coursework

Sociology, social work and statistics

The concept of social services Principles of social services Rights and obligations of recipients of social services Forms and types of social services Legal acts regulating social services ...

Introduction……………………………………………………………………… p.3-5

Chapter 1. The concept of social service……………….....……….. p. 6-21

§one. Principles of social service………………………………. with. 6-10

§2. Rights and obligations of recipients of social services……………… p.11-15

§3. Forms and types of social services………………………… p. 15-21

Chapter 2. Normative legal acts regulating social services………………………………………………………………… p. 22-38

Chapter 3. Problems and prospects of social services in the Russian Federation………………………………………………………………… p. 39-48

Conclusion…………………………………………………………..…… p. 49-53

Bibliographic list………………………...……...………..…… with. 54-56

Appendix No. 1 Determination of the Primorsky Regional Court of December 24, 2014 in case N 33-11264…………………………………………….… p. 57-62

INTRODUCTION

The research topic of my final qualification work is the legal foundations of social services in the Russian Federation. The sounded topic has its own relevance and problems.

At each stage of the development of the state, various difficulties and obstacles naturally occur, including those that make adjustments to the lives of ordinary citizens. But the elderly and aging people, the disabled, people in difficult life situations, orphans, families with many children, etc. unable to provide themselves with an acceptable standard of living. The state is obliged to help them and smooth out the problems of the standard of living of such categories of the population.

Along with other functions and tasks, the social function of the state is one of the main directions of its activity, which consists in providing citizens with a quality and fulfilling life, resolving social contradictions and protecting the agreed interests of citizens on the basis of legally enshrined social standards.

Human rights and freedoms are recognized in our state as the highest value. Recognition, observance and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen is the duty of the state.

The Russian Constitution of 1993 enshrines human rights in the field of social security. The Constitution of the Russian Federation states that “The Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. 2".

One of the relatively independent elements of the social security system, supplementing the provision of security in cash, is social services for certain categories of citizens. At present, when the amount of cash payments under the social security system does not allow the most vulnerable categories of citizens to overcome life's difficulties on their own, the social service system is an important element of social support for them.

From January 1, 2015, with the entry into force of the new Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ "On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation" 3 this type of social security has taken on a new meaning. In addition to this law, there are normative legal acts that establish the right of certain categories to social security, including social services. Such acts include Federal Laws of December 21, 1996 No. 159-FZ “On additional guarantees for social support for orphans and children left without parental care” 4 , dated January 12, 1995 No. 5-FZ "On Veterans" 5 , dated November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation" 6 .

Social services occupy a separate place in the social security system, since the degree of development of services can be considered as one of the essential indicators of the level of all social security.

The purpose of the final qualification work is to consider the legal foundations of social services in Russia.

Work tasks:

Definition of the concept of social service;

Disclosure of the content of the right of citizens to social services;

Consideration of the principles of social service;

Disclosure of the basic rights and obligations of recipients of social services;

Classification and characteristics of forms and types of social services;

Designation of the role of international human rights instruments that enshrine the right to social security and services;

Analysis of the main laws on social services;

Study of the problems and prospects for the development of social services in our country.

General theoretical provisions on social services in one form or another were touched upon and considered in various textbooks, teaching aids, and scientific articles. Some works contain proposals for improving the current legislation; law enforcement practice is analyzed.

At various times, prominent representatives of jurisprudence and science were engaged in the study of social security and social services. Many of them contributed to the development of social security theory.

The problems of legal regulation of public relations in social services were studied by such jurists and scientists: B.C. Andreev, E.E. Machulskaya, E.G. Tuchkova, V.Sh. Shaikhatdinov and others.

The basis of the study is formed by international legal acts, normative legal acts of Russia that regulate relations in social services.

The structure of the final qualifying work reflects the intended goals and objectives of the study. The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of regulations and a list of references.

CHAPTER 1. THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL SERVICES

§one. Social Service Principles

Social services are one of the elements of the entire social security system. Along with other components of social security, it contributes to the support of needy categories of the population.

Social services for the population is a special mechanism that allows you to participate in solving the problems of society, its various social groups and the individual.

Social services are complex in nature and include various types of social services intended for citizens to meet their specific needs due to important reasons: illness, disability, old age, raising children, etc.

Based on Article 3 of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”, social services for citizens are activities for the provision of social services to citizens.

A social service is an action or actions in the field of social services to provide permanent, periodic, one-time assistance, including urgent assistance, to a citizen in order to improve his living conditions and (or) expand his ability to independently provide for his basic life needs. 7

It should be emphasized that social service” as a legal category in social security law differs from the concept of service used in civil law.

Social services are provided to citizens not in cash (unlike pensions, allowances, compensations), but in kind; their provision is financed from the budget. The state can establish state standards for social services, and the subjects of the Federation can expand their scope and introduce additional types of social services.

Thus, a social service is different from any other service. It turns out to be a clearly defined category of citizens (the elderly, the disabled, orphans, etc.). The social service is designed to meet the special needs of this category of citizens and this happens at the expense of society, and not personal income and funds. Also, a social service is provided in the form of a specific in-kind service. In addition, social services cannot be reimbursed in cash.

According to Article 4 of this law, social services are based on the observance of human rights and respect for the dignity of the individual, are of a humane nature and do not allow the humiliation of the honor and dignity of a person.

Social services are also carried out on the following principles:

1) equal, free access of citizens to social services, regardless of their gender, race, age, nationality, language, origin, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs and membership in public associations;

2) targeted provision of social services;

3) the proximity of social service providers to the place of residence of social service recipients, the sufficiency of the number of social service providers to meet the needs of citizens in social services, the sufficiency of financial, material, technical, human and information resources of social service providers;

4) preservation of the citizen's stay in the usual favorable environment;

5) voluntariness;

6) privacy 8 .

If we talk about the principle of targeting, then it involves the provision of social services to those who currently need it and who have written the appropriate application. Targeting is the provision of a personalized specific person. The bodies of social protection, the bodies of the Federal Migration Service, etc. monitor the identification of persons in need of social services - they receive information about families with children, refugees and internally displaced persons, orphans, etc. These bodies identify and create a database of such persons. 9

The priority of granting to minors is due to the increased social vulnerability of children due to their age. The welfare state makes it a priority to take special care of all children, including those who find themselves in a difficult life situation.

And the creation and functioning of specialized institutions for social services to the population, providing free assistance or with partial payment of the cost, located in territorial accessibility, allows the principle of accessibility of social services to be implemented. There are also lists of social services in accordance with the needs of certain groups of the population. In addition, everyone has the right to receive information about the procedure and conditions for receiving social services, about its varieties, etc.

The principle of voluntariness implies that social services will be provided only on the basis of the desire of the person in need, that is, according to his consent and good will, which is expressed in the submission of a personal application. But in exceptional cases, directly specified in the law, the application can be submitted, for example, by the legal representative of the person in need of assistance. And at any time there is an opportunity to refuse to receive social services.

Based on the principle of humane social services, social institutions should provide assistance to people with due attention and care, without causing moral and bodily suffering, that is, employees of these institutions should show respect for their patients so that they feel as comfortable as possible, being in a favorable environment . Humanity implies that persons living in residential institutions have the right to be free from punishment. Employees of stationary institutions who have committed these violations bear disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability.

Confidentiality means that personal information that has become known to employees of social service institutions in the course of providing social services constitutes a professional secret. Employees guilty of disclosing it bear the responsibility established by law. That is, the principle of confidentiality means that those working in institutions providing social services do not have the right to disseminate information about persons who have applied for help.

This principle is separately enshrined in Article 6 of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”:

"one. It is not allowed to disclose information classified by the legislation of the Russian Federation as information of a confidential nature or official information about recipients of social services by persons who have become aware of this information in connection with the performance of professional, official and (or) other duties. Disclosure of information about recipients of social services entails responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. With the consent of the recipient of social services or his legal representative, given in writing, it is allowed to transfer information about the recipient of social services to other persons, including officials, in the interests of the recipient of social services or his legal representative, including the media and the official website provider of social services in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the "Internet" network).

3. Providing information about the recipient of social services without his consent or without the consent of his legal representative is allowed:

1) at the request of the bodies of inquiry and investigation, the court in connection with the conduct of an investigation or court proceedings, or at the request of the prosecution authorities in connection with the exercise of prosecutorial supervision by them;

2) at the request of other bodies empowered to exercise state control (supervision) in the field of social services;

3) when processing personal data within the framework of interdepartmental information interaction, as well as when registering a personal data subject on a single portal of state and municipal services and (or) regional portals of state and municipal services in accordance with the legislation on the organization of the provision of state and municipal services;

4) in other cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation" 10 .

§2. Rights and obligations of recipients of social services

Citizens exercise their subjective right to social services in the state system of social services by entering into social service relations.

Citizens as subjects of legal relations in social services, in addition to rights, bear obligations. These duties correspond to the rights of another subject of the legal relationship for social services.

A recipient of social services is a citizen who is recognized as in need of social services and who is provided with a social service or social services.

The rights and obligations of recipients of social services are described in Chapter 3 of the Federal Law "On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation" 11 .

Thus, according to this normative act, recipients of social services have the right to:

1) respectful and humane attitude.

This right follows from the norm of Part 1 of Art. 4 of this Law, which establishes that social services are based on the observance of human rights and respect for the dignity of the individual, are of a humane nature and do not allow the humiliation of the honor and dignity of a person.

2) receiving, free of charge, in an accessible form, information about their rights and obligations, types of social services, terms, procedure and conditions for their provision, tariffs for these services and their cost for the recipient of social services, about the possibility of receiving these services free of charge, as well as about social service providers.

In paragraph 4 of part 1 of Art. 12 of the Law under consideration establishes the duty of social service providers, which corresponds to this right, to provide information free of charge in an accessible form to recipients of social services or their legal representatives about their rights and obligations, types of social services, terms, procedure and conditions for their provision, tariffs for these services and about their cost for the recipient of social services or about the possibility of receiving them free of charge. Information openness of social service providers is enshrined in the provisions of Art. 13 of the Law.

3) choice of provider or providers of social services.

Citizens have the right to choose the institution and form of social services in the manner prescribed by the social protection authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

4) refusal to provide social services.

Article 18 of this Law is devoted to the refusal of social services, social services, in part 1 of which the provision on the right of a citizen or his legal representative to refuse social services, social services is duplicated. As established in the same place, the refusal is made in writing and entered into the individual program of a particular person.

5) protection of their rights and legitimate interests in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

This Law on the judicial procedure for protecting the rights and legitimate interests of recipients of social services states in part 3 of article 15 that a decision to refuse social services can be appealed in court.

6) participation in the preparation of individual programs.

Such participation implies an individual approach to determining the recipients of the social services they need based on the citizen's need for social services. An individual program is a document that indicates the form of social services, types, volume, frequency, conditions, terms for the provision of social services, a list of recommended social service providers, as well as social support activities.

7) ensuring conditions of stay in social service organizations that meet sanitary and hygienic requirements, as well as proper care.

Employees of the relevant institution must provide their clients with living conditions that meet sanitary and hygienic requirements; care, primary health care, etc.

8) free visits by legal representatives, lawyers, notaries, representatives of public and (or) other organizations, clergy, as well as relatives and other persons during the day and evening.

In paragraph 11, part 1, art. 12 of the Law, respectively, the obligation of social service providers to provide recipients of social services with the opportunity to freely visit their legal representatives, lawyers, notaries, representatives of public and (or) other organizations, clergy, as well as relatives and other persons in the daytime and evening is fixed.

9) social support in accordance with Article 22 of this Federal Law.

Social support is assistance in the provision of medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal, social assistance that is not related to social services.

If necessary, citizens, including parents, guardians, trustees, other legal representatives of minor children, are assisted in the provision of medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal, social assistance that is not related to social services.

Social support is carried out by involving organizations providing such assistance on the basis of interagency cooperation in accordance with Article 28 of this Federal Law. Activities for social support are reflected in the individual program.

Corresponding to the right under consideration, the duty of social service providers to provide social support is enshrined in paragraph 7 of part 1 of Art. 12 of this Law.

In turn, recipients of social services are obliged to:

1) provide, in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the subject of the Russian Federation, information and documents necessary for the provision of social services.

The list of documents required for the provision of social services, in accordance with paragraph 5 of part 2 of Art. 27 of the Law should be covered by the procedure for the provision of social services established by the forms of social services, types of social services. Such a list of documents must contain the documents and information that the recipient of the social service must submit, and the documents that are subject to submission as part of interdepartmental information interaction or are submitted by the recipient of the social service on their own initiative.

2) timely inform social service providers about changes in circumstances that necessitate the provision of social services.

Circumstances that worsen or may worsen the living conditions of a citizen and in the presence of which citizens are recognized as in need of social services are listed in Part 1 of Art. 15 of the Law. The list of such circumstances is open, that is, there may be other circumstances, in addition to those listed in the article, which are recognized by the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation as worsening or capable of worsening the living conditions of citizens.

3) comply with the terms of the contract for the provision of social services concluded with the provider of social services, including timely and in full pay the cost of the social services provided when they are provided for a fee or partial payment.

In accordance with Part 2 of Art. 17 of this Law, the essential terms of the contract for the provision of social services are the provisions determined by the individual program, as well as the cost of social services if they are provided for a fee or a partial fee. In case of violation by the recipient of social services of the terms of the contract for the provision of social services concluded with him or his legal representative, the provider of social services under the provisions of paragraph 1 of part 2 of Art. 11 of the Law provides the right to refuse to provide a social service to a recipient of social services.

§3. Forms and types of social services

Chapter 6 of the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation" is devoted to them.

According to article 19 of this law,

"one. Social services are provided to their recipients in the form of social services at home, or in a semi-stationary form, or in a stationary form.

2. Social services in a semi-stationary form are provided to their recipients by a social service organization at a certain time of the day.

3. Social services in a stationary form are provided to their recipients with permanent, temporary (for a period determined by an individual program) or five-day (per week) round-the-clock residence in a social service organization. Recipients of social services in a stationary form are provided with residential premises, as well as premises for the provision of the types of social services provided for in paragraphs 1 - 7 of Article 20 of this Federal Law.

4. When providing social services in a semi-stationary form or in a stationary form, the following must be provided:

1) the possibility of accompanying a recipient of social services when moving around the territory of a social service organization, as well as when using the services provided by such an organization;

2) the opportunity for independent movement around the territory of a social service organization, entry, exit and movement within such an organization (including for movement in wheelchairs), for rest in a sitting position, as well as accessible placement of equipment and information carriers;

3) duplication of text messages with voice messages, equipping a social service organization with signs made in Braille, familiarization with their help with inscriptions, signs and other textual and graphic information on the territory of such an organization, as well as the admission of a typhlo sign language interpreter, the admission of guide dogs;

4) duplication of voice information with textual information, inscriptions and (or) light signals, informing about the social services provided using Russian sign language (sign language translation), admission of a sign language interpreter;

5) provision of other types of outside assistance.

5. Citizens from among persons released from places of deprivation of liberty, for whom, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, administrative supervision is established and who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service, in the absence of medical contraindications and upon their personal application, are accepted for social services in stationary organizations social services with special social services in the manner prescribed by the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

6. The issues of admission to inpatient social service organizations and discharge from such organizations of persons suffering from mental disorders are regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation on psychiatric care. 12 .

Article 20 states that “the following types of social services are provided to recipients of social services, taking into account their individual needs:

1) social and domestic, aimed at supporting the life of recipients of social services in everyday life;

2) socio-medical, aimed at maintaining and preserving the health of recipients of social services by organizing care, assisting in the implementation of recreational activities, systematic monitoring of recipients of social services to identify deviations in their health;

3) socio-psychological, providing assistance in correcting the psychological state of recipients of social services for adaptation in the social environment, including the provision of psychological assistance anonymously using a helpline;

4) socio-pedagogical, aimed at preventing deviations in the behavior and development of the personality of recipients of social services, forming their positive interests (including in the field of leisure), organizing their leisure time, and helping the family in raising children;

5) social and labor, aimed at providing assistance in employment and in solving other problems related to labor adaptation;

6) social and legal, aimed at providing assistance in obtaining legal services, including free of charge, in protecting the rights and legitimate interests of recipients of social services;

7) services to increase the communication potential of recipients of social services with disabilities, including children with disabilities;

8) urgent social services" 13 .

The next 21 articles define that "urgent social services include:

Providing free hot meals or food packages;

Provision of clothing, footwear and other essentials;

Assistance in obtaining temporary accommodation;

Assistance in obtaining legal assistance in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of recipients of social services;

Assistance in obtaining emergency psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy in this work;

Other urgent social services.

The provision of urgent social services for the purpose of providing emergency assistance is carried out within the time frame determined by the need of the recipient of social services, without drawing up an individual program and without concluding an agreement on the provision of social services. The basis for the provision of urgent social services is the application of the recipient of social services, as well as the receipt from medical, educational or other organizations that are not part of the social service system, information about citizens in need of the provision of urgent social services. Confirmation of the provision of urgent social services is an act on the provision of urgent social services, containing information about the recipient and provider of these services, the types of urgent social services provided, the terms, date and conditions for their provision. The act on the provision of urgent social services is confirmed by the signature of their recipient" 14 .

It is also worth noting that Article 31 of the Law provides for free social services for the following categories of persons:

“Social services in the form of social services at home, in semi-stationary and stationary forms of social services are provided free of charge:

1) minor children;

2) persons who have suffered as a result of emergency situations, armed interethnic (interethnic) conflicts.

Social services in the form of social services at home and in the semi-stationary form of social services are provided free of charge if, as of the date of application, the average per capita income of the recipient of social services, calculated in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, is below the limit value or equal to the limit value of the average per capita income for the provision of social services free of charge, established by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation" 15 .

If we compare the forms and types that were prescribed in the Federal Law of 1995 "On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation" 16 with those contained in the new Law, some significant differences can be seen.

Thus, the following were classified as social services by the Law of 1995 (Articles 8-14):

Financial assistance in the form of cash, food,

means of sanitation and hygiene, means of child care, clothing, footwear and other essentials, fuel, as well as special vehicles, technical means for the rehabilitation of the disabled and persons in need of outside care;

Social services at home for single citizens and citizens who have partially lost the ability to self-service due to advanced age, illness, disability in the form of social, social and medical services and other assistance;

Social services in stationary institutions of social

services through the provision of social services to citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who need constant outside care;

Temporary shelter for orphans, children left without parental care, neglected minors, children in difficult life situations, citizens without a fixed place of residence and certain occupations, citizens affected by physical or mental violence, natural disasters, as a result of armed and interethnic conflicts, other clients of the social service;

Day stay in social service institutions for elderly and disabled citizens who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, as well as other persons, including minors, who are in a difficult life situation;

Advisory assistance on issues of social and social and medical support for life, psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and legal protection;

Rehabilitation services, which are assistance in the professional, social, psychological rehabilitation of disabled people, persons with disabilities, juvenile delinquents, other citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation 17 .

CHAPTER 2. NORMATIVE LEGAL ACTS REGULATING SOCIAL SERVICES

The right to social security is one of the basic socio-economic human rights. It is enshrined in many international documents. This once again emphasizes the importance of this right and consolidates that caring for the elderly, the disabled, children and those who have lost their source of livelihood for reasons beyond their control is recognized as one of the universal values ​​in a modern civilized society.

The provisions of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, which is the first normative document of a general nature in the field of human rights and freedoms, establish the right of everyone as a member of society to social security. Article 22 of the Declaration states: “Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and to the exercise of the rights necessary for the maintenance of his dignity and for the free development of his personality in the economic, social and cultural fields through national efforts and international cooperation and in according to the structure and resources of each state eighteen ".

And Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims the following: “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other loss of livelihood due to circumstances beyond his control nineteen ".

The right to social security and social services is also contained in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966. Article 9 of this international instrument enshrines: “The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to social security, including social insurance 20 ".

Article 14 of the European Social Charter states the following regarding the right to social services: “In order to ensure the effective exercise of the right to social services, the Parties undertake:

1. to promote activities or the creation of services which, using social work methods, would contribute to the well-being and development of both individuals and groups in society, as well as their adaptation to the social environment;

2. encourage the participation of individuals, as well as voluntary or other organizations, in the establishment and operation of such services 21".

It should be said that the concept of human rights, the rule of law and social justice were developed in the acts of the International Labor Organization on social security.

The ILO Conventions and Recommendations establish the human right to certain types of social services (medical care, sanatorium treatment, the rights of disabled people to vocational rehabilitation and employment, prosthetic and orthopedic care, the right to medical care, the maintenance of children in preschool institutions, etc. .).

For example, ILO Convention No. 159 is dedicated to the vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities. It states that each state party to the Convention considers it a task of vocational rehabilitation to provide a person with a disability with opportunities to obtain, maintain suitable employment and advance in career, thereby contributing to his social integration or reintegration. 22

The International Labor Organization has also adopted the Social Security Minimum Standards Convention 23 . It consists of 15 sections devoted to medical care, various types of benefits, etc. Russia is not yet a party to this convention.

Thus, the right to social services, along with the right to social security and social insurance, are enshrined in the documents of such a significant international organization as the ILO.

After the collapse of the USSR, in connection with the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the member states of the Commonwealth on May 26, 1995. adopted the CIS Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

Article 16 of this Convention secured the right of a citizen to social services as an independent right:

"one. Everyone has the right to social security, including social insurance for old age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, upbringing of children and in other cases established by national legislation.

2. In order to ensure the effective exercise of the right to social and medical assistance, the Contracting Parties undertake to ensure that any person who does not have sufficient funds and who is unable to obtain such funds through his own efforts or from other sources, in particular through benefits under the social provision, receive the necessary assistance, and in case of illness - the care necessary in his condition.

3. In order to ensure the effective implementation of the right of mothers and children to social and economic protection, the Contracting Parties shall take all appropriate and necessary measures in this direction, including the establishment and maintenance of appropriate institutions or services 24".

Thus, the most important international human rights instruments contain the basic social standards, types of social assistance, and the human right to social security and services is fixed.

Russia must respect international law and its fundamental principles and take into account what is written about rights and freedoms in generally recognized international documents. To build a state of law, it is necessary to focus on international law.

The main and fundamental law of the Russian Federation is the Constitution. It has the highest legal force, direct effect and is applied throughout the Russian Federation.

According to Article 17 of the Constitution, the Russian Federation recognizes and guarantees the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law 25 .

The Constitution of our country contains an important provision that “The generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation are an integral part of its legal system. If an international treaty of the Russian Federation establishes rules other than those provided for by law, then the rules of the international treaty shall apply. 26 "(clause 4, article 15). This article of the Constitution defines the relationship between international and Russian law, taking into account the supremacy of international law.

The Constitution, along with other important human rights, also refers to the right to social services as an element of the socio-legal status of a citizen. Therefore, we can argue about the constitutional nature of this right.

Article 7 proclaims Russia a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. In the Russian Federation, labor and health of people are protected, a guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly, a system of social services is being developed, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection are being established. 27 .

Article 39 of the Basic Law guarantees to everyone social security in old age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases established by law. State pensions and social benefits are established by law. Voluntary social insurance, creation of additional forms of social security and charity are encouraged 28 .

Article 41 of the Constitution establishes that everyone has the right to health care and medical care. Medical care in state and municipal health care institutions is provided to citizens free of charge at the expense of the relevant budget, insurance premiums, and other revenues. 29 .

However, the Constitution fixes only general provisions, which should be developed in various normative acts adopted on its basis.

The main federal laws governing social security in the Russian Federation are as follows:

Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” 30 .

This law was adopted on December 28, 2013. And the draft law adopted as this Law was developed in pursuance of the list of instructions of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 27, 2010 No. Pr-3464GS following the meeting of the Presidium of the State Council of the Russian Federation on October 25, 2010 and submitted to the State Duma by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The law itself came into force on January 1, 2015 and made significant changes to the system and procedure for the provision of social services.

Such a time interval will allow, according to the legislator, social institutions and services a gradual transition to the innovations provided for in the new law.

From the moment Federal Law No. 442-FZ comes into force, Federal Law No. 122-FZ of August 2, 1995 “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens” and Federal Law No. 195-FZ of December 10, 1995 “On Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”.

Since many changes were made to the previous law of 1995, it turned out that further introduction of new changes into it would simply be inappropriate, and it was easier to develop a new and already perfect one in terms of all the adjustments and changes that have taken place in the field of social protection and social services.

Thus, the new Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” reflects modern conditions to a greater extent, it already takes into account past accumulated experience.

All this improves the quality of social services provided, thanks to the appearance of this normative act, uniform standards of social services for the population are introduced throughout the Russian Federation.

a) in the Russian Federation, the number of people in need of social services is growing every year: these are disabled people, old people, families with children, people who find themselves in a difficult life situation;

b) the provisions enshrined in the new law will help to improve the quality and efficiency of social services provided and the organization of the social service system in such a way as to help the largest possible number of the population;

c) the draft law provides for the recognition of existing laws as invalid and the formation of a single legislative act regulating relations in the field of social services for the population;

d) the development will take place taking into account the norms of the current legislation and international documents signed by the Russian Federation, taking into account the study of the current practice of implementing the provisions of the laws and based on the experience in this area of ​​foreign states.

The new adopted law establishes:

1) legal, organizational and economic foundations of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation;

2) the powers of the federal state authorities and the powers of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of social services for citizens;

3) rights and obligations of recipients of social services;

4) rights and obligations of social service providers.

This Federal Law applies to citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons permanently residing on the territory of the Russian Federation, refugees, as well as legal entities, regardless of their organizational and legal form, and individual entrepreneurs providing social services to citizens.

Article 2 of Federal Law No. 442-FZ establishes the following: “Legal regulation of social services for citizens is carried out on the basis of this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation” 31 .

The law establishes the basic principles of social services, clarifies the basic concepts from the field of social services, determines the forms of social services, types of social services and conditions for their provision, principles of financial support for the activities of social service organizations.

The law defines the list of powers of federal state authorities, the list of powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Now, according to this document, the provision and refusal of social services is possible only subject to the will of the recipient. On the provision of social services, a citizen (his legal representative) can apply directly himself or, at his request, other citizens, state bodies, local governments, public associations as an authorized body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or directly to a social service provider with a written or electronic application for providing social services.

The law introduces new concepts of "recipient of social services", "provider of social services", "prevention of circumstances that cause the need for social services", the concept of "social service standard" is set out in a new edition (basic requirements for the volume, frequency and quality of the provision of social services) , while the social service standard is an integral part of the procedure for the provision of social services 32 .

This Law does not contain the concept of "difficult life situation", the concept of which was provided for in the previous law of 1995. Instead, Article 15 clearly establishes the circumstances under which citizens are recognized as in need of social services.

The normative act stipulates an individual approach to the establishment of recipients of social services based on the citizen's need for social services. Taking into account the grounds on which the citizen was recognized as in need of social services, the state authority authorized to exercise functions in the field of social services of the subject of the Russian Federation determines the individual need for social services and draws up an individual program for the provision of social services.

The law also provides for social support of citizens in the provision of social services, which involves assistance in the provision of medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal, social assistance that is not related to social services, based on interdepartmental interaction of organizations providing such assistance (based on regulations approved by state authorities subjects of the Russian Federation).

The law contains norms providing for the exercise of control (supervision) in the field of social services, including public control. 33

Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ "On the Social Protection of the Disabled in the Russian Federation" 34 .

This Federal Law defines the state policy in the field of social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation, the purpose of which is to provide disabled people with equal opportunities with other citizens in exercising civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

The law provides the concept of "disabled person" - this is a person who has a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, caused by diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a limitation of life and causing the need for his social protection 35 .

The social protection of disabled people is understood as a system of state-guaranteed economic, legal measures and social support measures that provide disabled people with conditions for overcoming, replacing (compensating) life restrictions and aimed at creating equal opportunities for them to participate in society with other citizens.

Social support for the disabled is understood as a system of measures that provides social guarantees to the disabled, established by laws and other regulatory legal acts, with the exception of pensions.

This law is one of the main legal acts that determine the level of social protection of people with disabilities.

Federal Law of December 21, 1996 No. 159-FZ "On additional guarantees for social support for orphans and children left without parental care" 36 .

This law belongs to the category of normative legal acts that establish the right of certain categories to social security, including social services.

The federal law defines the general principles, content and measures of social support for orphans and children left without parental care, as well as persons from among orphans and children left without parental care.

Additional guarantees for social support for this category of citizens are a set of social measures that provide an opportunity to improve housing conditions, receive additional education, medical care, exercise the right to work, etc.

The law regulates relations arising in connection with the provision and provision by state authorities of additional guarantees for the social protection of the rights of orphans and children left without parental care, as well as persons from among orphans and children left without parental care.

The federal law establishes legal guarantees for the social protection of veterans in the Russian Federation in order to create conditions that provide them with a decent life, active work, honor and respect in society.

It applies to citizens of the Russian Federation, as well as to foreign citizens permanently residing on the territory of the Russian Federation and stateless persons belonging to certain categories of veterans.

The Law "On Veterans" is the first experience of a domestic legislator to bring together the entire array of basic provisions relating to the social support of veterans. Prior to its adoption, a significant number of regulations were in force, different in departmental affiliation, legal force and scope. With the adoption of Law N 5-FZ, a unified legal basis was created for the implementation of the main directions of social policy in the field of veteran support. At the same time, the Law does not disclose in detail the mechanism for providing veterans with social support measures, but only determines the circle of persons to whom the Law applies, and declares their basic rights and guarantees. 38 .

Federal Law No. 124-FZ of July 24, 1998 “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation” 39 .

The federal law establishes the basic guarantees of the rights and legitimate interests of the child, provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in order to create legal, socio-economic conditions for the realization of the rights and legitimate interests of the child.

At the very beginning of the law, it is emphasized that “the State recognizes childhood as an important stage in a person’s life and proceeds from the principles of prioritizing the preparation of children for a full life in society, the development of socially significant and creative activity in them, the education of high moral qualities, patriotism and citizenship in them. 40".

Along with other fundamental concepts, it contains a definition of the concept of "social services for children". These are organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, that carry out activities for social services for children (social support, provision of social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, organization of recreation and rehabilitation, social rehabilitation of children in in a difficult life situation, ensuring the employment of such children upon reaching working age), as well as citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities for social services to the population, including children, without forming a legal entity.

In addition to federal laws, by-laws have been adopted and are in force that regulate issues in the field of social services, for example, they include:

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1995 N 694 "On the sale of prosthetic and orthopedic products" 41 ;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 18, 1996 N 861 "On approval of the Procedure for the upbringing and education of disabled children at home and in non-state educational institutions" 42 ;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 8, 1996 N 670 "On approval of the Model Regulations on the establishment of social assistance for persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation" 43 ;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2000 N 896 "On the Approval of Model Regulations on Specialized Institutions for Minors in Need of Social Rehabilitation" 44 ;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 25, 2007 N 608 "On the procedure for providing disabled people with services for the translation of Russian sign language (sign language translation, typhlo sign language translation)" 45 ;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2005 N 2347-r “On the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to the disabled” (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on January 1, 2015) 46 ;

Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2002 N 25 "On approval of the Recommendations on the organization of the activities of specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation" 47 and other acts.

According to paragraph “g” of Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, “the coordination of healthcare issues is under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; protection of the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood; social protection, including social security 48".

Thus, the legal regulation of social service relations can be carried out in the regions.

The main goal of such regulation is to increase the degree of social protection of citizens. These acts provide for additional, increased measures of social support for citizens in comparison with federal ones.

The subjects of the Federation can adopt their own regulations, programs of social development of the regions, which take into account the specifics of the region and increase the social security of citizens living in it.

Together with the provisions enshrined in federal legislation, regional regulations establish additional guarantees and principles of social services for citizens of a particular subject, the circle of persons entitled to social services is increased, and additional types of social services are introduced.

Federal law "On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation 49 » refers to the powers of local governments in the field of social security to provide social support and promote employment of the population, and this is directly related to social services.

It is worth saying that the current National Standard of the Russian Federation “Social services for the population 50 . Terms and definitions” is of no small importance for the guarantee of social services by the state.

This standard establishes terms and definitions of concepts in the field of social services for the population. The terms and definitions contained in it include general concepts (for example, social service, social service, difficult life situation, etc.), types of social services, social service institutions and categories of social service clients.

Along with federal and regional, there is municipal and local regulation in the field of social services.

At the present stage of development of the state, when a market economy is being formed, municipal and local regulations become important as sources of social security law. The purpose of municipal and local regulations is to establish a higher degree of social protection of citizens at the municipal level and at the level of a single organization. 51

Such regulation may manifest itself in the creation of additional guarantees of social protection, for example, in a particular organization, regardless of its organizational and legal form. When creating a collective agreement, for example, it may provide for various types of social assistance, etc.

In this case, the following methods of regulating relations arising from social services are used: permission, prohibition, positive obligation, recommendations.

However, norms of a recommendatory nature in the field of social services are applied only to bodies providing social services, and not to citizens. And the right-restorative sanction in the regulation of relations in social services is not typical. 52

CHAPTER 3 PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The right to social services is an objective necessity for those citizens who need social services, who find themselves in a difficult life situation.

A fairly large number of people live in Russia who, for various reasons, cannot serve themselves and are limited in their livelihoods.

Statistics report that the health of citizens is deteriorating, there are many aging and disabled people, there is unemployment and low-income population.

The problem of population aging is not only for the Russian Federation, but also for a significant number of countries in the world. One of the trends observed in recent decades in the developed world is the growth in the absolute number and relative proportion of older people in the population.

Therefore, the state is obliged to assume obligations in order to contribute to the preservation and extension of the full life of each person, to recognize its debt to him and to support his social, labor, educational and creative activity.

To implement the full-scale functions of social assistance, support and social security, the Russian Federation has a system of social protection.

Unfortunately, at the moment in Russia the quality and level of social services are not in the best condition.

The issues of the implementation of state policy in the social sphere have now acquired particular relevance. The transition to a socially oriented policy requires the creation of an effective and developed system for providing social protection to the population. Therefore, social policy is primarily focused on the problems of social security and services for the elderly, support for the disabled and families with children. 53 .

As noted, in our country there is a “trend towards an increase in the number of elderly and disabled people in the population. This is accompanied by a deterioration in their health and limitations in self-care. The need for various types of rehabilitation services is experienced by 80% of disabled elderly and disabled people. More than 30% need constant assistance and social and medical services 54".

In the process of aging of the human body, a person has a risk of acquiring chronic diseases; at any time, medical, rehabilitation assistance, care of another person may be needed.

Older people often have problems not only in the medical field, but also psychological disorders and problems of a social nature. Social problems are associated, as a rule, with a low and even extremely low material standard of living, the inability to buy all the necessary (often expensive) medicines and medical equipment, apply for paid medical care, etc. And the benefits and benefits provided by the state cannot solve all the material problems of such old needy people.

Psychological problems mainly appear due to the fact that older people who have retired and stopped working begin to experience a lack of communication and a feeling of loneliness, uselessness.

The need for outsiders, including medical care, is several times higher for the elderly than for people of working age. Being alone at home, older people are not always able to cope with health problems on their own. Elderly patients need long-term maintenance therapy and outside care, medical and social assistance.

If we talk about medical and social assistance, then it is a set of measures of a medical, social, psychological, pedagogical, rehabilitation and legal nature, carried out at the state and regional levels and is aimed at meeting the basic needs of a socially vulnerable category of citizens (elderly citizens, as well as people with disabilities). This assistance is provided by stationary institutions, both in the health sector and in the sphere of social services for citizens. It aims to provide therapeutic interventions and care in order to restore and maintain health and self-care abilities.

Currently, along with the concept of medical and social assistance, there is the concept of social and medical assistance. Its tasks are to maintain and improve the health of citizens in need, organize medical and recreational activities, provide medicines, assist in the timely receipt of qualified medical care, as well as solve other social and medical problems. This type of assistance is provided in stationary institutions of social service for elderly citizens - boarding schools for the elderly and disabled. 55

In addition to state institutions and organizations, there are also commercial, paid institutions (private boarding houses) for the elderly and disabled people who are in need of medical and social services.

Both in public and private organizations that provide medical and social services to needy citizens, all services provided should be aimed at meeting a wide range of needs of their patients: comfortable accommodation, good nutrition, professional medical care, health and rehabilitation procedures, psychological support.

But far from all institutions have sufficient capabilities to meet the needs for medical and social assistance of all citizens who apply. After all, the ongoing growth of the elderly population increases the burden on the health and social services, but the lack of funds leads to problems in providing medical and social assistance to the elderly and the disabled.

There is an inextricable link between the quality of medical services and the level of social services.

Both organizations providing social services and their employees should in every possible way contribute to the improvement of medical care, medical and social assistance, and for this, carry out various activities aimed at the proper functioning of these social organizations.

However, in the literature it is noted that there are negative phenomena occurring in the field of social services: a decrease in the dynamics of development of social service institutions; low quality of the current state of this sector; unsatisfactory socio-economic situation of social workers; insufficient financial, logistical, personnel and information support for the activities of social service institutions 56 .

As already mentioned, among the serious reasons why the goal of rehabilitation of the disabled and other people who need it is not always achieved, there are problems of lack of professionalism in the work of medical staff, the lack of development of rehabilitation techniques, and so on. Therefore, for successful rehabilitation, it is necessary to take into account a complex of medical, socio-psychological, professional aspects, as well as the personal characteristics of patients.

Also, one of the solutions to the problems of the organization and activities of stationary social services for the rehabilitation of the disabled is the optimization of the structure of institutions, the reconstruction of existing buildings and the construction of new buildings. It is necessary to expand new promising types of social service institutions - boarding houses of small capacity for elderly citizens and the disabled.

Reforming the system of social services for the population should be aimed at taking measures to overcome the shortage of places in stationary social institutions by moving these institutions from environmentally unfavorable areas and creating acceptable living conditions in them 57 .

Thus, providing affordable medical care for the elderly and disabled is impossible without creating an extensive system of specialized rehabilitation institutions.

And social programs at all levels remain an effective tool for responding to the problems of the elderly population.

So, the state of the social service system is influenced by a combination of various factors. One of the most important reasons is economic. The economic factor is expressed in the lack of funding, sponsoring the social service sector. This, in turn, affects the effectiveness of the provision of social services to the population, leads to the inaccessibility of social services for some categories of citizens. Due to the lack of funds allocated to this area, there is an outflow of labor, often highly professional, personnel - social workers who provide relevant services. The equipment and technical equipment of many social service organizations and institutions is also in decline.

One of the important impetuses to change the existing social tension and social reality will be the development and functioning of the system of non-state social services, support and strengthening of the role of trade unions, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.

The role of the subjects of the Federation in improving the social situation cannot be underestimated. For example, they can stimulate charity, independently introduce additional new types of social services that combine elements of traditional types of social services.

If we consider such a category of citizens as the disabled, then they are an extremely vulnerable and fragile social group. There are people with disabilities among the able-bodied population. Social services for disabled people should be significantly improved and improved, because at present there are some serious problems in this area.

To protect and support persons with disabilities, the following measures should be taken:

To increase the volume and quality of prosthetic and orthopedic products and other means of rehabilitation of the disabled;

Open new additional institutions that produce products for the disabled;

To make a special re-equipment of places of study for the disabled in educational institutions;

To increase the number of general educational institutions that train the disabled and persons with disabilities;

To carry out work on informing and highlighting in various media the features of the provision of social services to this category of citizens, etc.

Judicial practice shows that litigation involving disabled people, the elderly arise due to corruption in the field of social services, a lack of understanding of the specifics of the viability of these people.

The relevance of disputes in this area is not reduced. Modern Russian legislation in the field of social services and the elderly is extremely mobile and needs significant changes and additions.

Another problem related to the enforcement of legislation on social security and social services is confirmed by frequent cases of violation of the rights and legitimate interests of the disabled and the elderly.

Along with other legal proceedings, I studied the ruling of the Primorsky Regional Court dated December 24, 2014 in case N 33-11264 58 . As it turned out, disputes between social institutions providing social services and citizens concluding an agreement with them are not at all rare.

In the proceedings studied by me, the plaintiff (a nursing home for the elderly and disabled) filed a claim for the recovery of damages, amendments to the contract for inpatient services. Since since the conclusion of the contract for inpatient services, the cost of living and pensions has repeatedly changed due to rising consumer prices, in connection with which a debt has formed, which the defendant (pensioner) refused to repay voluntarily.

As a result, the court satisfied the claim, since it was established that the defendant had violated the terms of the contract for inpatient services.

The court came to the conclusion that inpatient care for the elderly and the disabled is paid, and the conclusion of contracts for inpatient care for the elderly and the disabled is mandatory by law. The amount of the monthly fee for inpatient services is determined by the institution, taking into account the approved nutritional standards, the standards for providing soft inventory, the level of consumer prices prevailing in the region, tariffs for utility bills and is reviewed no more than once a year.

All of the above problems should not be ignored by society and the state.

It is also important to note the following about the development and prospects of social services in Russia. The modern system of social services has been formed over the past decade. Social services have now become an integral part of social security, one of its rapidly developing elements.

At present, in connection with the processes of restructuring the economic and social life in the country, the law-making of the state in the field of social services for citizens is developing continuously and dynamically.

Important priority areas of state policy in Russia should be: the desire to solve social problems and the interests of all segments of the population, the preservation and strengthening of the health of the able-bodied population. The socio-economic development of the Russian Federation directly depends on the successful resolution of pressing problems.

Despite the large number of normative legal acts regulating social service relations, it is worth emphasizing that they still do not fully meet the requirements of society and do not meet the tasks that the state has set for itself. Therefore, it is necessary to further actively develop a system for providing assistance to needy citizens to maintain their health and material level.

To help in the further development and improvement of the sphere of social services, of course, can competently drawn up legislation. Social guarantees for all segments of the population should be enshrined in normative acts. Then, ideally, after an indefinite time, a new model of social services for the population will have to be built, which will simultaneously meet the objective needs of Russian society and the financial and economic capabilities of the state.

Previously, social services as an independent part of the state social security system required the development and adoption of a single separate normative act. As noted by legal scholars and political scientists, such an act could be the Code or the Law on the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens of the Russian Federation.

Thanks to the adoption of the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ "On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation" 59 , we can say that the legislation of the Russian Federation, which regulates relations in social services, has taken a big step towards further development.

Summing up, it can be noted that a fair idea was expressed in the literature that “the legal norms governing relations for providing citizens with certain types of social services are separate relatively independent legal sub-institutions that have autonomy of functioning, actual and legal homogeneity of legal norms and external isolation 60".

These sub-institutions in the aggregate can be combined into a general institution of social services. It would unite all independent sub-institutions that have a generic isolation, which consists in the absence of conditionality of the right to receive social services with a certain socially useful activity.

The merging of sub-institutions into a general institution of social services makes it possible to predict the formation in the future of such a sub-sector in the system of social security law as the right to social services 61 .

I believe that the emergence of an independent right to social services would mean significant progress in all social security law and the positive dynamics of its functioning and development. New relevant scientific papers and works on this topic would begin to appear, as well as interesting disputes and discussions would be conducted in the literature.

CONCLUSION

Social services are one of the types of assistance to those people who, for reasons beyond their control, cannot acquire a source of livelihood on their own. After all, it is the duty of the state to provide comprehensive support to its citizens in difficult situations for them, from which no one is immune.

Since Russia is going through a difficult period in many areas of life, there are crisis phenomena in the economy and politics, this naturally affects ordinary citizens. As a result, many people find themselves in difficult situations from which they are not able to get out on their own.

In the first chapter of the final qualification work, a general concept of social services was given, and the principles of social services, the rights and obligations of recipients of social services, forms and types of social services were considered.

Under the social service of citizens refers to the activity of providing social services to citizens.

Social services are carried out on the principles of equal, free access of citizens to social services; targeted provision of social services; the proximity of social service providers to the place of residence of recipients of social services, the sufficiency of the number of social service providers to meet the needs of citizens in social services, the sufficiency of financial, material, technical, human and information resources of social service providers; preservation of the citizen's stay in the usual favorable environment; voluntariness; privacy.

It was concluded that citizens exercise their subjective right to social services in the state system of social services by entering into social service relations.

Citizens, as subjects of legal relations in social services, also bear certain obligations that are expressly provided for in regulatory legal acts. These duties correspond to the rights of another subject of the legal relationship for social services.

Social services are provided to their recipients in the form of social services at home, or in a semi-stationary form, or in a stationary form.

The study of both international and Russian legislation on social services carried out in the second chapter of the work made it possible to draw the following conclusions.

The 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the European Social Charter, the Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labor Organization, the CIS Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and other important international documents establish human rights to social security . This indicates that caring for the elderly, the disabled, the disabled, children and supporting everyone who has lost their source of livelihood for reasons beyond their control is recognized as one of the universal values ​​in a civilized society.

Thus, international legal acts of all levels define the basic social standards, the level and types of social assistance.

The right to social services is an element of the social and legal status of citizens, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The elements of the legal status of a citizen also include a set of rights, freedoms, duties and legitimate interests of the individual, recognized and guaranteed by the state.

Special categories of citizens (elderly people, disabled people, orphans) on the basis of a general legal status can have a special status that provides them with additional rights, various benefits that are enshrined in legislation.

The right to social services can be considered as a constitutional right of citizens, based on the fact that it is an integral part of social security.

Social services in the Russian Federation are carried out both in the order of compulsory social insurance and at the expense of direct appropriations from the state and regional budgets.

The state at the legislative level defined social standards for the provision of social services and types of social services.

The norms of legislation on social services are in force at the federal, regional, municipal and local levels.

Considerable attention was paid to the new Federal Law No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”: the reasons for its adoption, novelties introduced by it and changes in the field of social services for the population.

A small comparative analysis was carried out with the previously valid Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled”.

The last chapter of the work explored the problems of social services in Russia, their causes, as well as prospects for further development.

It was noted that in developed countries there is a trend towards an increase in the absolute number and relative proportion of older people in the population.

One of the most vulnerable and unprotected categories of the population, and also quite numerous, are the elderly and the disabled. For objective reasons, they cannot provide themselves with proper material support and cannot take care of themselves, and therefore they need help from the state.

The main task of the state in relation to this social group is their material support (pensions, allowances, etc.), providing them with social assistance.

However, there are serious problems regarding social services. Thus, the continuing growth of the elderly population increases the burden on the health and social services, and the lack of funds leads to problems in the provision of medical and social assistance.

There is a problem expressed in the insufficiently high payment of social service workers and the lack of proper professionalism among many of them; unsatisfactory financial, logistical, personnel and information support for the activities of social service institutions.

The development and adoption of the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” made it possible to make a breakthrough on the way to an effective and productive existence and functioning of the entire system of social services.

As mentioned above, the regions can directly influence the successful development of social services by adopting regulatory legal acts on the issues of social services for their population, as well as by introducing additional types and guarantees of social services.

If the legal norms governing the provision of citizens with certain types of social services are combined into a general institution of social services, it is even possible to form in the future such a sub-branch in the system of social security law as the right to social services.

I would like to summarize and say that in the process of writing my thesis, I studied not only general concepts in the law of social services (such as principles, types, forms of social services, the concept of rights and obligations of recipients of social services, etc.), but also touched upon relevant problems that exist in the provision of social services to the population.

The most important normative acts regulating the provision of social services and the prospects for the development of legislation in this area were characterized. At the same time, judicial practice on the provision of social services was studied and some problems and issues faced by both citizens - recipients of these services, and various social organizations and services that provide them were identified.

Thus, I believe that the topic of the legal foundations of social services in the Russian Federation was disclosed in this final qualification work.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST:

Regulatory documents:

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: taking into account the amendments made by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, of July 21, 2014 N 11-FKZ. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted by the UN General Assembly on 12/10/1948) // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

3. International pact of 12/16/1966 "On economic, social and cultural rights" // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

4. European Social Charter (revised) (adopted in Strasbourg on 05/03/1996) // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

5. Convention N 159 of the International Labor Organization "On the vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities" [Russian, English] (Concluded in Geneva on 06/20/1983) // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015 .

6. Convention of the International Labor Organization N 102 "On the minimum standards of social security" (Geneva, June 28, 1952) // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

7. Convention of the Commonwealth of Independent States on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Minsk, May 26, 1995) // Consultant Plus: Reference and Legal System - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

8. Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

9. Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003 (as amended on March 30, 2015) “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

10. Federal Law No. 159-FZ of December 21, 1996 (as amended on December 31, 2014) “On Additional Guarantees for Social Support for Orphans and Children Left without Parental Care.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

11. Federal Law No. 5-FZ of January 12, 1995 (as amended on December 22, 2014, as amended on April 6, 2015) “On Veterans.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

12. Federal Law No. 181-FZ of November 24, 1995 (as amended on July 21, 2014, as amended on April 6, 2015) “On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

13. Federal Law of December 10, 1995 N 195-FZ (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

14. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1995 N 694 "On the sale of prosthetic and orthopedic products" // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

15. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 18, 1996 N 861 “On approval of the Procedure for the upbringing and education of disabled children at home and in non-state educational institutions” // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

16. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 8, 1996 N 670 “On Approval of the Model Regulations on the Establishment of Social Assistance for Persons without a Fixed Place of Residence and Occupation” // Garant: Reference and Legal System - M., 2015.

17. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2000 N 896 “On approval of model provisions on specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation” // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

18. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 25, 2007 N 608 "On the procedure for providing disabled people with services for the translation of Russian sign language (sign language translation, typhlosound translation)" // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

19. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2005 N 2347-r “On the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to the disabled” (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on 01/01/2015) // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

20. Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2002 N 25 “On approval of the Recommendations on the organization of the activities of specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation” // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

21. GOST R 52495-2005. “National standard of the Russian Federation. Social service of the population. Terms and definitions // M., Standartinform, 2006.

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1. Social security law in Russia: Textbook / Ed. K.N. Gusov. - M.: Prospekt, 2010. - 635 p.

2. Social security law in Russia: Textbook / Ed. E.G. Tuchkova. - M.: Prospekt, 2014. - 526 p.

3. Social security law: Textbook for bachelors / E. E. Machulskaya. - M.: Yurayt, 2014. - 587 p.

4. Blagodir A.L. Legal regulation of social services for citizens: author. dis. cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.05 / A.L. Blagodir. - M., 2002. - 30 p.

5. Borisov A.N. Commentary to the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Basics of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” (item-by-article) // Garant: Reference and Legal System - M., 2014.

6. Slobtsov I.A., Shashkova O.V., Shashmurina N.V. Commentary on the Federal Law of January 12, 1995 N 5-FZ "On Veterans" // Garant: Reference and Legal System, 2014.

7. Kiryanova T.P., Kozlova M.V. Social services for elderly citizens in the Russian Federation: organization and control by the state // Bulletin of Roszdravnadzor, No. 1. - 2011. - p. 12-16.

8. Kosenko O.Yu. Regional features of the functioning of the system of social protection of elderly citizens: state and problems // Economic Bulletin of the Rostov State University, no. 1-2. - 2010. - p. 174-179.

9. Novokreshenova I.G., Chunakova V.V. Organization of medical and social services for elderly citizens // CyberLeninka - scientific electronic library - M., 2015.

10. Chernova G.I., Svintsov A.A., Chernyakina T.S., Rad'kova E.A. Analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary institutions of social services for the population of the Russian Federation // Scientific Bulletin of the Belgorod State University, No. 10-1. - 2012. - p. 181-186.

Arbitrage practice:

Determination of the Primorsky Regional Court of December 24, 2014 in case N 33-11264 // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system http://www.consultant.ru/

Internet resources:

http://www.garant.ru/ - "Garant" - information and legal system;

http://cyberleninka.ru/ - "KiberLeninka" - scientific electronic library;

http://www.consultant.ru/ - "Consultant" - information and legal system.

Application No. 1

PRIMORSKY REGIONAL COURT

DEFINITION

Referee: Borshchenko T.A.

Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Primorsky Regional Court consisting of:

presiding judge Kadkin A.A.,

judges Vazhenina N.S., Marchenko O.S.,

with secretary M.,

considered in open court a civil case on the claim of the Regional State Autonomous Institution of Social Services (KGAUSO) "Sedankinsky Boarding Home for the Elderly and Disabled" against Sh. for the recovery of damages, amendments to the agreement on inpatient services, on the appeal of the defendant

against the decision of the Sovetsky District Court of the city of Vladivostok dated June 18, 2014, by which the stated requirements were satisfied.

After hearing the report of judge A.A.

installed:

KSAUSO "Sedansk home - boarding school for the elderly and disabled" filed a lawsuit against Sh., indicating that on March 12, 2008 with Sh. signed an agreement N 24/08 "On inpatient care for the elderly and disabled", which indicates the amount of monthly fees for inpatient services - amounting to 2243.67 rubles. On the same day, the defendant was accepted for inpatient care in a boarding school for veterans. Since the conclusion of this agreement, the amount of the cost of living and pensions has repeatedly changed due to rising consumer prices, in connection with this, additional agreements were drawn up to the agreement on increasing the monthly fee. For the period from April 1, 2012 to April 1, 2014, Sh. had a debt to pay for inpatient services in the institution in the amount of 89,270.60 rubles. The defendant voluntarily refuses to repay the debt.

KGAUSO "Sedansk home - boarding school for the elderly and disabled" asked to recover from Sh. losses on inpatient services for the period from April 1, 2012 to April 1, 2014 in the amount of 89,270.60 rubles, to amend paragraph 2.4 of the agreement on inpatient services for citizens the elderly and the disabled dated March 12, 2008 N 28/08, setting it out as follows: “The specific amount of the monthly fee for inpatient services (75% of the amount of the labor pension of a pensioner or disabled person) paid by the customer is 6936.00 rubles; collect expenses incurred to pay the state fee in the amount of 2878, 12 RUB.

The representative of the plaintiff supported the stated requirements.

Defendant Sh. did not recognize the claim.

The court made a decision by which it amended clause 2.1 of the agreement on inpatient services for elderly and disabled citizens dated March 12, 2008 N 28/08, setting it out as follows: "The specific amount of the monthly fee for inpatient services (75% of the amount of the pensioner's labor pension or a disabled person), contributed by the customer, is 6936 rubles.

He recovered from Sh. in favor of the Regional State Autonomous Institution of Social Services "Sedankinsky Boarding Home for the Elderly and the Disabled" losses on inpatient services for the period from April 1, 2012 to April 1, 2014, in the amount of 89,270.60 rubles. and expenses incurred to pay the state fee in the amount of 2878, 12 RUB.

In the appeal, Sh. asks for the decision to cancel as unlawful and unfounded.

Having checked the correctness of the application by the court of first instance of the norms of substantive and procedural law, having studied the materials of the case and discussed the arguments set forth in the appeal, the panel of judges believes that the decision should be left unchanged.

In accordance with Article 15 of the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation", social services are provided by social services free of charge and for a fee.

Paid social services in the state system of social services are provided in the manner established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The grounds for free social services in the state system of social services are established by Article 16 of the Law.

Article 24 of the Federal Law "On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled" provides that the procedure and conditions for the provision of free home, semi-stationary and stationary social services, as well as on terms of full or partial payment, are established by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Thus, the Federal Law provides for the right of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to independently determine measures of social support for elderly citizens and the disabled, and provides for the possibility of establishing a procedure for the provision of inpatient social services on the terms of its full payment.

On the basis of the above federal laws, by the Decree of the Governor of Primorsky Krai N 46-pg dated February 18, 2005, the "Procedure and conditions for the provision of free, as well as on terms of full or partial payment, home-based, semi-stationary and stationary social services on the territory of Primorsky Krai" were approved.

By virtue of paragraph 3.1 of this procedure, inpatient services for elderly citizens and the disabled by state stationary social service institutions are carried out for a fee, which is paid monthly. The amount of payment for inpatient care is not more than 75 percent of the pension of a pensioner or disabled person living in an inpatient facility.

Paragraph 3.2 stipulates that the payment for inpatient care and social services provided by stationary social service institutions cannot exceed their cost.

Clause 3.3 provides that inpatient care and the provision of social services are carried out on the basis of contracts concluded between state social service institutions and citizens, in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the legislation on social services.

It follows from the materials of the case that on March 12, 2008, between Sh. and the Main Investigative Directorate of the SSZN Sedanka boarding school for veterans, an agreement was concluded on inpatient services for the elderly and disabled.

Clause 2.1 of the specified agreement establishes the amount of the monthly fee for inpatient services, namely 75% of the amount of the labor pension and amounts to 2243.67 rubles.

The contract provides for the right of the contractor to change the payment stipulated by the contract in the event of a change in the amount of the pension received by the customer (clause 2.4).

June 1, 2010, July 1, 2010, April 1, 2011, April 1, 2012 Sh. signed additional agreements on changing the amount of payment for social services in KGAUSO "SDIPI", Sh. refused to sign other additional agreements, the relevant acts were drawn up.

The debt on payment of social services for the period from April 1, 2012 to April 1, 2014 is 89,270.60 rubles.

Taking into account the provisions of these rules of law, the court came to the correct conclusion that inpatient care for elderly citizens and disabled people is carried out for a fee, and the conclusion of contracts for inpatient services for elderly citizens and disabled people is mandatory by law. The amount of the monthly fee for inpatient services is determined by the institution, taking into account the approved nutritional standards, the standards for providing soft inventory, the level of consumer prices prevailing in the region, tariffs for utility bills and is reviewed no more than once a year.

The court also correctly amended clause 2.1 of the agreement on inpatient services for elderly and disabled citizens dated March 12, 2008 N 18/08, pointed out the need to state in the following wording "The specific amount of the monthly fee for inpatient services (75% of the amount of the retiree's labor pension or a disabled person) paid by the customer is 6936 rubles, since this fee does not exceed the cost of inpatient services and social services.

He rightfully recovered from Sh. in favor of the plaintiff losses for inpatient services for the period from April 1, 2012 to April 1, 2014, in the amount of 89,270.60 rubles. The calculation of the recovered damages is not disputed.

The arguments of the complaint that the defendant refused part of the social services (meals in the canteen "SDIPI") cannot serve as a basis for canceling the decision, since the law provides for the provision of inpatient services for an appropriate fee.

In accordance with Article 98 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the court rightfully recovered from the defendant the expenses of the plaintiff for paying the state fee, the amount of which was documented.

There are no grounds for setting aside the court's decision on the grounds of the appeal.

Guided by Articles 328, 329 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the Judicial Board

determined:

the decision of the Soviet District Court of the city of Vladivostok dated June 18, 2014 upheld, the appeal was dismissed.

2 The Constitution of the Russian Federation: taking into account the amendments made by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, of July 21, 2014 N 11 -FKZ. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

3 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

4 Federal Law No. 159-FZ of December 21, 1996 (as amended on December 31, 2014) “On Additional Guarantees for Social Support for Orphans and Children Left Without Parental Care”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

5 Federal Law of January 12, 1995 N 5-FZ (as amended on December 22, 2014, as amended on April 6, 2015) “On Veterans” // Consultant Plus: Reference and Legal System - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

6 Federal Law No. 181-FZ of November 24, 1995 (as amended on July 21, 2014, as amended on April 6, 2015) “On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

7 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

8 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

9 Social security law: Textbook for bachelors / E.E. Machulskaya. - M.: Yurayt, 2014. - S. 449.

10 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

11 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

12 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

13 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

14 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

15 Ibid.

16 Federal Law of December 10, 1995 N 195-FZ (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

17 Social Security Law of Russia: Textbook. / Rev. ed. E.G. Tuchkov. - M.: Prospekt Publishing House, 2014. - p. 489-490.

18 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted by the UN General Assembly on 12/10/1948) // Consultant Plus: Reference and Legal System - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

19 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted by the UN General Assembly on 12/10/1948) // Consultant Plus: Reference and Legal System - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

20 International pact dated 12/16/1966 "On economic, social and cultural rights" // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

21 European Social Charter (revised) (adopted in Strasbourg on 03.05.1996) // Consultant Plus: legal reference system - Prof.-M. Version, 2015.

22 Convention N 159 of the International Labor Organization "On the vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities" [Russian, English] (Concluded in Geneva on 06/20/1983) // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

23 Convention of the International Labor Organization N 102 "On the minimum standards of social security" (Geneva, June 28, 1952) // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

24 Convention of the Commonwealth of Independent States on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Minsk, May 26, 1995) // Consultant Plus: Reference and Legal System - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

25 The Constitution of the Russian Federation: taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, of July 21, 2014 N 11 -FKZ. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

26 The Constitution of the Russian Federation: taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, of July 21, 2014 N 11 -FKZ. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

27 Ibid.

28 Ibid.

29 The Constitution of the Russian Federation: taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, of July 21, 2014 N 11 -FKZ. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

30 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

31 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

32 Borisov A.N. Commentary to the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ "On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation" (item-by-article) // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2014.

33 See: ibid.

34 Federal Law No. 181-FZ of November 24, 1995 (as amended on July 21, 2014, as amended on April 6, 2015) “On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

35 Federal Law No. 181-FZ of November 24, 1995 (as amended on July 21, 2014, as amended on April 6, 2015) “On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

36 Federal Law No. 159-FZ of December 21, 1996 (as amended on December 31, 2014) “On Additional Guarantees for Social Support for Orphans and Children Left Without Parental Care.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

37 Federal Law No. 5-FZ of January 12, 1995 (as amended on December 22, 2014, as amended on April 6, 2015) “On Veterans.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

38 Slobtsov I.A., Shashkova O.V., Shashmurina N.V. Commentary on the Federal Law of January 12, 1995 N 5-FZ "On Veterans". // Garant: legal reference system, 2014.

39 Federal Law No. 159-FZ of December 21, 1996 (as amended on December 31, 2014) “On Additional Guarantees for Social Support for Orphans and Children Left Without Parental Care.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

40 Ibid.

41 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1995 N 694 “On the sale of prosthetic and orthopedic products” // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

42 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 18, 1996 N 861 “On approval of the Procedure for the upbringing and education of disabled children at home and in non-state educational institutions” // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

43 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 8, 1996 N 670 “On Approval of the Model Regulations on the Establishment of Social Assistance for Persons without a Fixed Place of Residence and Occupation” // Garant: Reference and Legal System - M., 2015.

44 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2000 N 896 “On the Approval of Model Regulations on Specialized Institutions for Minors in Need of Social Rehabilitation” // Garant: Reference and Legal System - M., 2015.

45 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 25, 2007 N 608 "On the procedure for providing disabled people with services for the translation of Russian sign language (sign language translation, sign language translation)" // Garant: reference and legal system - M., 2015.

46 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2005 N 2347-r “On the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to the disabled” (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on 01.01.2015) // Garant: for reference -legal system - M., 2015.

47 Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2002 N 25 “On approval of the Recommendations on the organization of the activities of specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation” // Garant: Reference and Legal System - M., 2015.

48 The Constitution of the Russian Federation: taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, of July 21, 2014 N 11 -FKZ. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

49 Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003 (as amended on March 30, 2015) “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation.” // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

50 GOST R 52495-2005. “National standard of the Russian Federation. Social service of the population. Terms and definitions // M., Standartinform, 2006.

51 Social Security Law of Russia: Textbook / Ed. ed. E.G. Tuchkov. - M.: Prospekt, 2014. - p. 109.

52 Blagodir, A.L. Legal regulation of social services for citizens: author. dis. cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.05 / A.L. Blagodir. - M., 2002. - p. 21.

53 Kiryanova T.P., Kozlova M.V. Social services for elderly citizens in the Russian Federation: organization and control by the state // Bulletin of Roszdravnadzor, No. 1. - 2011. - p. thirteen.

54 Chernova G.I., Svintsov A.A., Chernyakina T.S., Rad'kova E.A. Analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary institutions of social services for the population of the Russian Federation // Scientific Bulletin of the Belgorod State University, No. 10-1. - 2012. - p. 181.

55 Novokreshenova I.G., Chunakova V.V. Organization of medical and social services for elderly citizens // CyberLeninka - scientific electronic library - M., 2015.

56 Kosenko O.Yu. Regional features of the functioning of the system of social protection of elderly citizens: state and problems // Economic Bulletin of the Rostov State University, no. 1-2. - 2010. - p. 179.

57 Russian Social Security Law: Textbook / Ed. K.N. Gusov. - M.: Prospekt, 2010. - S. 454.

58 Determination of the Primorsky Regional Court dated December 24, 2014 in case No. 33-11264 // Consultant Plus: Reference and Legal System - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

59 Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”. // Consultant Plus: reference and legal system - Version Prof.-M., 2015.

60 Blagodir, A.L. Legal regulation of social services for citizens: author. dis. cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.05 / A.L. Blagodir. - M., 2002. - p. 21-22.

61 Ibid.: p. eight.

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3.1 Problems of social services and ways to solve them

Social services are an objective need of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. However, at present the level of efficiency of social services is not high enough. This is due to various factors, among which, first of all, economic. It is expressed in the lack of funding for the sphere of social services, which leads to the low quality of social services, their inaccessibility, the shortage of personnel for social workers, and poor material and technical equipment of social service institutions.

The next factor hindering the successful development of the institution of social services is the imperfection of the legislation, its inconsistency and fragmentation, duplication of some acts by others. Often, there are no clearly defined concepts of a particular type of social service. This creates difficulties in studying and law enforcement practice.

In Russian society, a large number of people with signs of disability. It is no secret that in recent years the country has been experiencing a deterioration in the state of health of the nation, an aging society, low security, and unemployment.

Obviously, in the area under consideration, solutions require problems in two main areas: in the field of socio-economic development and legislative regulation. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

To address many issues, measures are needed to reform social services. In particular, it is necessary to move to a funded system in the field of social services - social insurance, when citizens, through personal contributions to the fund being formed, will be able to receive social services when they find themselves in a difficult life situation.

A measure that can change the financial situation is the creation of a state off-budget fund for social services, which will allow to concentrate the available revenues (tax and other), and in the future to spend them exclusively in the field of social services.

The next step could be the development of a non-state system of social services, in particular, strengthening the role of public organizations (trade unions, religious organizations, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.).

Reforming the sphere of social services, it is also necessary to pursue a policy of regional alignment in order to form an equal level of social services throughout the country. However, here it is important not to allow an egalitarian approach and apply individual measures to different regions. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

One of the measures to improve the situation in the field of social services is to provide the regions with the opportunity to search for additional non-standard solutions, for example, stimulating charitable activities, developing non-traditional types of social services, such as a sanatorium at home or a social service institution on wheels.

In the field of protection of the disabled, one of the most vulnerable categories, it is necessary to: increase the volume and quality of manufactured prosthetic and orthopedic products, rehabilitation means; an increase in the number of institutions specializing in such production; equipping places for training disabled people in general educational institutions, expanding the network of specialized educational institutions.

As part of the improvement of legislation, it is necessary to adopt a codified act at the level of law that regulates the main issues in the field of social services. This will streamline and systematize the existing legislation on social services.

In further work with the legislative framework, it is important to expand the subject composition of those in need, to move away from the concept of social services as an institution that regulates the relations of a narrow circle of subjects, only the elderly, the disabled and the low-income.

Social services for the population is a mechanism that allows you to practically solve complex issues of the life of society, the family and the individual. Therefore, it is important that social priorities and guarantees are firmly fixed in the legislation. Gradually, a new model of the social service system should be built that meets the current needs of society and the economic capabilities of the state. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

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Modern researchers identify the main problems of the inhabitants of the metropolis: poverty, poverty, low level of material support of part of the population.

2. Problems of pension provision for citizens of the Russian Federation as the main type of social security. The main problem here is the lack of stability in pension provision due to constant changes in pension legislation. In 2015, it was changed again. However, these changes, despite the fact that they are neither economically nor demographically justified, at the same time complicated the possibility of providing pensions to certain categories of citizens. In particular, an increase in the insurance period, as a necessary condition for the appointment of a pension, puts in a difficult position, for example, residents of rural areas where jobs are not created and the population lives on “subsistence farms” or temporary earnings.

3. Problems of staffing the assessment of the quality of social services for the elderly and disabled (lack of awareness, low level of competence of the staff of institutions to assess the quality of social services);

4. Problems of organizing the assessment of the quality of social services (there is no exchange of experience in the work of public councils of other social service institutions; the difficulty of explaining to clients due to their age and health why the system of payment for social services is changing now; financial and human costs in monitoring the assessment of the quality of social services and sociological surveys on the problem of quality assessment);

The problem of insufficiently effective monitoring of older people in need of social assistance should be identified. Not all older people turn to social protection authorities to receive social services. Moreover, this problem is also related to the prevention of difficult life situations in which older people find themselves. In order for both preventive and corrective measures of social protection to be effective, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive studies of urgent problems of the elderly population of the country (in relation to each subject of Russia, monitoring should be carried out by the relevant territorial authorities).

As for the organizational aspect of such monitoring, in this case it is necessary to build on the concept of “social risks” to which older people are exposed. In other words, in order to prevent a decline in the quality of life of older people and provide them with effective social support, it is necessary to continuously study the social risks of older people, the frequency and pattern of their manifestation, and develop appropriate social mechanisms for their elimination (suitable social services).

There is a problem of insufficient connection of social services with the problem of ensuring a high level of quality of life for the elderly. Unfortunately, most of the measures taken as part of the social protection of the elderly are aimed at eliminating the fact and consequences of a difficult life situation that does not allow an elderly person to lead a normal life. We believe that in addition to the corrective activity of social services, it is necessary to stimulate both preventive and providing, within the framework of which effective measures will be taken aimed at improving the quality of life of older people in Russia.

Thirdly, the last change in the legislative provision of the institution of social services for the elderly remains ambiguous. The 2015 reform (the implementation of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Basics of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”) assumes that the state will be the customer of social services, while commercial organizations can become contractors .

On the one hand, this will improve the quality of social services at home, since commercial organizations have greater financial opportunities due to the relatively free budget. But, on the other hand, the active participation of business units in the institution of social services can become the reason for its commercialization. This will be an extremely unfavorable consequence: older people, as a rule, do not have the necessary amount of money to ensure an adequate level of quality of life today, and with increasing need for funds, they will become completely unable to provide for their needs.

Despite the advantages of the new Federal Law on the basics of social services for citizens, indicated in the letter of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated February 05, 2014 No. service of citizens in the Russian Federation”, the adopted legislative act has a serious drawback in the form of a flaw in the concept of “social support”.

On the one hand, the provisions on social support seem to fit into the mainstream of the decision taken at the meeting of the State Council of the Russian Federation, dedicated to the policy in the field of family, motherhood and childhood, by the President of the Russian Federation life situation and needs social protection, in the direction of creating conditions for improving the level and quality of life of an ordinary, ordinary Russian family, its social prestige, work to combat the causes of problems), as they are aimed at preventing the circumstances that cause the need for citizens in social services. On the other hand, the introduced changes on social support directly contradict the change in the vector of family policy, as they can lead to targeted interference in the affairs of Russian families, including prosperous families.

Based on the study, it is possible to formulate a number of conclusions and proposals for the development of social support for the population, the solution of which may affect the result of the modernization of the social support system. In our opinion, such a system should have the following targets:

1. Creation of various types of social insurance and an extensive social infrastructure to provide citizens of the state with a wide range of social services.

2. Construction of insurance systems on a professional basis and taking into account regional specifics, taking into account the nature of social risks as much as possible and providing an accurate calculation of the financial resources necessary and sufficient to fulfill insurance obligations for specific types of social risks and not allowing hidden redistribution.

3. Increasing personal responsibility for creating the conditions of their lives, which consists in the mandatory payment by the employee of insurance premiums for certain types of social insurance.

4. The implementation of social insurance mainly by those insurance organizations that are not directly dependent on the state.

5. Development of self-government mechanisms by insurance institutions

Conclusion

Thus, social services for citizens are an integral part of social security and play a significant role in minimizing the adverse consequences of social risks for citizens. This is not only an opportunity to receive urgent assistance in the form of food, clothing, and other essentials, but also the provision of temporary accommodation, the provision of psychological, legal assistance and the possibility of obtaining other social services.

In the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”, social work as a theory of the middle level is designed to ensure the effectiveness of social services for the population. At the same time, the effectiveness of social services is largely determined by the level of professional specialists, their ability to work with a person - a specific person or group of people.

Social support currently plays an important role, since the person (family) who applied for it needs urgent assistance and full integration into society, which is hampered by material and other difficulties. The task of the specialists providing this assistance is not just the provision of material assistance, consultations, the provision of personal services, but the activation of the client's internal potential and its direction to resolve life's difficulties. The adoption of the law significantly expands the range of possibilities with which it is possible to achieve this. For example, an incomplete family consisting of a mother and a child and in need of financial support, according to the new law, can count not only on household assistance, but also on the provision of a nanny who will look after the child during the absence of the mother. Even more important is the fact that social services (if the child is of preschool age), with interdepartmental cooperation, will help to arrange a child in a kindergarten, and for a mother to find a job.

Such measures will make social services more efficient, since the activities of social workers will be aimed not at a one-time provision of services, but at providing such assistance, which in the future will help the recipient cope with life's difficulties on their own.

Further study of issues of improving the provision of medical care to citizens who are in stationary social service organizations will be carried out as part of the implementation of the Strategy for Action in the Interests of Senior Citizens in the Russian Federation until 2025, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 5, 2016 No. 164-r , which provides for the creation of a geriatric service as a unified system of long-term medical care due to the continuity of patient management by various levels of the health care system, as well as health and social protection services.

The problematic aspects of the development of social services, at present, include:

1. Problems of organizing compulsory social insurance as a source of funds for social security. They are connected with the fact that the number of types of compulsory social insurance in Russia is very large, which places a very heavy burden on the budget. On the other hand, they cannot be abandoned, as this violates the obligations assumed by the state. Changing the system of compulsory social insurance for the better is possible through its qualitative reform, which is seen through the gradual denationalization of the system of compulsory insurance and the introduction of mutual insurance into it.

2. Problems of pension provision for citizens of the Russian Federation as the main type of social security. The main problem here is the lack of stability in pension provision due to constant changes in pension legislation. In 2015, it was changed once again. However, these changes, despite the fact that they are neither economically nor demographically justified, at the same time complicated the possibility of providing pensions to certain categories of citizens. In particular, an increase in the insurance period, as a necessary condition for the appointment of a pension, puts in a difficult position, for example, residents of rural areas in which jobs are not created and the population lives on “subsistence farms” or temporary earnings.

Based on the requirements of No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”, the strategic goal of the center is to create conditions for a full decent life for elderly citizens and the disabled. Its achievement is envisaged through:

1. Improving the efficiency and quality of the provision of social services to their recipients, first of all, by keeping them as long as possible in their usual favorable social conditions;

2. Implementation of a set of measures aimed at preserving and strengthening health, promoting a healthy lifestyle among the elderly and disabled;

3. Creation of conditions for prolonging their active longevity.

FINAL QUALIFICATION WORK

on the topic:

The main directions of development of the sphere of social services for the population on the example of a municipal budgetary institution Complex Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical and regulatory framework for the organization of social services for the population in the Russian Federation

1 The main directions of state and municipal social policy in the Russian Federation

2 Features of the organization of social protection and social services in the Russian Federation and abroad

3 Experience in organizing social services in urban districts: problems and prospects

Chapter 2

1 Organizational and regulatory framework for the activities of the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

3 Analysis of the activities and quality of services provided by the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

Chapter 3

1 Problems and difficulties in the activities of the MBU Complex Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region. Factors and reasons hindering the improvement of the quality of service

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

In the conditions of reforming the country, the formation of market relations, economic and political crises, tens of millions of people (pensioners, disabled people, orphans, refugees, etc.) need emergency social assistance and protection. The following facts testify to the seriousness of social tension in Russia: the number of orphans with living parents is increasing, every second or third marriage breaks up, in terms of the number of abortions performed, Russia is far ahead of highly developed countries, about a million disabled children need material, psychological and legal assistance, the number of crimes committed by teenagers is on the rise. Russia has not only reached the “forefront” in terms of the number of alcoholics, but is also confidently catching up with other countries in terms of the number of drug addicts and substance abusers. Social ill-being has led to increased child abuse, psychological stress, illness, suicide, and prostitution.

Colossal experience of social work has been accumulated in the world, including with these groups of the population. There is also considerable domestic experience. The processes of exacerbation of social relations require reflection, analysis and generalization. It is necessary to develop a scientifically substantiated concept of social work with the population, to develop social technologies, understandable and convincing methods of organizing and conducting social work. As world experience shows, in many countries, neither social development programs nor the social policy of the state can do without taking into account the activities of social workers.

At present, the priority direction of reforming social policy is the implementation of the transition to a new, more effective model of social policy - a targeted social system. The model of targeted social policy is characterized by differentiation in the performance of social functions of the state in relation to different segments of the population, redistribution of social spending by the state in favor of the most vulnerable groups of the population, increasing the efficiency of the social system, and reducing social tension in society.

The level of social tension, the volume and nature of the accumulated social problems require a step-by-step, evolutionary approach to building a new model of social policy. In the process of transition to a targeted social system, the following main stages can be distinguished: anti-crisis management of social processes in society; achieving social stability; sustainable development of the social sphere. One of the main directions of social policy is the sphere of social services. Social service institutions are included in the structure of social protection. That is, organizationally and financially, social service institutions are subordinate to social protection institutions.

The object of study is the MBU Complex Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region. The subject of study is the organization of social services for the population in the Bagansky district of the Novosibirsk region.

In accordance with the goal, it is supposed to solve the following tasks:

to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation;

analyze the activities of the institutions of the MBU Complex Center for Social Services for the Population;

suggest directions for improving the social protection of the population.

The legal framework for social protection of certain categories of the population is developed by the following laws of the Russian Federation - "On forced migrants", "On employment in the Russian Federation", "On the social protection of the disabled", "On social services for the elderly and disabled", "On the basics of labor protection in the Russian Federation”, “On the Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation”, etc.

Interest in the formation and functioning of the system of social protection of the population at the present stage is shown by many researchers of modern Russian society. So the foundations of the organization of social protection of the population are considered in the works of such authors as M.I. Lepikhov, N. Podshibyakina, V. Sharin and others.

The economic foundations of social protection of the population are considered by V.D. Roik, T.S. Panteleeva, G.A. Chervyakov and others.

The main directions and principles of social work are presented in the works of A.I. Voitenko, E.I. Komarova, A.N. Savinova, P.D. Pavlenok and others.

The set goals and objectives are achieved using such research methods as analysis of documents and legal acts, comparative analysis, analysis of statistical data, participant observation, generalization.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it defines the advantages and disadvantages in the formation and functioning of the system of social protection of the population in the municipality, and also makes proposals for its optimization.

The practical significance of the work is determined by the fact that the results of the study can be used in the development of social programs, as well as in the educational process, in the professional training of specialists.

The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of references.

Chapter 1. Theoretical and regulatory framework for the organization of social services for the population in the Russian Federation

1.1 The main directions of state and municipal social policy in the Russian Federation

Social policy in the Russian Federation proceeds from the constitutional definition of Russia as a social state, whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.

In the Russian Federation, labor and health of people are protected, a guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly, and a system of social support is being developed; services, state pensions, allowances and other guarantees of social protection are established (Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

The Constitution guarantees everyone social security in old age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases established by law (Articles 38-39).

For these purposes, the Russian Federation is developing a system of state and municipal services, providing state support for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, disabled and elderly citizens, and establishing state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection.

The Constitution proclaims the right of everyone:

to work in conditions that meet the requirements of safety and hygiene (Article 37);

for housing (Article 40);

for medical care in state and municipal health care institutions at the expense of budgetary funds, insurance premiums, and other: sources (Article 41);

for free pre-school, basic general and secondary vocational education in state and municipal educational institutions and enterprises (Article 43);

for the use of cultural and leisure institutions and cultural property (Article 44).

The Russian system of social policy is based on the principles of “who you are” (the availability of social pensions and a developed system of categorical benefits) and “what have you done” (the system of labor pensions). The “what you have” principle is used in part, for example, in the determination of housing subsidies and the payment of child benefits.

Thus, social policy in the Russian Federation is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees every citizen social security by age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases established by law.

One of the main tasks of local governments is the formation and implementation of municipal social policy.

Municipal social policy is a system of goals, objectives and mechanisms for their implementation, aimed at providing the population with social services, at maintaining and developing the social sphere of the municipality.

Municipal social policy is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with public authorities, primarily with the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Through the municipal social policy, both the own powers of local self-government and the state powers transferred to the municipal level in the social sphere are implemented.

The social sphere and social policy (state and municipal) can be considered in a broader and narrower sense of the word. In a broad sense, the social sphere includes everything that ensures human life. In this sense, all municipal policy is social. In a narrower sense, the social sphere of the municipality, as mentioned, is understood as the sphere of reproduction of the person himself, his physical and spiritual parameters, while the reproduction of the material and material environment of the human habitat refers to the city-serving sphere.

The social policy of the state is a system of principles, goals, objectives and means that ensure such a socially acceptable and acceptable material, political, cultural position of social groups and strata of the population, in which they can realize their personal interests and contribute to their own development and the development of society in various activities. in general.

Social policy is carried out through the interests of people and acts as a management of interests. It is designed to eliminate the contradiction between the conflicting interests of various subjects, between the current and future interests of society.

The state of the social sphere in this sense serves as an integral indicator of the effectiveness of the country's economy, the humanity of jurisprudence and the political structure of society, its spirituality. The most important tasks of the state social policy are to ensure the integrity of the community, its stability, the possibility of dynamic development, and the prevention of social conflicts. Management of the social sphere is carried out at all levels of public authority: federal, regional and municipal. The functions of each level are determined in accordance with the legislatively delimited powers.

Thus, the municipal social policy is aimed at providing the population with social services, at maintaining and developing the social sphere of the municipality. Municipal social policy is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with public authorities. Social policy is carried out through the interests of people and acts as a management of interests.

When developing social policy, priorities should be determined, which at this particular moment are the most urgent and urgent for society, requiring a priority decision. State and municipal social policy is implemented through social planning and management through a system of social events and programs conducted by federal, regional and local authorities.

The most important mechanism for implementing the social policy of the state is the system of state minimum social standards. Social standard - the minimum required level of satisfaction of the social needs of the population. Some examples of minimum social standards:

the minimum level of wages;

the minimum level of social pensions and other social payments;

mandatory standards and programs within which education is free;

a list of medical and preventive services provided at the expense of budgetary funds.

Minimum social standards are designed to establish those threshold values ​​of social benefits for a person, below which it is impossible to fall (from the standpoint of modern representatives about the level and quality of life). This “standard” level of social benefits, guaranteed to every person, should be affordable or even free for the consumer, i.e. partially or fully paid from budgetary and extrabudgetary funds.

Social standards are expressed through social norms. Social norms are uniform or group measures of social needs for homogeneous territories. Examples of social norms:

the rate of provision of the population with institutions of the socio-cultural sphere;

occupancy rates of school classes and groups in preschool institutions;

norms for providing the population with certain social services;

norms of personnel and material support in the provision of social services.

Compliance with minimum social standards and norms requires large budget expenditures. In recent years, Russia has adopted a large number of federal laws establishing certain social benefits that are not funded. In this regard, the task of reasonably limiting the total number of social benefits and delimiting social standards into federal, regional and municipal ones is relevant. At the same time, the most important minimum social standards should remain at the federal level. Each level of the budgetary system must provide funding for the social standards and norms it has introduced and bring them into line with the available financial resources.

The tasks of the federal level of power include establishing the foundations of state social policy, legal regulation of relations in the social sphere, developing federal programs for the country's social development, developing and approving state minimum social standards at the federal level, and providing state guarantees for their implementation.

The constituent entities of the Russian Federation develop the foundations of a regional social policy, taking into account the historical and cultural traditions of the territory; establish regional social standards and norms that take into account state minimum social standards; take care of the preservation and strengthening of the social infrastructure owned by the subjects of the Russian Federation; organize training, retraining and advanced training of employees in the field of education, culture, healthcare, social protection of the population; ensure compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in all spheres of social policy.

The municipal level is called upon to specify the methods, methods and mechanisms for achieving the goals defined in the framework of federal and regional social policy, in relation to the characteristics of specific territories. The task of local governments, as the closest to the population, is the direct provision of a range of social services that ensure the living conditions of a person and his reproduction.

On the basis of regional norms and standards, local governments can develop local social norms and standards that take into account the specifics of a particular municipality.

The actual volume of social services provided to the population by local governments is as follows:

complex centers of social service for veterans and other social groups;

social rehabilitation centers and social shelters for minors;

homes for the disabled and the elderly;

orphanages;

centers of psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population, etc.

Local self-government bodies also carry out activities and maintain organizational structures to combat drug addiction, child homelessness, promote the organization of employment of the population, participate in the preparation and registration of labor agreements between labor collectives and employers on the territory of municipalities, in resolving labor disputes.

The modern period of development of human society has brought the understanding that a democratic, rule of law state can solve the main tasks only if there is a developed system of self-government. Constituting one of the foundations of the constitutional system of a rule-of-law state, local self-government makes it possible to democratize the administrative apparatus, effectively resolve local issues and ensure that the interests of local communities are taken into account in the conduct of state policy, and optimally combine the interests and rights of a person and the interests of the state.

Local self-government plays an important role in the implementation of one of the main tasks of our time - combining the interests of the state, society and the individual into a single whole, since the main meaning, the essence of local self-government is to harmonize the rights and freedoms of man and citizen at the level of each individual individual with the interests of the state and society. It is this orientation of local self-government that meets the ideas of a modern democratic legal social state, the highest value of which is a person, his rights and freedoms.

The Russian Federation, after a long break, is trying to return to a civilized system of social management, including state administration and local self-government.

Local self-government must be considered as a multifaceted, multifaceted and multifaceted social phenomenon. Modern local self-government should be considered as a mechanism of interaction between territorial communities and the state, the main task of which is to harmonize relevant interests.

The formation of local self-government is a task not only of local self-government itself, but also of state power at all its levels.

The development of local self-government is impossible without the support of the state, its political decisions based on civil initiatives of the population. Currently, the formation of local self-government is hampered by a number of unresolved problems related to the imperfection of the current legal framework, including: the lack of federal regulatory legal regulation that ensures the clear implementation of a number of norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on local self-government; the absence of a clear normative legal division of powers between public authorities and local governments; internal inconsistency and lack of system in the legislation of the Russian Federation on local self-government; the inefficiency of legislative support for the financial and economic independence of municipalities; imperfection of the system of judicial protection of the interests of local self-government.

Speaking about the relationship of local self-government with state institutions, it is also necessary to emphasize that local self-government is one of the forms of democracy - both direct and representative. Public principles in local self-government are intended to increase the activity of the population in solving issues of managing state and public affairs. The combination of state and public in local self-government is very important in practical terms. With the help of the unity of these two principles, the most important social and state tasks are solved.

Thus, if we look broadly at the designated problem of interaction between the state and local self-government, then we can interpret state and local government bodies as elements of a single system of social management, public authority that ensures the life of society as a whole. The larger the state, the more difficult it is to confine ourselves to centralized bureaucratic management, the more necessary elements of self-government are included in general management.

According to the Constitution, the issues of joint jurisdiction include the coordination of health matters; protection of the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood; social protection, including social security;

Such a relationship between state and self-government principles is due to deeper and more objective factors, including the degree of socio-economic maturity of society, the correlation and alignment of social groups - class, estate, ethnic, etc., the nature of their struggle or cooperation, spiritual, national, cultural traditions, features of the geopolitical position, historical development, the demographic state of society, etc.

The state is a complex system that includes socio-economic and territorial-state formations (subjects of the Federation), within which there are smaller organizational entities (districts, cities, etc.). The state embodies the integration of interests, norms and needs of citizens and social groups, due to living in a certain territory.

At present, the organization of self-government has become one of the most important political tasks.

The formation of local self-government requires the development of an institution for exercising state powers, primarily in the social sphere, which is the closest and most painful for the population.

The social sphere is where there should be a clear and intensive interaction between state power and local self-government in the name of the interests of the population, each person.

The task of local self-government is to provide social comfort to every member of society, to realize the main slogan of the welfare state - to create a decent standard of living for a person.

This is the social meaning, the purpose of local self-government in today's conditions.

1.2 Features of the organization of social protection and social services in the Russian Federation and abroad

The system of social protection of the population is one of the institutions for the implementation of socio-economic policy, the purpose of which is to ensure social stability and sustainable economic development of society. To achieve this goal, an effective mechanism is needed to protect the able-bodied population from social risks. Social risks are: illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, injuries, unemployment, migration, loss of housing, old age, poverty and any person can be exposed to them during his life.

Social protection of the population is currently understood as a set of legally established economic, social, legal guarantees and rights, social institutions and institutions that ensure their implementation and create conditions for maintaining the life of various social strata and groups of the population, primarily socially vulnerable.

The social protection system should guarantee:

Decent social existence of a person, respect for his honor and dignity;

The most complete coverage of social space, because it is impossible to protect those who are not included in the system;

Uniform and balanced distribution of services, payments and benefits within the entire social system;

The effectiveness of the functioning of social protection institutions.

The object of social protection is all population groups. However, special priorities are given to its vulnerable layers: families with low incomes, the disabled, the elderly, orphans, single parents and large families, victims of environmental disasters, etc.

In world practice, two types of social protection of the population are distinguished - active and passive social protection. Active social protection is focused on able-bodied members of society and involves the creation of conditions for self-defense of people, primarily through active actions in the labor market and through their participation in social insurance. Passive social protection is aimed at disabled and socially vulnerable segments of the population and consists, first of all, in direct material support.

In this regard, there are two main approaches to understanding the essence of social protection:

Social protection is the social security of citizens and their families, transformed to new socio-economic conditions:

Social protection of the population is social assistance provided to certain categories of people in the form of social payments, assistance in kind and social services and has a targeted character.

The International Labor Organization (ILO) classifies social insurance and social assistance as social protection. The ILO conventions formulate the basic principles of social protection of the population, regulate the minimum level of various types of social protection and the categories of the population to which they should apply. National systems of social protection are formed on the basis of ILO conventions, taking into account the specifics of the economic, social and cultural development of a particular country.

The system of social protection of the population and professional social work are closely connected and interdependent. As a professional activity, social work presupposes the existence of the necessary legislative and regulatory framework, a developed infrastructure, trained personnel, in a word, everything that can represent social protection as a social institution. The system of social protection, first of all, at the micro level, is a kind of "organizational-legal field" for social work. In turn, with the help of social work, the functions of social protection are implemented. The arrival of trained specialists in social work increases the effectiveness of social protection measures.

Currently, in countries with a market economy, various organizational and legal forms of social protection of the population are used. The leading ones, as mentioned above, are currently social insurance and social assistance, which include various payments and services. In different countries, these indicated forms developed depending on historical conditions and therefore, despite the similarity of tasks, they have differences in approaches and methods.

Features of the emergence of systems of social protection of the population in the United States and Western Europe

The development of the system of social protection of the population on the European continent has a longer history.

So, for example, in Great Britain the first decrees concerning social problems appeared in the 16th century during the reign of Henry Y111 (1531). They ordered the registration of beneficiaries and obliged local authorities, including church leaders, to make contributions to the funds for the poor. It was the first attempt to move from church uncontrolled charity to a centralized system. Even then, the authorities came to the conclusion that by some redistribution of society's resources in favor of certain individuals, social problems can be eliminated or at least alleviated (Schweinitz "England's road Social Security").

In 1607, Queen Elizabeth brought all laws and decrees into one "Law for the Poor", which lasted a very long time, was often revised, and over time numerous changes were made to it, giving social assistance an increasingly humane character. For example, in the middle of the 19th century, targeted assistance programs for specific social groups were already introduced in England, and this circle of persons eligible for social assistance was constantly expanding.

However, the Industrial Revolution posed new problems that required a radical reform of English social law. Sydney and Beatrice Webbs played a major role in this direction, setting out in their report to the Parliamentary Commission on the Affairs of the Poor new principles of social assistance, such as universality, obligation and orientation towards the elimination of social problems.

Since 1909, many new laws have been passed in Great Britain, which reflect the changes that have taken place in the mass consciousness and changes in social policy. In 1911, the National Insurance Law was passed, introducing compulsory insurance against sickness and unemployment. In 1925, laws were passed on old-age pensions and benefits for widows and orphans. Under the Local Administration Act, passed in 1929, social assistance committees were established, subordinate to local administration (county councils) and carrying out local social work. In 1934, the Unemployment Act was passed, which established a nationwide council for the unemployed, and under which assistance was provided to uninsured persons, additional benefits were paid to pensioners and widows. Thus, in the 30s. in Great Britain, the unemployed, widows, orphans and war invalids received centralized assistance. Other categories of the population received social assistance from local administrations (county councils).

In other European countries, social protection systems do not have such deep roots. But, as in the UK in countries such as Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, social protection as a system of legislative, economic and social guarantees for all groups of the population began to take shape at about the same time, towards the end of the 19th century.

For example, in Germany, Bismarck, in order to avoid the creation of an independent system by the workers themselves, passes a series of social laws: the law on health insurance (1884), the law on insurance against accidents (1885), the law on insurance in connection with old age and disability (1891 ). The created system of social protection was associated at that time in Germany, mainly with labor in industrial enterprises.

In Sweden, the development of the social insurance system began at the same time as in Germany, in the 80s of the XIX century, and the main attention was first paid to social assistance at work. Since 1913, the first national social security program (the system of national pensions) began to be implemented. The next, third stage in the development of social insurance in Sweden is associated with the release of the Social Services Act in 1982, which includes all areas of social activity of the state.

In the United States, according to American scholars, the federal government "for a long time did not feel any responsibility for charity." Of course, it created hospitals, agencies, but, in general, did not determine the policy. Researchers believe that this was due to the peculiarities of the emergence of the US state. Stefan Bechki writes that in the United States the conviction has long reigned that every person is the blacksmith of his own happiness and the state should not interfere in his life, since success is predetermined by the Almighty. Charitable organizations took care of the poor, as mentioned above. An important feature of American self-help society was the willingness of people to help each other. Assistance was provided by neighbors within ethnic groups and was aimed at overcoming the difficulties associated with resettlement. It contributed to the formation of a phenomenal sense of responsibility of everyone for the common good deed. Need and poverty were seen most often as the result of personal mistakes. Therefore, a person was expected to find the strength in himself and be able to refuse to help for the benefit of others. And only when industrialization began to rapidly transform the United States, it became clear that poverty is not a consequence of human error.

The first steps in this direction were taken by the state authorities in the 1920s. They began to allocate funds and create official organizations in charge of assistance. That is, the development of state support went from the bottom up. Recall that at that time there were already professional social workers who criticized the activities of officials and developed their own methods of work. The term "social security" became widespread at the same time as the term "social work" - at the beginning of the 20th century. Gradually, the concept of "social security system" began to refer to programs and agencies, and the term "social work" - their activities. Looking ahead, let's say that the term "social service", according to Americans, means the type of agency and the functions it performs.

In 1935, President Roosevelt passed the Social Security Act, which included old-age insurance and unemployment benefits. Researchers believe that the passage of this law is the beginning of the modern welfare system in the United States. Since 1935, social work has been developing in North America in the context of active state intervention in the social sphere. And until the 1930s, the principle of "solid individualism" dominated the social policy of the United States, and state intervention was declared an un-American approach. Therefore, some domestic authors call the American model of social security American individualism. Russian authors call the European model "European traditionalism", opposing the American one. But the division is in reality purely conditional. It should not be about the actual American or European model of social work, but about models for the implementation of social policy, about various forms of implementing the concept of social welfare.

Principles and functions of social protection systems in Western European countries

Almost all Western European countries use social insurance against social risk and provide social assistance to people below the poverty line.

However, the systems of social insurance and social assistance in these countries are implemented in different ways, and in this regard, they can be divided into four groups:

Countries where insurance principles dominate, where the amounts of payments and benefits are linked to individual insurance premiums;

Countries where the insurance principles of social protection of the population are less pronounced, where the amounts of benefits and payments are more in line with individual needs, and financing is carried out mainly from tax funds;

Countries occupying an intermediate position between the first two;

Countries where there is no system of social protection of the population, as such, yet, it is only being formed.

The first group includes Germany, France, Belgium and Luxembourg. In these countries, population protection systems are based on contractual insurance principles. Employed workers pay a certain percentage of their income to an insurance fund, which gives them the right to use the services of the fund when they need assistance in amounts corresponding to the savings in the insurance fund. At the same time, employers, on behalf of their employees, also contribute certain amounts to this insurance fund.

In most cases, the amount of payments from the insurance fund depends on wages and is related to the amount that has been accumulated from the contributions of the employee and the employer. The exceptions are medical expenses and family benefits. The main purpose of this system is to maintain the standard of living of a person in case of illness, disability and job loss. Such a system makes it possible to redistribute a person's income throughout his physical life. In all European countries, insurance contributions are the main source of social protection financing. In some cases, the fund can be expanded by more or less deductions from the general expenditure item of the national budget, through tax payments.

However, in all countries of this group, the state assumes an obligation to citizens to ensure that the income of any citizen does not fall below the guaranteed minimum, regardless of how much income he received earlier and how much he contributed to the insurance fund. This type of payment is made from the national budget.

Health care is also mainly financed by insurance premiums, but a minimum of medical care is guaranteed from the budget. Medical care is mainly borne by the private sector, with subsequent reimbursement of citizens' expenses at the expense of the state.

The second group of countries, which includes the UK, Denmark, Ireland, differs from the first in that social protection is less related to insurance savings. In these countries, the state budget plays an important role in financing the social sphere. Social payments and benefits are distributed more evenly. This distribution is based on the idea that people in need are equal, so social assistance should be provided based on the needs of the person, and not on his previous income. The difference between payments and benefits lies mainly in the fact that social payments are mandatory, every citizen has the right to claim them by law, and benefits are not given to everyone, depending on the need and the nature of social risk. In these countries, health care is concentrated mainly in the public sector.

The third group of countries includes the Netherlands and Italy, representing a mixed social security system. However, their systems are closer to those of the first group of countries. But there are also certain differences. In Italy, for example, the state does not assume the obligation to pay a guaranteed social minimum income. Such guarantees are given only by some local authorities in certain areas. In the Netherlands, on the contrary, social security is at a very high level of development, and the system covers every inhabitant of the country.

Spain, Portugal, Greece belong to the fourth group of countries. The systems of social protection of the population of these countries are still in their infancy. In these countries there is no guaranteed minimum income, and social services are not available to all citizens.

In all European countries, social protection is multifunctional. As a rule, it performs 11 functions corresponding to the main social risks to which a person is exposed throughout life.

Risk of illness: payments correspond to full or partial compensation of income lost due to the inability to work; cover all or part of medical care, both in the public and private sectors.

Disability risk: payment of pensions and benefits to persons who have completely lost the ability to work and lead a normal life in society; health care related to disability; rehabilitation costs.

Risk of industrial injuries and occupational diseases: payment of pensions and benefits, compensations and other forms of direct payments; specific medical care;

expenses related to industrial rehabilitation and other forms of social services.

Survivor risk: pensions and survivor benefits, death benefit, funeral services.

Unemployment risk: benefits associated with full or partial unemployment; payment for temporary or episodic work organized by the authorities, which does not replace the allowance.

Migration risk: costs associated with the movement of labor resources, training, retraining; benefits related to moving to a new place of residence of the former unemployed.

Risk of loss of housing: subsidies for housing and utilities for some categories of the population.

Motherhood risk: maternity benefit costs; expenses for medical care for mother and child and other forms of provision for pregnant women and women in childbirth.

Family allowances: allowances for dependent children, in-kind assistance in the form of food items, travel allowances, home assistance, etc.

Other types of social assistance: additional services for the poor, expenses for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, benefits for victims of military operations and natural disasters, etc.

Obviously, the costs of certain payments and benefits in different countries are very different. Consider the example of helping families.

Differences among European countries in this item of expenditure are quite significant. One group of countries, including Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain, spend less than 1% of their GNP on these purposes. Another group of countries - Germany and the Netherlands - from 12.5 to 2%, while the remaining countries - more than 2%.

Most countries are concerned about declining birth rates. In this regard, many countries have made significant changes in the policy of providing assistance to the family. So, in France in the early 80s. laws were passed in favor of large families. For example, a family with three or more children began to receive an allowance in the amount of a third of the average wage.

In all countries, child support increases with each new child. The exceptions are Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom, where the amount of the allowance does not change with the second and third child. In Belgium, Germany, Italy and, especially, in France, the amount of payments increases significantly, starting with the second child.

Many countries have increased maternity benefits. Such a policy was aimed at creating the best conditions for combining work, career and caring for home and family. In this regard, maternity leave has been extended in many countries over the past five years. The longest maternity leave is currently in Denmark (28 weeks) and France (26 weeks). In other countries, it varies from 13 to 20 weeks.

In many countries, there are social benefits for parents who would like to stay with their child for a longer time, but they are small. Such benefits are available in Germany, Belgium, Italy. For example, in Germany it is 22% of the salary when the child reaches the age of 2 years. In Belgium and Italy, a little more, but the term of their payments is shorter.

The problem of incomplete families in Europe is as acute as in Russia. Almost all countries have special benefits for such families, however, the conditions for payment are different. For example, in Greece, only a mother can receive benefits, but not a single father. In Spain and Portugal, only in certain provinces do local authorities pay such benefits. In France, the amount of the allowance is 50% of the average wage up to 3 years of age. In other countries, this amount is much less.

1.3 Experience in organizing social services in urban districts: problems and prospects

Social protection is a system of legislative, economic, social and other guarantees that provides all able-bodied citizens with equal rights and working conditions, and disabled (socially vulnerable) layers - benefits in the use of public consumption funds, direct material and socio-psychological support in all forms .

Social support is temporary or permanent measures of targeted support for certain categories of citizens in a crisis situation.

Social protection and social support of citizens are the prerogative of the state. Federal legislation assigns only guardianship and guardianship to the competence of municipal districts and urban districts in this area, and to the competence of settlements - to assist in the establishment, in accordance with federal laws, of guardianship and guardianship over the residents of the settlement who need it. However, the main part of the concerns for social support of citizens is traditionally carried out by local governments as state powers. As the closest to the population, local governments know better the specific living conditions of individual citizens and can perform social support functions more effectively. Due to the lack of state funding, local budgets bear a significant share of the costs of social support for the population.

The main forms of social support for certain groups of the population are:

cash benefits;

assistance in kind (food, clothing);

subsidies (targeted funds to pay for services);

compensation (reimbursement of certain expenses).

Municipal policy in the field of social protection and social support of the population is the implementation of their own and delegated (federal and regional) state powers to organize a set of measures aimed at protecting certain vulnerable groups of the population and citizens from falling into a zone of extreme social disadvantage. The formation and implementation of local policies in the field of social support of the population are carried out within the framework of targeted assistance to specific groups and strata of the population, individual citizens.

The main criteria for providing social support to certain categories of citizens at the municipal level include the following:

low level of material security. If the per capita income of a person (family) is below a certain legally established normative value, this person (family) needs social support. The normative value of per capita income is determined by the value of the consumer package that characterizes the subsistence minimum per family member for a given period of development of society;

disability, the consequence of which is the impossibility of self-service;

loss of home and property.

a) disabled:

) pensioners;

) disabled people;

) citizens under the care of the state (in nursing homes, disabled people, etc.);

b) the poor;

c) caught in extreme situations:

) unemployed;

) victims of emergency situations (fires, floods, earthquakes, etc.);

) refugees and migrants.

For each of the listed categories, the state develops specific social protection programs, and at the local level - social support programs.

Social protection and social support of the population is effective on the basis of the program approach. Two types of programs can be distinguished: objective (designed for a certain social group of the population) and problematic (designed to solve some social problem).

To implement the municipal policy in the field of social support for the population, various social service institutions are created in municipalities, and bodies (departments, committees, departments) of social protection are created in the structure of local administrations. The structure of these bodies depends on the financial capacity of the municipality, the existing management system, and the availability of the necessary specialists.

Social services are provided by municipal institutions free of charge and for a fee. Free social services are provided in the amounts determined by state standards of social services. Paid social services are provided in the manner prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Financing of the municipal sector of the social service system is carried out at the expense of local budgets and subventions from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directed to the municipal budget for the maintenance and development of a network of social service institutions, as well as for payment of state-guaranteed social services included in federal and regional lists. The amount of subventions is determined annually upon approval of the respective budgets.

So, as noted, the state of the country's economy currently allows for total social security of the population, which is typical for a welfare state. The gap between the state's ability to fulfill its financing tasks and problems in the relationship between the state and local governments that provide various types of social assistance in a particular territory is increasing.

Chapter 2

2.1 Organizational and regulatory framework for the activities of the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

A municipal institution is a legal entity operating on the basis of the Charter, has a legal address, separate property on the right of operational management, an independent balance sheet, personal and other accounts with the treasury, a seal depicting the Coat of Arms of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation with its name and the name of the Founder, a stamp for approval of documents, forms, company symbols and other details approved in the prescribed manner.

Name of the Institution: - municipal budgetary institution Complex center of social services for the population of the Bagansky district of the Novosibirsk region.

The founder of the institution is the department of social protection of the population of the Bagan region. The institution operates under the leadership of the Founder, who provides the Center with organizational, methodological and financial assistance. Control over the activities of the Institution is carried out by the founder or his legal representative in the territory of the municipality, the financial department of the district, as well as state bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, tax, control and audit and other public services within their competence. The institution is liable for its obligations to the extent of the funds at its disposal. In case of a lack of funds, the Founder bears subsidiary liability for its obligations.

The institution is a non-profit organization and is financed from the regional budget on the basis of an estimate of income and expenses in accordance with Article 31 of the Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ “On social services for the elderly and disabled”.

The statutory activities of the Center can be financed from the funds of federal, regional, municipal target programs. The Center uses additional non-budgetary sources of financing measures for social services for the elderly and disabled in accordance with Article 32 of the Federal Law of 02.08.95 No. 122-FZ.

The Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region includes the following departments:

emergency social services and counseling;

social and rehabilitation;

prevention of neglect, delinquency of children and adolescents;

social services at home for the elderly and the disabled;

branch - "Special Home for Lonely Elderly No. 1";

branch "Special Home for Lonely Elderly No. 2";

branch "Department of intensive care (mercy)".

The institution carries out the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations in accordance with Federal laws, Decrees of the President Russian Federation, government documents, regional laws, decrees and orders of state authorities, orders and orders of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Bagan District.

The activities of the Center are aimed at conducting social, health-improving, pedagogical activities, for which the following is carried out:

monitoring the social and demographic situation, the level of socio-economic well-being of citizens on the territory of the municipality;

identification and differentiated accounting of citizens in need of social support, determining the forms of assistance they need and the frequency (permanently, temporarily, on a one-time basis) of its provision;

providing citizens with socio-pedagogical, legal, socio-psychological, socio-medical, social, commercial, advisory and other services, subject to the principles of targeting and continuity of their provision, participation in the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency, together with authorized competent authorities ;

involvement of state, municipal and non-state bodies, organizations and institutions (health, education, migration service, employment service and others), as well as public and religious organizations and associations (veterans, disabled people, committees of the Red Cross Society, associations of large families, single-parent families, etc. further) to address issues of providing social support to the population and coordinating their activities in this direction;

provision of additional paid services to the population.

The institution solves the following tasks:

) Restoration of the social status of elderly citizens and disabled people who find themselves in difficult life situations, their material and domestic support, social, labor and socio-psychological adaptation through medical, social and socio-cultural rehabilitation measures.

) Pre-hospital medical care and social support for elderly citizens and people with disabilities who, for health reasons, have partially lost the ability to self-service or, for medical reasons, who need outside help, social support, at home and in specialized departments of the Center.

) Organization of social assistance and support to families and citizens living alone with incomes below the subsistence minimum, as well as those who find themselves in an extreme situation, primarily large families, single-parent families, families with disabled children, single pensioners receiving a social pension.

) Assistance to citizens in solving social and legal issues within the competence of the social protection authorities.

The Institution has the right to carry out entrepreneurial or other income-generating activities in accordance with federal and regional legislation in agreement with the Founder and use the income and property acquired at the expense of these incomes in accordance with Article 120 and Article 298 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for the development of the Institution in order to provide social support to citizens .

Income received from entrepreneurial activity is directed by the Institution for purposes that do not contradict the statutory ones.

The institution is guided by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, instructions for accounting in budgetary institutions, instructions from the Ministry of Finance on accounting for business activities in budgetary institutions and other regulations.

The institution has the right, in accordance with the established procedure and in accordance with the charter and the current legislation of the Russian Federation:

to acquire or lease, in the course of economic activity, fixed and current assets at the expense of the financial resources available to him, and loans and credits received for these purposes;

plan their activities and determine development prospects in agreement with the founder, as well as based on consumer demand for products, works and services;

to establish, with the consent of the founder, separate subdivisions (branches, representative offices) with the right to open current and other accounts without the right of a legal entity.

The complex center of social services for the population of the Bagansky district of the Novosibirsk region is obliged to:

provide the founder with cost estimate and financial documentation in full approved forms and for all types of activities;

coordinate the structure of the Institution with the Founder;

bear responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation for violation of contractual, credit, settlement obligations;

provide its employees with safe working conditions and be liable in accordance with the established procedure for harm caused to an employee by injury, occupational disease or other damage to health associated with the performance of his labor duties;

be responsible for the safety of documents (management, financial and economic, personnel, etc.);

ensure the transfer for state storage of documents of scientific and historical significance to archival funds in accordance with the agreed list of documents;

to spend the funds of the regional budget strictly in accordance with the approved list and limits of budgetary funds;

carry out operational accounting of results, keep statistical and accounting reports, report on the results of activities in the manner and within the time limits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The institution forms a fund for wages, material incentives, production development, social development, social assistance, reserve and other funds. The procedure for the formation and use of funds is determined by the Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region in agreement with the founder. The funds received from payment for the services provided are spent in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for using funds received on the accounts of social service institutions from payment for social services, approved by the order of the founder.

The institution determines its accounting policy, maintains accounting statistical reporting in accordance with the procedure established by law and is responsible for its reliability. Separate accounting records are maintained for different types of (budgetary and extrabudgetary) activities.

.2 The main categories of citizens served by the MBU Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

On November 3, 1965, the Bagansky district was formed, which included Andreevsky, Kitay-Gorodsky, Paletsky village councils, separated from the Karasuk region, and Bagansky, Voznesensky, Grushevsky, Kazansky village councils, separated from the Kupinsky district.

The territory of the district with a total area of ​​3367.8 sq. km. located in the southwestern part of the Novosibirsk region at a distance of 450 km from the regional center of Novosibirsk. The length of the region from north to south is 103 km and from west to east - 60 km.

On its territory there are 9 municipalities, 44 settlements. The population of the Bagan district as of 01.01.2011 was 17983 people. The population has been steadily declining in recent years. The entire population of the district is rural. Large villages are - with. Bagan, p. Paletskoe, s. Savkino.s. Andreevka. The ethnic composition of the population is as follows: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Kazakhs, Germans, etc.

Administrative center - with. Bagan, with a population of 5955, is located at the intersection of highways running in two directions: Karasuk-Novosibirsk, Kupino-Omsk, and is a compact array in which most of the enterprises of almost all industrial sectors located in the region are concentrated.

In general, the dynamics of the demographic situation in the region coincides with the trends in the demographic development of the region. During the period 2007-2010, the population of the district decreased by 0.5 thousand people. By the beginning of 2011, the population of the Bagan district was 17983 people against 18483 people in 2006. In 2011, there was an increase in the population.

Table 1

Key indicators characterizing demographic processes

Indicators
1. Population (persons)
2. Share in the population of the region (%)
3. Crude mortality rate (persons per 10,000 population)
4. Migration growth rate (persons per 10,000 population)
5. Coefficient of natural increase (persons per 10,000 population)

The problem of low birth rates has become particularly acute in recent years. The total fertility rate for this period decreased from 136.3 in 2007 to 108.4 in 2010 per 10,000 population, i.e. by 27.4%.

Also, one of the most acute problems of the modern demographic development of the region, which remains in dynamics, is the high mortality of the population. The coefficient of natural population decline is 144.6 per 10,000 population. The number of deaths in 2010 is 1.3 times higher than the number of births. Diseases of the circulatory system, oncological diseases, accidents, injuries are in the lead in the general structure of the causes of death of the population of the region.

Thus, the main cause of depopulation is the natural population decline, which is sustainable and long-term. Another reason for the decline in the population of the region is the negative balance of migration.

The age structure of the population has not changed significantly in recent years.

table 2

Structural indicators of population

Indicators
1. Population structure: urban and rural (%)
1. Age structure of the population (%): under 16 years of working age, retirement age
3. Number of pensioners registered with the social protection authorities (persons)
4. Indicator of "child burden" on the able-bodied population (population under 16 years old per one able-bodied population)
5. Indicator of "pension burden" on the able-bodied population (number of registered pensioners per one able-bodied)
6. Total “burden” on the able-bodied population (persons) (4+5)

In the district there is a specialized home for single elderly citizens and the disabled, 14 people live in it, a Mercy department for 20 beds, and a 42-apartment Veterans' house, in which 62 people live.

In 1998, the State Institution “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population with a Hospital for Social Services for the Elderly and Disabled” was opened in the district, in which there are emergency departments and home care units.

2.3 Analysis of the activities and quality of services provided by the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

As of January 1, 2011, 812 (2009-858) low-income families are registered in the department of urgent social services and organizational and methodological support, there are 3097 (2009-3,170) people in them, of which 1575 (2009-1533) children, which is 17.3% (2009 - 17.6%) of the population.

Rice. 1. The number of citizens who were provided with services by the department of social protection

In 2010, the department of urgent social services and organizational and methodological support provided 1315 social services. Services were rendered to 635 people.

Economic assistance was provided to 799 (2009-838) families, in which 2179 (2009-2276) people were served. They received 4509 (2009-3614) services for the amount of 4222 322 (2009-2 561 071) rubles, which is an average of 1938 (2009-1 125) rubles per person.

Including:

Table 3

Types of assistance in MBU "KTSSON Bagansky district"

Name of help	Person/family 2010		Person/family, 2009	Sum, 2009
1. Food and Christmas gifts
2. Hot meals (recovery)
3. Clothing (and other) help
4. Social assistance for paid treatment
5. Fare payment
6. Remaining cash
7. Children's health tours and delivery

For these purposes, funds were spent from the budgets of all levels: 1. Regional budget: 3938.6 thousand rubles (2009-2076.1)

Local budget: 283.7 tr. (2009- 192.7)

Federal budget: - (2009-292.3)

11.3 thousand rubles were spent on financing cultural events. (2009 - 22.8 tr.)

Prepared by:

17 meetings (2009 - 11) of the district commission "On the provision of material social assistance to low-income residents of the Bagan region."

16 (2009 - 16) packages of documents commissioned by the Department of Benefits and Social Payments,

3 (2009 - 3) package of documents for the "Department of social development and ensuring the rights of citizens to social protection."

35 (2009 - 53) applications for targeted in-kind assistance. The Ministry made a decision to provide assistance to 28 (2009 -35) applicants, denied to 7 (2009 - 18).

Registered:

1201 (2009 - 1041) visits to families registered and on applications for financial assistance ;

oral appeals of citizens: 6,611 (2009 - 7,791);

297 (2009 - 313) certificates for social scholarships were issued.

715 (2009-535) units were received at the used goods fair, 676 (2009 - 493) units were issued.

The specialists of the department provided assistance to the department of benefits and social payments in collecting packages of documents for social support measures for citizens of various categories:

474 (2008 - 589) package of documents for registration of a subsidy for housing and communal services,

850 (2008 - 785) packages of documents for registration of declarations for monthly allowance for children.

465 participants of the Second World War and home front workers were examined, a social passport was drawn up for each.

The department of allowances and social payments was provided with lists of large families most in need of compensation for the purchase of school uniforms (110 families with 255 children).

The specialists of the department prepared 43 packages of documents for the provision of one-time financial assistance when a child from a large family enters the first grade of general educational institutions.

During this period, social workers made 27,637 (25,890) home visits and provided 63,549 (73,693) services. The cash desk of the Center received 108897 (56269) rubles from the provision of social services, 3600 (6800) rubles from the services of a hairdresser and a seamstress, a total of 11897 (66425) rubles. In 2010, the branch "House-boarding school of intensive care (mercy)" provided 96,971 paid services in the amount of 480,480 rubles. Assistance was provided in the registration and delivery of 15 (4) pensioners to the branch "House-boarding school of intensive care (mercy)" in the village. Kazanka, which was decided at 12 (8) meetings of the commission for the distribution of social housing, 37 (36) applications were considered. According to the implementation of 122 of the Law "On Veterans" for 2010, 1429 (1756) tickets were sold for the privileged category of citizens. At the end of the reporting period, 989 disabled adults (2009 - 945 people), disabled children - 59 people (2009 - 61 people) live in the territory of the Bagan district.

Table 4

Types of social services provided by the Department of allowances and social payments of the MBU "KTSSON Bagansky district":

Socio-medical	5302 services - 171 people	6714services - 97 people
Socio-pedagogical	2502 services - 511 people	3118 services - 327 people
Socio-psychological	1392 services - 153 people	4129 services - 64 people
Socio-economic		276 services - 147 people
social		929 services - 95 people
Socio-legal		50 services - 39 people
	9196 services - 491 people	15 216 services - 235 people

During the reporting period, the department registered 536 oral appeals of citizens (2009 - 385). The main category of applicants are disabled people, parents of disabled children on the implementation of IPR and rehabilitation, as well as people of retirement age and parents of n/year-old children on issues of rehabilitation in the DOL and SOL region, in the department and leisure activities.

During this period, according to the recommendations of the IPR, 5 people with disabilities were sent for rehabilitation to the Regional Center for Social and Cultural Rehabilitation of the Disabled, and 5 children to the Regional Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities.

During the reporting period, the department for the prevention of neglect, delinquency and vagrancy of children and adolescents provided a total of 1779 pedagogical services: 55 children, 205 adults (2009 - 1148 services for 82 children, 107 adults).

In the Bagan district, 98 dysfunctional families with 256 children (2009: 105 families, 280 children) are registered with the OPBPBDP KTSSON. During the reporting period, 18 families were identified and registered, in which 38 minors live (2009: 14 families with 32 children), 25 families with 59 children were deregistered, of which 14 were on correction (2009: 11 families - 26 children, of which 1 for correction). The predominant risk factor is criminal, tk. most parents in these families abuse alcohol, have previous convictions, children in these families are neglected, pedagogically neglected, 26 of them are registered with the police department for offenses (2009 - 24).

An important role in working with families of the "risk group" is assigned to social patronage. During the reporting period, 1050 visits to families were carried out (2009 - 1084). The main goal of patronage is to restore normal conditions for living and raising children in the family.

The effectiveness of work with dysfunctional families and minors prone to delinquency is achieved through the joint work of all prevention departments. Together with the PDN of the Department of Internal Affairs, social teachers of schools, OKDN and ZP, PII conducted 41 raids (2009 - 45), 126 families were examined (2009 - 130). Took part in 12 KDN and ZP reviewed 76 materials on minors (2009 - 75). 176 materials on the facts of non-fulfillment of parental duties were sent to the Department of Guardianship, Department of Internal Affairs, Central District Hospital, Department of Institutions of Inspection, KDN (2009 - 98).

Assistance was provided in the treatment of 25 parents from the SGR for alcohol dependence (2009 - 14).

We organized the placement of 16 minors from 11 families who found themselves in a difficult life situation in social rehabilitation centers for minors in the Tatar region and the Krasnozersky region. Assistance was provided in the placement of 1 minor (r \ inv) from the SGR, who ended up in the TZhS in the Chumakov boarding school of the Kuibyshev region.

Chapter 3

3.1 Problems and difficulties in the activities of the MBU Complex Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region. Factors and reasons hindering the improvement of the quality of service

Being an organic component of the redistributive system in a society of state socialism, the system of social benefits must undergo fundamental changes, since at present it has lost its socio-economic efficiency

According to Russian legislation, social payments and benefits are provided to 2/3 of the country's population. In Russia, there are about 150 types of social payments, benefits, allowances, subsidies from the budget, covering more than 200 different categories of the population (veterans, children, disabled people, students, etc.). The small size of allowances and privileges does not allow to really improve the situation of their recipients. There is an underestimation of the real standard of living of recipients of benefits, the real need for them. There is no priority in the provision of benefits (singling out priority groups and taking into account the importance, urgency of the needs satisfied with the help of individual benefits in these groups). The measures taken are not always targeted (an evidence of this is the weak differentiation of the share of state transfers in the cash incomes of the rich and the poor).

There is no clearly defined division of powers of the budgets of different levels in their provision. The total cost of all types of social support is estimated at 350 billion rubles. The proportion of the population entitled to receive social guarantees, benefits and payments is about 68%, i.e., almost 100 million people can claim and really claim them, and the vast majority of benefits are provided on a categorical basis. It is obvious that it is rather difficult to implement real budgetary financing of social spending on such a scale, which leads to non-fulfillment of federal legislation, failure by the state to fulfill its obligations to citizens and, ultimately, to discrediting state power. The reform of social benefits should be considered in the context of creating a holistic mechanism for the implementation of social policy in the context of the transition to a market economy, including state social guarantees, a support system for those in need, and an optimal set of benefits that perform a specific function that cannot be reduced to other types of social policy. The reform of the system of benefits should combine the radical abolition of benefits for certain categories of citizens, leave them only to people "for special services" to society and the state, streamlining these benefits. Benefits for some socially weak groups of the population (children of certain ages, children from large families, disabled people, victims of disasters, etc.) to be transferred to the state support system for those in need based on a broad approach to the concept of "neediness".

The most important issue is the distribution of responsibility in providing social benefits between the state (and within it - between the budgets of different levels), entrepreneurs, public (charitable organizations). Reforming the mechanism involves the division of powers of budgets of different levels, state and non-state organizations, depending on the socio-economic content of benefits, their recipients and the purposes of their provision.

The source of funding for benefits for beneficiaries "for special merits", as well as rehabilitated, members of the families of the dead, victims of environmental disasters, children of 1 year of age, the disabled and children with disabilities is the federal budget, from which the benefits transferred to the system of state social guarantees should be provided. . In the preserved benefits for housing and communal services (only to war veterans and persons equated to them “for special merit”), the source of financing is the share participation of the federal budget and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which in turn will reduce the amount of assistance to them from the federal budget. With the abolition of tax incentives for certain categories of beneficiaries in accordance with the distribution of income from taxes on individuals, more than half of the savings will be received by the budgets of the subjects of the federation and local budgets, which will be a significant source of their replenishment.

It is also possible to switch from compensating losses from benefits by transport enterprises at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets to paying compensation directly to citizens who have been left with benefits for travel by transport, cash or travel documents with a payment of 100, 50 (or less)% (professional beneficiaries at the expense of the employer, including obligations to provide certain benefits in labor agreements; for students - at the expense of educational organizations, for pensioners at the expense of the Pension Fund). But at the same time, it should be borne in mind that for military personnel, prosecutors and those equivalent to them, this practice can lead to an increased burden on the federal budget, since these categories are funded from the federal budget.

You can also consider several more options for an action strategy in the field of improving the financial organization of social payments:

It is possible to expand the range of paid social services and, on this basis, remove part of the burden from the state budget, as well as the non-insurance burden from the pension social insurance system by transferring part of the obligations fulfilled by the latter to social protection systems. This requires the development of forms, methods, conditions of social services, the strengthening of its material and technical base, the development of non-state, alternative forms of social services. The introduction of differentiated conditions and norms of social services for the population - taking into account the level of average per capita incomes of the population and the subsistence minimum.

It is necessary to work out new, reasonable rates of insurance premiums to state extra-budgetary social funds, using modern relevant methods that ensure the financial balance of insurance organizations and the fulfillment of their obligations to policyholders. It is also advisable to change the existing rates of insurance premiums, for example:

by redistributing non-core functions between extrabudgetary social funds (for example, transferring to the health insurance fund “care” for temporary disability of the population and the function of paying appropriate benefits), taking into account the specialization of each of them, focusing each fund to a greater extent on protecting the population from adequate risks;

by introducing differentiated tariff contributions to social insurance funds: increased - for enterprises with a high level of occupational diseases, injuries, and lower - for enterprises with a relatively lower level of morbidity, injuries, etc.

squeezing, compressing replacement rates for unemployment benefits and reducing the regressive nature of these benefits for long-term workers.

In addition, it is possible to raise the question of differentiating the amount of deductions from the centralized part of the State Employment Fund of the Russian Federation to the constituent entities of the Federation, taking into account the level of unemployment in these regions.

Development of institutions of non-state social insurance (not only pension, but also unemployment insurance, medical). Guarantees of the stability of non-state systems of social insurance should be a new investment policy - the direction of investment in the social sphere, its objects, including enterprises. For the population, this will be accompanied by an improvement in the quality of social services and an increase in their accessibility.

It is possible to attract funds from the population in the form of cash payments to the real sector of the economy and the social sphere in particular. Interest: the presence of a constant, sustainable demand for social services (for example, medicines, prostheses, special vehicles, social services, etc.). This can be achieved in the process of privatization of part of the stationary institutions of the social sphere and prosthetic and orthopedic enterprises, the creation of open-type joint-stock companies on their basis with the participation of the population entitled to social payments, the creation of a system of social investment funds

It is necessary to intensify the participation of the population in financing social protection programs, to strengthen its personal responsibility for its own social protection - not only for maintaining health and ability to work, but also for old age, unemployment, etc. - through systems of additional insurance for old age, unemployment, illness, etc. d.

It is possible to use part of the funds spent on licensing the activities of social institutions and enterprises for the needs of the development of the industry itself.

In relation to the working conditions of the MBU Complex Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagan District, in order to implement all of the above activities, first of all, computerization of all departments is necessary. And the creation of a single information network within the organization will significantly increase labor productivity. This is due to the fact that the work of all departments is closely related and the information of one is often needed by another. Having a common data bank in electronic form, each department will be able to receive the necessary information without delay. There will be no need to ask applicants to wait a few hours or come in the next day in order to have time to view all the documents in another department.

Computerization will make it necessary to train the Center's employees to work with computers, since the heads of 3 out of 5 departments are at the pre-retirement age. When using an information network, one of the most acute and urgent issues that both users and the technical staff of the computer science committee have to face is information security. Over the years of the committee's existence and the operation of the information network, we had to face the problems of information security more than once.

The employees of the Center have never worked with information networks.

One of the main factors affecting the efficiency of using the information network is the level of computer literacy of users. For employees of social protection organizations at all levels, as well as for employees of the district administration, these requirements are even more relevant, since the efficiency of the entire complex of structures depends on their qualifications. local authorities and, ultimately, the quality of life of the population of the respective territory.

The creation of an information network will allow departments to communicate with each other and provide each other with information in the shortest possible time. And the creation of an electronic mailbox will allow you to receive resolutions, orders and orders from higher authorities on the day of its publication without delay. This, in turn, will make it possible to make all changes to the work of the Center in a timely manner.

social protection service population

3.2 Recommendations for improving the activities of the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region, improving the quality of service

In recent years, the situation in the field of social services for the population has undergone significant changes. Instead of the previously existing social security system, a fundamentally new system of social protection of the population has been created, which includes institutions for the social protection of families and children, territorial centers for social services for the population, departments of social assistance at home and emergency social assistance services. New stationary institutions for the elderly and disabled are being put into operation. Social service institutions provide assistance not only to the elderly, the disabled, families and children, but also actively work to solve the problems of child neglect, social assistance to people without a fixed place of residence.

The modernization of the system of social protection of citizens should be based on the following principles.

The principle of state responsibility - constant activity to create conditions for reliable social protection of the population in accordance with the changes taking place in society; to improve their social status through sufficient material, technical, personnel and organizational support of the relevant institutional structures; fulfillment of obligations to prevent poverty and deprivation associated with forced migration, natural and man-made emergencies.

The principle of equality of all citizens - the equal right to protection and assistance in difficult life situations, regardless of social status, nationality, place of residence, political and religious beliefs, economic contribution, to making decisions regarding their life, providing equal opportunities for self-realization in the labor sphere and social activities .

The principle of combining legal and ethical regulation is the observance of human rights, legal norms, the effective use of legal mechanisms for the implementation of political decisions in relation to all citizens, combined with the provision of conditions for fair treatment of those in need.

The principle of social participation is to stimulate the activities of needy categories of citizens for self-sufficiency, obtaining additional benefits at the expense of their own efforts, as well as assisting them in improving the quality of life on their own, achieving economic independence, voluntarily showing initiative and activity, intellectual development and creativity throughout life .

The principle of social partnership is the interaction of the state and citizens in the implementation of activities aimed at achieving the well-being and social well-being of needy categories of people, constant cooperation with public associations, religious, charitable organizations and other social partners engaged in the provision of assistance and services.

The principle of succession of state social policy measures in relation to needy categories of citizens is the preservation of the achieved social guarantees for supporting the population and the progressive development of activities in their interests.

The principle of social efficiency is the positive results of measures aimed at improving the welfare and social well-being of the population, maintaining their high social status, strengthening social ties and satisfying cultural needs.

The principle of policy unity in relation to citizens in need of state support at the federal, regional and local levels is to ensure that the elderly are provided with minimum social guarantees and benefits established at the federal level, supplemented and developed at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local governments.

ensuring the maximum implementation of the adopted federal and regional programs of social protection of the population, as well as raising the minimum wage, bringing it as close as possible to the subsistence level of an able-bodied person.

There is an acute problem of training specialists in social work in Russian universities, which does not have established traditions, a long history. The training of specialists in such a multilateral, complex in terms of content and forms of implementation type of activity as social protection cannot immediately take shape and begin to function as an integral system, especially in the conditions of socio-economic transformations in which Russia is now. Social work requires a new, complete, expanded structure of the training process, from the study of social contracting to individual continuing education programs in the process of continuing education.

An important direction in reforming the provision of social support to the population is to change the principles of social protection for various categories of those in need:

In the field of development of social protection and rehabilitation of the disabled.

Currently, the problem of disability of the population is acute and this problem needs to be given sufficient attention. Emphasis should be placed on the comprehensive rehabilitation of disabled people, which allows them to overcome the limitations of their life and ensure participation in the life of society, paying special attention to the rehabilitation of disabled children who can become full members of it. In addition, it is necessary to shift the focus from the policy of inpatient care for people with disabilities towards their independent living and home care.

Rehabilitation of disabled people is an effective measure of their social protection, it is economically viable, since the payment for these activities is more beneficial to the state than the cost of paying disability pensions, therefore it is advisable to create centers for vocational rehabilitation of disabled people that operate (while maintaining a significant share of state funding) on ​​the basis of self-sufficiency and self-financing; prioritized gratuitous transfer to disabled associations of the property of closed unprofitable state enterprises.

In the field of development of social protection of the family, women and children.

In general, according to many indicators, the living conditions of the family, women and children remain unfavorable, which poses a threat to the physical and spiritual health of the population in the region and predetermines the need for targeted efforts to overcome this situation. Therefore, the main directions for the development of social services for families with children, women and children should be:

providing the necessary conditions for improving the quality of life of families (increasing subsidies for children, controlling prices for essential goods, strengthening control over medical institutions);

creating favorable conditions for the full and equal participation of women in political, economic, social and cultural life;

ensuring the rights of children to their full-fledged physical, intellectual, moral and social development (development of children's clubs, sports sections, circles, organization of excursions to other cities).

The solution of the tasks set requires the adoption of a number of significant measures to improve the mechanisms for implementing social policy in the interests of the family, women and children, including in the field of family support:

state stimulation of small business, including family business;

development of a network of specialized institutions for social services for families, children and adolescents, expansion of the list of services they provide, including advisory, psychotherapeutic, for overcoming crisis situations, social and psychological adaptation to new conditions.

In order to improve the situation of children, I would like to make the following proposals:

providing additional guarantees in the social rehabilitation and adaptation of children in difficult life situations, including orphans, children with disabilities;

expansion of state support and development of new forms of family education for children deprived of parental care (custodial families, foster (foster) families);

creation of an effective system for the prevention of neglect, drug addiction and juvenile delinquency, social protection of children in difficult life situations, including socially maladjusted children and children with disabilities.

the period of rehabilitation of the child in the institution must be justified by his individual problems.

work on the organization of health-improving recreation for children in need of special care of the state should be put on a new level. It is necessary to continue the practice of creating day camps at social service centers, providing conditions for proper rest and rehabilitation of children. Particular attention should be paid to their labor education, familiarization with socially useful work.

In the field of social protection of elderly citizens.

A change in the social status of a person in old age, caused primarily by the termination or restriction of labor activity, changes in value orientations, the very way of life, the emergence of difficulties in social, psychological adaptation to new conditions, requires the development of special approaches, forms and methods of social work with senior citizens.

As a rule, suitability to work with the elderly and disabled at home is primarily determined by the endurance and physical strength of the social worker. This is due to the fact that the activity of the employee of the department is very hard work associated with great physical exertion. At present, the norm of maximum permissible loads for women when delivering products to their homes has been established, per one ward per visit - up to 7 kg.

If the social worker does not exceed the norm, then for one visit he brings when working for one (8 people) - 56 kg, when working for 1 rate (12 people) - 84 kg.

According to the latest regulatory documents, a social worker must visit his wards at least 2-3 times a week. If desired or requested by the person served, home visits can be made 4 times a week.

So a social worker during a full working week brings (at full load) up to 112 kg - when working at one rate and up to 168 kg - when working at 1.5 rates.

The list of products ordered by the served citizens is as follows: bread, milk, cereals, vegetables, meat, etc. By assessing the volume of products brought, it can be said that everything and the assortment depends on the material well-being of the person served, as a rule, this is the amount of the pension received, in more rare cases, additional assistance from relatives and relatives. But even if the elderly and the disabled receive the minimum pension, all social services and the delivery of basic necessities, as it were, falls on the shoulders of a social worker.

This problem could be solved or facilitate the work of employees with the following options:

The Center has vehicles for the delivery of food, industrial goods, etc.

Add the loader's rate, as an internal combination - to the driver. Since any food, clothing or humanitarian aid provided to the center is unloaded with the help of a driver, the latter will have a material interest in better fulfilling the duties of delivering food, industrial goods, etc.

In the process of normal life, a person is busy with a variety of daily activities: professional activities, education, household chores, communication with people, sleep, rest, leisure. Leisure is a kind of activity that gives a person a feeling of pleasure, high spirits and joy. People spend leisure time in order to relax, relieve stress, feel physical and psychological satisfaction, share their interests with friends and relatives, establish social contacts and get the opportunity for self-expression or creative activity. Therefore, when organizing social services, it is necessary to solve the problem of leisure by organizing various events using the funds of the Center or the elderly themselves.

For example, you could include the following activities:

Sports or various physical activities (the role of a spectator, participant, coach or any other organizational activity);

Hobbies (various activities of interest);

board games

entertainment (watching TV shows, movies, reading literature, listening to radio programs);

communication with other people (telephone conversations, writing letters, invitations, organizing and attending evenings and other entertainment events).

It is also possible to organize training in computer games, as is practiced in Western countries.

Leisure activities will help solve such problems as: loneliness, communication, moral relationships, problems of alcoholism and adaptation of older citizens to a new social role. Properly selected sports exercises, with the help of medical workers, will help to some extent solve the problem of the weakened health of older citizens. Leisure and recreation play a particularly important role in the lives of older people, especially when their participation in work activities is difficult. Thus, the inclusion of leisure activities in comprehensive social service plans will help solve most of the problems of older citizens.

Employment problems can be solved by organizing labor summer teams. Many elderly people live in wooden houses and have their own gardens, which are not able to cultivate the entire area without outside help. Elderly people who live in communal apartments and do not have any special health problems could help such citizens. The harvested crop can be distributed among all senior citizens in need, forming a fund to help poor and infirm elderly people with vegetable products, and the rest of the crop can be sold through a chain of stores. Thus, the elderly who took part in the labor "front" will have additional earnings, including the owners of vegetable gardens and the provision of vegetable products for the winter, this will help solve financial problems.

It is possible to organize workshops for the production of various crafts, many elderly citizens needlework all their lives (embroider, knit, weave various products, make various souvenirs, etc.) - these products can also be sold through a chain of stores and profit-making from the sale of products will help to solve to some extent the material problem of the elderly and the problem of leisure.

In order to maintain the health of the elderly, it is possible to organize pre-medical sanitary services for the elderly. The majority of elderly citizens do not have the opportunity to maintain their health through sanatorium treatment. Therefore, a “sanatorium at home” is the best option for such people. This form of social service is based on enhanced medical, physiotherapeutic treatment and dietary nutrition for the elderly at home. For 18-20 days, older people are under the supervision of doctors, social workers, and cultural workers. Thus, the problem of sanitary-resort treatment is solved.

Social and domestic issues in the field of social services can be solved by organizing mobile repair teams that will repair houses, outbuildings, stoves, and procure fuel.

Conclusion

The transition to the market, the deterioration of living conditions for a significant part of the country's population, especially the unemployed, pensioners, families with children, revealed the inability of the former social security system to guarantee a decent standard of living for everyone. This required its reform and almost complete renewal in the field of social security.

Social services to the population in the district are provided by MBU "KTSSON Bagansky district". In 2010, the departments of the center for social services rendered a total of 183,339 services to 4,970 people (for 2009 - 92,231 services, 4,242 people).

As of January 1, 2011, 812 (2009-858) low-income families are registered in the department of urgent social services and organizational and methodological support, there are 3,097 (2009-3,170) people in them, of which 1575 (2009-1533) children, which makes up 17.3% (2009 - 17.6%) of the population.

In 2010, the department of urgent social services and organizational and methodological support provided 1315 social services. Services were rendered to 635 people.

Economic assistance was provided to 799 (2009-838) families, in which 2179 (2009-2276) people were served. They were rendered 4,509 (2009-3614) services in the amount of 4222,322 (2009-2561,071) rubles, which is an average of 1938 (2009-1,125) rubles per person.

As of 1.010.2011, 117 (122) people are on social services at home, of which 79 (86) women and 38 (36) men, including elderly citizens 50 (56) people, disabled people 51 (46), UVOV 4 (5), IVOV 6 (9), widows 6 (7) people. They are served by 13 social workers and 32 (26) people working under the contract.

During the reporting period, 298 (350) scheduled visits were carried out, as a result of which the living conditions of single citizens who were on service were examined and the work of 68 (148) social workers was checked.

During this period, social workers made 27,637 (25,890) home visits and provided 63,549 (73,693) services. The cash desk of the Center received 108897 (56269) rubles from the provision of social services, 3600 (6800) rubles from the services of a hairdresser and a seamstress, a total of 11897 (66425) rubles. In 2010, the branch "House-boarding school of intensive care (mercy)" provided 96,971 paid services in the amount of 480,480 rubles.

Assistance was provided in the registration and delivery of 15 (4) pensioners to the branch "House-boarding school of intensive care (mercy)" in the village. Kazanka, which was decided at 12 (8) meetings of the commission for the distribution of social housing, 37 (36) applications were considered.

According to the implementation of 122 of the Law "On Veterans" for 2010, 1429 (1756) travel tickets for the preferential category of citizens were sold.

At the end of the reporting period, 989 disabled adults (2009 - 945 people), disabled children - 59 people (2009 - 61 people) live in the territory of the Bagan district.

According to Russian legislation, social payments and benefits are provided to 2/3 of the country's population. In Russia, there are about 150 types of social payments, benefits, allowances, subsidies from the budget, covering more than 200 different categories of the population (veterans, children, disabled people, students, etc.). The small size of allowances and privileges does not allow to really improve the situation of their recipients. There is an underestimation of the real standard of living of recipients of benefits, the real need for them. There is no priority in the provision of benefits (singling out priority groups and taking into account the importance, urgency of the needs satisfied with the help of individual benefits in these groups). The measures taken are not always targeted (an evidence of this is the weak differentiation of the share of state transfers in the cash incomes of the rich and the poor).

The development of social protection of the population in the Municipal Budgetary Institution Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region should be carried out by concentrating efforts on the consistent implementation of measures to strengthen and expand the system of social services for the population, providing a state-guaranteed level of social protection. To solve the tasks set for the development of social protection of the population, it is necessary:

improving the procedure for interaction in the field of social policy between federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the Novosibirsk Region, local governments, enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership;

increasing the responsibility of all authorities for its implementation;

development of the non-state sector in the social protection of the population;

improving personnel policy in the system of social protection of the population, including increasing the social protection of social workers;

use of international experience to adapt the system of social protection of the population to the realities of a market economy (Sweden, Germany, etc.);

organizing the licensing of the activities of non-state structures, individuals and public services engaged in the provision of social services to the population;

ensuring the maximum implementation of the adopted federal and regional programs of social protection of the population, as well as raising the minimum wage, bringing it as close as possible to the subsistence level of an able-bodied person.

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Similar works to - The main directions of development of the sphere of social services for the population on the example of the municipal budgetary institution "Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population" of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region