And it has an average lifespan. The average service life has expired, but the verification is valid for another two years - fines were imposed. Warranty period: enjoy your service

Figure.3 - DEPO Storm 1300Q1 Server

Processors:

Installs one Intel® Core™ i7/Intel® Xeon® 5500/5600 series processor with QPI up to 6.4GT/s.

Intel® X58 Express ICH10R.

Installs up to 24GB of triple-channel RAM according to the DDR3-1333/1066/800 specification. Support for ECC is possible. There are 6 slots for RAM.

Hard disks:

It is possible to install up to 4 disks with SAS/SATA interface with hot-swap support and the possibility of organizing RAID arrays of RAID levels 0, 1, 10, 5, 5EE, 50, 6, 60.

Standard equipment:

One high-speed 16550 (FIFO) serial port. The second is optional;

PS / 2 connectors for connecting a mouse and keyboard;

Connectors 2xUSB on the rear panel and 2xUSB on the front panel optional;

Integrated video adapter Matrox G200eW 8 MB DDR2.

Network interface:

Dual-port integrated Gigabit Ethernet (10/100/1000Mbit) Intel 82574L.

Peculiarities:

Support for Plug and Play, DMI 2.3, ACPI 2.0, PCI 2.2, Wake-On-LAN, Wake-On-Ring, SMBIOS 2.3;

Case opening sensor;

Support for S.M.A.R.T hard drive diagnostic technology;

Continuous monitoring of voltages by channels with output of deviation message +1.8V, +3.3V, +5V, ±12V, +3.3V Standby, +5V Standby, VBAT, HT, Memory, Chipset Voltages;

Speed ​​control and fan control;

Watch Dog system to prevent system freezes. All connectors are marked in accordance with the PC'99 specification;

The package includes drivers, system monitoring and server management software, as well as documentation in Russian.

Cooling system:

3 fans to ensure normal thermal conditions inside the server;

1 fan on the power supply.

The server is equipped with power supplies with automatic frequency selection (50/60Hz);

Power supply 520W or 2x400W.

Execution:

For installation in a 19" rack, height 1U. Complete with rack mounting kit. The rails are 690mm long. The distance between the racks for mounting is adjustable and is 710-830mm;

Dimensions (DVSH, mm) 504*43*437;

Weight up to 15kg;

Extension:

Slot 1 (x8) PCI-E or optional 1 (x16) PCI-E.

Warranty service: warranty period from 1 to 3 years with the possibility of service on site.

Picture. 4 - Switch D-Link DES-1210-52

Metal case, 19''
Interfaces:
- 48 ports 10/100Base-TX;
- 2 ports 10/100/1000Base-T;
- 2 combo ports 10/100/1000Base-T /SFP;
Ports:
- IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet (twisted pair copper cable);
- IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet (twisted pair copper cable);
- IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet (twisted pair copper cable);
- IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet (fiber optic cable);
- ANSI/IEEE 802.3 autonegotiation;
- IEEE 802.3x flow control;
Performance:
- switch bandwidth: 17.6 GB;
- maximum speed 64-byte packet forwarding: 13.1 Mpps;
- MAC address table: 8K entries per device;
- RAM buffer: 1 Mb;
- SDRAM for CPU: 64 MB;
- Flash memory: 16 MB
- switching method: Store-and-forward.
Diagnostic indicators:
- Power (per device);
- Link/Activity/Speed ​​(per port).

Software:
- level 2 functions
- MAC address table: 8K
- flow control+ 802.3x flow control+ HOL blocking prevention;
- IGMP Snooping+ IGMP v1/v2 Snooping+ Support up to 256 IGMP groups+ Support up to 64 static multicast groups+ IGMP Snooping over VLAN+ Support IGMP Querier;
- multicast filtering+ Redirect all unregistered groups+ Filter all unregistered groups;
- Spanning Tree Protocol+ 802.1D STP+ 802.1w RSTP;
- Loopback detection function;
- Link aggregation 802.3ad+ Max. number of groups per device - 8, 8 ports per group;
- Port Mirroring+ One-to-One+ Many-to-One+ Stream based;
- cable diagnostics function;
- customizable MDI/MDIX interface.
VLANs:
- 802.1Q tagged VLAN;
- VLAN+ groups Max. 256 static VLAN+ Max. 4094 VIDs;
- VLAN management;
- Asymmetric VLAN;
- Auto Voice VLAN+ Max. 10 users defined by OUI+ Max. 8 default defined OUIs;
- Auto Surveillance VLAN.
Quality of Service (QoS):
- 802.1p;
- 4 queues;
- Queue processing + Strict + Weighted Round Robin (WRR);
- CoS based+ Priority Queue 802.1p+ DSCP;
- Bandwidth control+ Port-based (downlink/uplink, up to 64Kbps increments for 10/100Mbps and 1850Kbps increments for 1000Mbps).
Access Control Lists (ACLs):
- max. 50 incoming profiles;
- up to 240 incoming access rules;
- ACL based+ MAC address+ IPv4 address+ ICMP/IGMP/TCP/UDP.

Security:
- 802.1X+ Port based access control;
- Port Security+ Support up to 64 MAC addresses per port;
- broadcast/multicast/unicast storm control;
- static MAC address;
- D-Link Safeguard Engine;
- DHCP Server Screening;
- ARP Spoofing+ Attack Prevention Max. 64 entries;
- SSL;
- v1/v2/v3 support.
Control:
- Web interface GUI;
- Compact CLI via Telnet;
- Telnet server;
- SmartConsole utility;
- TFTP client;
- SNMP+ Support v1/v2/v3;
- SNMP Trap;
- Trap for SmartConsole utility;
- System log;
- Max. 500 log entries;
- Support IPv4 log serve;
- BootP/DHCP client;
- Time setting + SNTP;
- LLDP1;
- LLDP-MED 2 ;
- PoE based on time;
MIB:
- 1213 MIB II;
- 1493 Bridge MIB;
- 1907 SNMP v2 MIB;
- 1215 Trap Convention MIB;
- 2233 Interface Group MIB;
- D-Link Private MIB;
- Power Ethernet-MIB;
- LLDP-MIB;
RFC Compliance:
- RFC 768 UDP;
- RFC 783 TFTP client;
- RFC 791IP;
- RFC 792 ICMP;
- RFC 793 TCP;
- RFC 826 ARP;
- RFC 854, 855, 856, 858 Telnet server;
- RFC 896 Congestion Control in TCP/IP Network;
- RFC 903 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol;
- RFC 951 BootP client;
- RFC 1155 MIB;
- RFC 1157 SNMP v1;
- RFC 1191 Path MTU Discovery;
- RFC 1212 Concise MIB Definition;
- RFC 1213 MIB II, IF MIB;
- RFC 1215 Traps for use with the SNMP;
- RFC 1239 Standard MIB;
- RFC 1350 TFTP;
- RFC 1493 Bridge MIB;
- RFC 1519 CIDR;
- RFC 1942 BootP/DHCP client;
- RFC 1901, 1907, 1908 SNMP;
- RFC 1945 HTTP/1.0;
- RFC 2131, 1232 DHCP;
- RFC 2138 RADIUS Authentication;
- RFC 2233 Interface MIB;
- RFC 2570, 2575 SNMP;
- RFC 2578 Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2) ;
- RFC 3416, 3417 SNMP;
- RFC 3621 Power Ethernet (PoE model only) ;

Physical parameters: MTBF (hours)- 289.012 hours

Acoustics:0 dB Heat dissipation: 98.61 BTU/hr.

Input power: Internal universal power supply, 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz.

Maximum power consumption: 28.9 W.

Dimensions (W x D x H): 440 x 250 x 44 mm.

Life expectancy is the period of time when the principal debt of a debt problem is expected to be outstanding. Average life is the average period until the debt is repaid by repaying or repaying the fund's payments. To calculate the average life, multiply the date of each payment (expressed as a fraction of years or months) by the percentage of the total principal that was paid up to that date, add the results, and divide by the total issue.

PERMISSION "Middle Life"

, also called weighted average maturity and weighted average life expectancy, life expectancy is calculated to determine how long it will take to pay off the outstanding principal of a debt such as a bill or bond. While some bonds pay the principal in a lump sum at maturity, others pay the principal in installments over the life of the bond. In cases where the principal of a bond is amortized, the average life allows investors to determine how quickly the principal is repaid.

Payments received are based on the repayment schedule of loans that underpin the particular security, such as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and asset-backed securities (ABS). As borrowers make payments on their associated debt obligations, payments are issued to investors that reflect a portion of these cumulative interest and principal payments.

Calculating Average Life on Bonds

For example, suppose the annual payment of a four-year bond has a par value of $200 and principal payments of $80 during the first year, $60 during the second year, $40 during the third year, and $20 during the fourth (and Last year. The average lifetime of this connection will be calculated using the following formula:

Average life expectancy = 400/200 = 2 years

This bond will have an average life of two years compared to its four year maturity.

Mortgage and asset-backed securities

In the case of MBS or ABS, average life is the average length of time required to repay loans. An investment in an MBS or ABS involves the purchase of a small portion of the associated debt that is packaged under security.

The risk associated with MBS or ABS centers depends on whether the borrower will be associated with a default loan. If the borrower fails to make payment, the investors associated with the security will suffer losses. AT financial crisis In 2008, a high number of mortgage defaults, especially in the subprime market, led to significant losses in the MBS arena.

Good evening!
I apologize in advance for a possibly already asked question, however, a search on the site produced more than 2 thousand results, and after viewing the 10th page, it became clear that it was better to try asking in a separate topic.

Thanks in advance to everyone who takes the time to respond and give valuable advice on the situation!

So, the situation is as follows.

The company entered into a contract for the supply of natural gas.

Use it for production purposes.

The company came to check the gas service.

As a result of its implementation, it was revealed that some gas metering units (UUG) had expired: the thermal converter, as well as the complex for measuring the amount of gas (and the gas meter included in it).

Since there is a clause in the contract that

"... a malfunction of a gas metering unit is a condition in which any measuring instrument included in it does not comply with at least one of the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documentation. In addition, a gas metering unit is considered faulty after the expiration of the service life (service) of any means of measurement specified in the technical documentation for this SI.
Unless otherwise confirmed, the period of time of malfunction or absence of the gas metering unit, during which the Buyer consumed gas, is determined based on round-the-clock consumption, starting from the date of the last check of the gas metering unit by the Supplier, and if it was not carried out, then from the date the Supplier installed the seal to the measuring instruments of the gas metering unit, until the date of resumption of proper metering",

However, there are a few "buts":

1. The expiration of the service life, in my opinion, cannot be equivalent to the concept of the expiration of the possible operation of the UUG.

Firstly, in the passports of all UUGs it is indicated that the average service life is at least 6 years.

That is, phrases about the deadline (average life) of service - those. documentation does not contain. It turns out that the measuring instrument can be verified an unlimited (theoretically) number of times after the expiration of its service life.

Secondly, all UUG were verified in a timely manner, and according to the issued certificates of this, the UUG can be operated until the next verification period for at least six months.

2. According to "GOST 27.002-2015. Interstate standard. Reliability in engineering. Terms and definitions":

"3.6.4.3 average service life: The mathematical expectation of service life

3.3.6 service life: The calendar duration of operation from the start of operation of the facility or its resumption after overhaul until reaching the limit state

3.2.7 limit state: The state of an object in which its further operation is unacceptable or impractical, or the restoration of its operable state is impossible or impractical

3.2.2 faulty state (fault): The state of an object in which it does not meet at least one of the requirements established in its documentation
Note - Non-compliance with at least one of the requirements can be defined as a state in which the value of at least one parameter of an object does not meet the requirements of the documentation for this object.

Thus, GOST also confirms that, in fact, nothing prevents the equipment from being verified, even if the average service life has expired, and used further until the next verification (or if it is already impossible to carry out one).

The expiration of the service life of the UUG, the verification period of which, moreover, has not expired, cannot be the basis for recognizing such devices as faulty.

The request of professionals and specialists of this forum to comment on this situation!

And also, if possible, help with additional normative justification positions on the inequivalence of the service life of the means of measuring its malfunction.

According to GOST 13377-75, a resource is the operating time of an object from the beginning or resumption of operation until the onset of the limit state.

Depending on how the initial moment of time is chosen, in what units the duration of operation is measured, and what is meant by the limit state, the concept of resource receives a different interpretation.

As a measure of duration, any non-decreasing parameter characterizing the duration of the object's operation can be chosen. Units for measuring the resource are chosen for each industry and for each class of machines, units and structures separately. From the point of view of the general methodology, the unit of time remains the best and most universal unit.

Firstly, the operating time of a technical object in the general case includes not only the time of its useful functioning, but also breaks during which the total operating time does not increase, BUT! during these breaks, the object is exposed to the environment, loads, etc. The aging process of materials causes a decrease in the total resource.

Secondly, the assigned resource is closely related to the assigned service life, which is defined as the calendar duration of the object's operation before it is decommissioned and measured in units of calendar time. The assigned service life is largely related to the pace of scientific and technological progress in the industry. The use of economic and mathematical models to justify the assigned resource requires measuring the resource not only in units of operating time, but also in units of calendar time.

Thirdly, in the tasks of forecasting the residual resource, the functioning of the object on the segment of forecasting is a random process whose argument is time.

Calculating the resource in units of time makes it possible to set forecasting tasks in the most general form. Here it is possible to use units of time, both continuous independent variables and discrete ones, for example, the number of cycles.

The initial moment of time in calculating the resource and service life at the design stage and at the operation stage is determined differently.

At the design stage, the initial moment of time is usually taken as the moment the object is put into operation, or, more precisely, the beginning of its useful functioning.

For objects in operation, as the initial one, you can choose the moment of the last inspection or preventive measure, or the moment of resumption of operation after a major overhaul. It can also be an arbitrary moment at which the question of its further exploitation is raised.

The concept of the limiting state corresponding to the depletion of the resource also allows for different interpretations. In some cases, the reason for the termination of operation is obsolescence, in others - an excessive decrease in efficiency, which makes further operation economically unfeasible, and thirdly - a decrease in safety indicators below the maximum permissible level.
It is not always possible to establish the exact signs and values ​​of the parameters at which the state of the object should be qualified as limiting. With regard to boiler equipment, the reason for its write-off is a sharp increase in the failure rate, downtime and repair costs, which makes further operation of the equipment economically unfeasible.

The choice of an assigned resource and an assigned (planned) service life is a technical and economic task that is solved at the stage of developing a project assignment. This takes into account the current technical state and the pace of scientific and technological progress in this industry, adopted at this time. standard values coefficients of efficiency of capital investments, etc.

At the design stage, the assigned resource and service life are given values. The task of the designer and developers is to select materials, constructive forms, dimensions and technological processes so as to provide the planned values ​​of indicators for the designed facility. At the design stage, when the object has not yet been created, its calculation, including resource assessment, is carried out on the basis of normative documents, which in turn are based (explicitly or implicitly) on statistical data on materials, impacts and operating conditions of similar objects. Thus, resource prediction at the design stage should be based on probabilistic models.

In relation to operated objects, the concept of resource can also be interpreted in different ways. The main concept here is the individual residual resource - the duration of operation from this moment time to reach the limit state. Under operating conditions, according to the technical condition, the overhaul periods are also assigned individually. Therefore, the concept of an individual resource is introduced until the next medium or major overhaul. Similarly, individual terms are introduced for other preventive measures.

At the same time, individual forecasting requires additional costs for technical diagnostics tools, for built-in and external devices that record the level of loads and the state of the object, for the creation of microprocessors for the primary processing of information, for the development of mathematical methods and software that allow obtaining reasonable conclusions based on the collected data. information.

Currently, this problem is a top priority for two groups of objects.

The first includes civil aviation aircraft. It was here that sensors were first used to record the loads acting on the aircraft during operation, as well as resource sensors that make it possible to judge the damage accumulated in the structure, and, consequently, the residual resource.

The second group of objects for which the problem of predicting an individual residual resource has become relevant are large power plants. These are thermal, hydraulic and nuclear power plants, large systems for the transmission and distribution of energy and fuel. Being complex and responsible technical objects, they contain stressed components and assemblies, which, in case of an accident, can become a source of heightened danger for people and the environment.

A number of thermal power plants, designed for a service life of 25-30 years, have now exhausted their resource. Since the equipment of these power plants is in a satisfactory technical condition, and they continue to make a significant contribution to the country's energy, the question arises of the possibility of further operation without interruptions for the reconstruction of the main units and assemblies. To make informed decisions, it is necessary to have sufficient information about the loading of the main and most stressed elements during the entire previous period of operation, as well as about the evolution of the technical condition of these elements.

When creating new power plants, among which nuclear power plants are of particular importance, it is necessary to provide for their equipping not only with early warning systems for failures, but also with more thorough tools for diagnosing and identifying the state of their main components, recording loads, processing information and establishing a forecast regarding changes in technical states.

Life forecasting is an integral part of the reliability theory. The concept of reliability is complex, it includes a number of properties of the object.

Question 9. Indicators used to assess the reliability of products.

Probability of uptime - the probability that within a given operating time the failure of the object does not occur.

The function P(t) is a continuous function of time with the following obvious properties:

Thus, the probability of failure-free operation during finite time intervals can have the values ​​0

The statistical probability of failure-free operation is characterized by the ratio of the number of well-functioning items to the total number of items under observation.

where is the number of products that are working properly by the time t;

The number of items under supervision.

Probability of failure - the probability that the object will fail at least 1 time during a given operation time, being operational at the initial moment.

Statistical assessment of the probability of failure - the ratio of the number of objects that have failed by the time t to the number of objects that are serviceable at the initial moment of time.

where is the number of products that have failed by time t.

The probability of failure-free operation and the probability of failure in the interval from 0 to t are related by the dependence Q (t) = 1 - P (t).

Failure rate is the conditional probability density of the failure of a non-recoverable object, determined for the moment under consideration, provided that up to this moment the failure has not occurred:

Failure rate - the ratio of the number of failed objects per unit of time to the average number of objects that worked properly in the considered period of time (provided that the failed products are not restored and are not replaced by serviceable ones).

where is the number of products that failed during the time interval .

The failure rate allows you to visually establish the characteristic periods of operation of objects:

1. Break-in period - characterized by a relatively high failure rate. During this period, mainly sudden failures occur due to defects caused by design errors or violations of manufacturing technology.

2. Normal operation time of machines - is characterized by an approximately constant failure rate and is the main and longest during the operation of the machines. Sudden failures of machines during this period are rare and are caused mainly by hidden manufacturing defects, premature wear of individual parts.

3. Third period characterized by a significant increase in the failure rate. The main reason is the wear of parts and mates.

MTBF - the ratio of the sum of the time of objects to failure to the number of observed objects, if they all failed during the test. Applies to non-repairable products.

MTBF - the ratio of the total operating time of the restored objects to the total number of failures of these objects.

Question 10. Indicators used to assess the durability of products.

Technical resource - this is the operating time of the object from the beginning of operation or its resumption after the repair of a certain type until the transition to the limit state. Operating time can be measured in units of time, length, area, volume, mass and other units.

The mathematical expectation of a resource is called average resource .

Distinguish average life before the first overhaul, average overhaul life, average life before decommissioning, assigned life.

Gamma percent resource - operating time during which the object does not reach the limit state with a given probability , expressed as a percentage. This indicator is used to select the warranty period for products, determine the need for spare parts.

Life time - calendar duration from the beginning of the operation of the object or its resumption after the repair of a certain type until the transition to the limit state.

The mathematical expectation of the service life is called the average service life. Distinguish service life up to first overhaul, life between overhauls, life to retirement, average life, gamma percentage life, and assigned average life.

Gamma Percent Life - this is the calendar duration from the beginning of the operation of the object, during which it will not reach the limit state with a given probability , expressed as a percentage.

Assigned service life - this is the calendar duration of the operation of the object, upon reaching which the intended use must be terminated.

It should also be distinguished warranty period - a period of calendar time during which the manufacturer undertakes to correct free of charge all the shortcomings revealed during the operation of the products, provided that the consumer complies with the rules of operation. Warranty period calculated from the moment the consumer purchases or receives the products. It is not an indicator of the reliability of products and cannot serve as the basis for standardization and regulation of reliability, but only establishes the relationship between the consumer and the manufacturer.

Question 11persistenceproducts.

Indicators maintainability

The probability of restoring a healthy state - the probability that the recovery time of the healthy state of the object will not exceed the specified value. This indicator is calculated by the formula

Mean recovery time - mathematical expectation of the recovery time of the working state.

d*(t) - number of failures

Preservability indicators

Gamma Percent Shelf Life - shelf life achieved by an object with a given probability y, expressed as a percentage.

Average shelf life - mathematical expectation of the shelf life.

Question 12. Comprehensive indicators of product reliability.

Availability factor - the probability that the object will be in a working state at an arbitrary point in time, except for the planned periods during which the use of the object for its intended purpose is not provided.

The availability factor characterizes the generalized properties of the serviced equipment. For example, a product with a high failure rate but quickly recoverable may have a higher availability factor than a product with a low failure rate and a long mean time to repair.

Technical utilization factor - the ratio of the mathematical expectation of the time intervals for the object to be in a working state for a certain period of operation to the sum of the mathematical expectations of the time intervals for the object to be in a working state, downtime due to maintenance, and repairs for the same period of operation.

The coefficient takes into account the time spent on scheduled and unscheduled repairs and characterizes the proportion of time the object is in working condition relative to the considered duration of operation.

Operational Readiness Ratio - the probability that the object will be in a working state at an arbitrary point in time, except for the planned periods during which the use of the object for its intended purpose is not provided, and, starting from this moment, it will work without fail for a given time interval. It characterizes the reliability of objects, the need for which arises at an arbitrary point in time, after which trouble-free operation is required.

Planned application factor is the proportion of the operating period during which the facility should not be at the planned maintenance and repair, i.e. this is the ratio of the difference between the specified duration of operation and the mathematical expectation of the total duration of scheduled maintenance and repairs for the same period of operation to the value of this period;

Efficiency retention ratio - the ratio of the value of the efficiency indicator for a certain duration of operation to the nominal value of this indicator, calculated on the condition that failures of the object do not occur during the same period of operation. The efficiency retention coefficient characterizes the degree of influence of object element failures on the efficiency of its intended use.