. Unfavorable environmental conditions. Fizkulminutka. Complete interactive tasks. reflective target. Homework. - Life activity of bacteria.pptx

Chemosynthesis

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Chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis is... This way of obtaining energy is used only by bacteria. Chemosynthesis was discovered in 1887 by S. N. Vinogradsky. Sulfur bacteria. Iron bacteria. nitrifying bacteria. hydrogen bacteria. Metanobacteria. Chemosynthesis is described by the reaction 4H2 + CO2 = CH4 + 2H2O. The meaning of chemosynthesis. Some chemosynthetics (in particular, sulfur bacteria) are used for wastewater treatment. 1. Compare photosynthetics and chemosynthetics. Eliminate the excess. Find a match. - Chemosynthesis.ppt

Chemosynthesis of bacteria

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Metabolism. Chemosynthesis. What do the inhabitants of these communities eat? The necessary enzyme systems are present in a number of bacterial species. Bacteria working with hydrogen, nitrogen compounds and methane also come into play. Back in 1887, the Russian microbiologist S.N. Winogradsky discovered bacterial chemosynthesis. Born in 1853 in Russia Died in 1953 in France. Oxygen-free (anaerobic) respiration. Anaerobic chemoautotrophs. The molecular oxygen that appeared in the Earth's atmosphere acted as a strong oxidizing agent. Nitrifying bacteria - oxidize ammonia to nitrate. Iron bacteria - able to oxidize ferrous iron to ferric. - Chemosynthesis of bacteria.pptx

Importance of bacteria

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Importance of bacteria. Bacteria are prokaryotes that have existed on Earth for more than 2 billion years. Bacteria are a key factor in soil formation, oxidation zones of sulfide and sulfur deposits, and the formation of iron and manganese sedimentary rocks. When dying, plants enrich the soil with nitrogen compounds. The production of many food and technical products is impossible without the participation of various fermentative bacteria. As a result of the vital activity of bacteria, curdled milk, kefir, cheese, as well as enzymes, alcohols, and citric acid are obtained. To prevent the development of the disease and acquire immunity, a vaccination method has been developed in the form of a vaccine. - Meaning of bacteria.pptx

The role of bacteria in nature

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Bacteria in the human body

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Bacteria in the human body. characteristics of bacteria. The spread of bacteria. Species Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Flexibacteria. Normal cohabitants in the body. symbiotic bacteria. Skin covers. Pathogenic bacteria. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. bacteria. Causative agents of intestinal diseases. Causative agents of respiratory diseases. Causative agents of especially dangerous infections. Intermediate hosts of pathogenic bacteria. Carriers of anthrax. Plague carriers. Disease carriers. Disease carriers. Fight against pathogenic bacteria. Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. - Bacteria in the human body.ppt

The role of bacteria in human life

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Kingdom of bacteria. Write the word "bacteria" in your notebook and draw a crown. Let's talk about the structure of bacteria first. Cocci are the simplest forms of bacteria. Streptococcus is a chain of cocci. Staphylococcus is a bunch of cocci. Write the word "cocci" in your notebook. Elongated bacteria are called rods. Flagellum. Vibrio. Spirilla. Are bacteria harmful or beneficial? The benefits of bacteria are many. Bacteria are cooks. Milk. Cottage cheese. Lots of different products. Salted cucumbers. Cabbage. Benefits of bacteria. Escherichia coli. Bacteria cause disease. Food spoils due to bacteria. Harm from bacteria. - The role of bacteria in human life.ppt

Bacteria - pathogens

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Bacteria are the causative agents of acute diseases. bacteria. Especially a lot of bacteria in the soil. bacterial cell. The role of bacteria Harm to the national economy. Pathogenic bacteria. Several "lines of defense" against pathogens. Black potato leg. Bacteria cause human disease. - Bacteria - causative agents of diseases.pptx

Bacteria living in the human body

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Bacteria in the human body. Content. Bacteria review. characteristics of bacteria. The spread of bacteria. spiral bacterium. Flexibacteria. Normal cohabitants in the body. Colon. Skin covers. Pathogenic bacteria. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. Diphtheria. Causative agents of intestinal diseases. Causative agents of respiratory diseases. Causative agents of especially dangerous infections. Intermediate hosts of pathogenic bacteria. Carriers of anthrax. Plague carriers. Ticks. Disease carriers. Fight against pathogenic bacteria. - Bacteria living in the human body.ppt

Vibrios

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Team. Vibrios. Content. Genus of bacteria. Straight or curved sticks. facultative anaerobes. Nitrogen content. Sensitivity. Disease. Cholera. epidemic disease. Vibrio cholerae. classic cholera. Treatment. Prevention. Complex of restrictive measures. Vibrios. Thank you for your attention. - Vibrios.pptx

Proteus

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SRS Topic: “Proteus. Ecology. Etiology and pathogenesis. Laboratory.diagnostics. Prevention and treatment". Checked by the teacher: Zavorokhina O.A. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Semey State Medical University. Department of Clinical Microbiology. Plan: Proteus. (lat. proteus) - a genus of gram-negative, spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacteria. A representative of the normal, conditionally pathogenic microflora of the human intestine. Proteus in the taxonomy of bacteria. The genus Proteus. proteus vulgaris. proteus hauseri. proteus mirabilis. proteus myxofaciens. proteus penneri. - Proteus.ppt

Microorganisms

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The concept of microorganisms. The impact of microbes. Microorganisms. The impact of microbes on food. Beneficial effect. The soil. Pathways for microbial entry. Prevention of infections. Diseases transmitted through food. First aid for food poisoning. Read the statements. Answers. Microorganisms. Food hygiene rules. Rationale for the rules. - Microorganisms.ppt

Bacteria and microorganisms

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Bacteria and microorganisms. Classification of microorganisms. Bacteria are prokaryotes. View. The form. Breath type. Strains of the same species. The main groups of microorganisms. coccoid bacteria. Tetracocci. rod-shaped microorganisms. Convolute forms of microorganisms. Classification of microorganisms according to Bergey. The role of microorganisms in the etiopathogenesis of diseases. Schematic representation of various bacteria. The structure of a bacterial cell. Nuclear device. cytoplasmic membrane. Capsule. Monotrichs. fimbriae. Spore formation in bacteria. Endospores. Sporulation. Bacteria produce only one spore. - Bacteria and microorganisms.pptx

Physiology of microorganisms

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Physiology of microorganisms. Lecture plan. Biochemical and energy processes. The chemical composition of bacteria. Thin physico-chemical studies. Cellular metabolism. Constructive and energy metabolism. Constructive metabolism of prokaryotes. Autotrophs. The degree of expression of heterotrophy in bacteria. Many microbes can be grown. Most of the bacteria that inhabit the globe. wild strains of bacteria. Energy sources and electron donors. Phototrophic bacteria are able to use the energy of sunlight. For the implementation of diverse reactions, the cell needs electrons. - Physiology of microorganisms.ppt

Ecology of microorganisms

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Microflora. Spread of microbes. The value of studying ecology. Biosphere. Types of biocenoses. Sanitary microbiology. Methods for assessing the sanitary and epidemiological state. indirect methods. total microbial count. Microorganisms. Properties of sanitary-indicative microorganisms. Characteristics of soil microflora. Indicators of prescription of soil pollution. Microbiological standards for drinking water. Indicators characterizing the microbial purity of the air. - Ecology of microorganisms.ppt

The influence of the external environment on microorganisms

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The effect of environmental factors on microorganisms. Disinfection. Classification of microorganisms. Events. Disinfection methods. Disinfectants. Classification of disinfectants. disinfection efficiency. Sustainability. Sterilization. Sterilization methods. gas method. Sterilization quality control. Antiseptics. Chemical substances. Types of antiseptics. Asepsis. -