Presentation on the topic "essential oils aromatherapy". Presentation on medicine on the topic "Essential oils" free download Presentation on the topic of essential oils
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The project was completed by a 9th grade student E. Kirichenko. Project manager E. N. Kirichenkoslide 2
The purpose of the work: Consider and study ways to obtain essential oils; Consider their application and impact on the human body.
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Relevance The period of acute respiratory diseases is approaching, the number of sick children at school is growing. Essential oils are a priceless gift of nature! They allow you to improve the condition of the body, create a completely unique mood.
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History The human genotype is programmed for at least 115 years. For a person on Earth there is everything you need! Nature is a wise mother, always using the best means to achieve her goals. Mark Handel
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Historical reference Six thousand years before our era in Egypt they knew how to get turpentine and some essential oils from plants. They were used mainly for oiling, for religious purposes, and for smell - in the very least. Oils were very expensive and were the privilege of the nobility.
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In Japan, more than 2000 years ago, not only mint oil was obtained, but menthol was also isolated from it. Essential oils were used for fragrant incense, as cosmetics and medicines, for embalming.
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The first aromatic water based on alcohol and essential oils was the "Water of the Queen of Hungary". It was created in 1380 and presented to the seventy-year-old queen by an unknown monk. The fact is that the queen was very ill, but after tasting the water (they also drank aromatic waters at that time), she recovered from her illness, rejuvenated and was even betrothed by the king of Poland. Considering that life expectancy in the 17th century averaged fifty years, aromatic water performed a great miracle.
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The effect of essential oils on the body Essential oils have a wide range of therapeutic and prophylactic effects on the human body. However, it is necessary to remember about possible negative effects, which can manifest themselves in the form of irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, lacrimation, sneezing, coughing, dizziness, odor intolerance.
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Fear Almost everyone knows the feeling of fear. Fear of the dark in children, the unknown, poverty, illness in adults - all these are phobias. The state of anxiety is manifested in motor disorders - excessive gestures and facial expressions. Fill your bedroom with your choice of lavender, neroli, or sandalwood fragrance, depending on your individual perception, and you will forget about nightmares. If you are afraid of an exam, a conversation, a trip, or have suffered a nervous shock, apply two to three drops of basil, lavender, frankincense, juniper, peppermint oil to a handkerchief.
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Irritability Anxiety about an event or severe stress can lead to a state of irritability, when trifles are perceived as major incidents, and the ability to control irritation, anger and other negative emotions is lost. To relieve the state of increased irritability, you can use the following essential oils: anise, cypress, lavender, lemon balm, nutmeg, rose, chamomile, sandalwood.
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Impact on the nervous system The effect of essential oils on the nervous system is beyond doubt, because. inhaling pleasant aromas causes a feeling of relaxation, pleasure, and sometimes even euphoria. Indications - neurosis, insomnia, fatigue Contraindications - exacerbation of chronic diseases of the respiratory system, kidneys, acute infectious diseases, individual intolerance.
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Effects on the Digestive System Ancient Egyptian papyri contain recipes that require the use of anise, mustard seed, coriander, thyme, cumin, saffron, and dill in cooking. Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Pliny in their writings brought to us the recipes for the use of aromatic plants in ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
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Spices taken with food help to improve appetite and improve mood. In different regions of the planet, depending on the climate, there is a set of aromatic plants. Hippocrates said - "Our food is our medicine."
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All spicy aromatic plants are sources of essential oils. Among the spices used in food, anise, basil, star anise, vanilla, cloves, ginger, coriander, cinnamon, juniper, nutmeg, clary sage, parsley, dill should be mentioned.
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Enfleurage when heated The technology is as follows: the petals are immersed in a container with animal fats or vegetable oils, kept for a certain time in a water bath or in the sun, then filtered. The resulting thick lipstick is washed several times in alcohol until the fat is completely eliminated.
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Enfleurage without heating The petals are spread on the surface of the fat distributed on a glass plate in a wooden frame, 40 - 60 cm high. The flowers, still alive, remain there for a certain time, and then change to a fresh batch until the fat is most saturated aroma. After the fat is washed with alcohol, separated from the raw materials and evaporated to obtain the so-called “absolute” lipstick.
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Cold spin It is used for raw materials that perfumers refer to as citrus fruits. Oils are obtained from the fruit peel by pressing.
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Massage Massage is a relaxing and nourishing treatment, as it involves not only contact based on touch, but also the effective penetration of oils through the skin. It is also useful to massage those places that cause a feeling of discomfort. For example, peppermint (diluted) can be rubbed clockwise into the stomach area to aid digestion.
Relevance Currently, there are a lot of essential oils that are used in the production of perfumes and aromatherapy. But are they all environmentally friendly? Are they harmful to health? How to choose what is suitable for the body? These questions are the main ones, since it is not enough to look good, it is more important to feel good.
From the history of essential oils From the history of essential oils Essential oils have been known since ancient times BC in Egypt, they were able to obtain turpentine and some essential oils from plants. They were used mainly for CREATING the skin of the body, hair, for religious purposes, and for smell - in the very least. Oils were expensive and were, naturally, the privilege of the nobility. In Japan, more than 2000 years ago, not only mint oil was obtained, but menthol was also isolated from it. Essential oils were used for fragrant incense, as cosmetics and medicines, in embalming. Oils were considered a symbol of divine manifestation and it was not for nothing that they "anointed the kingdom" with myrrh oil.
From the history of essential oils Oils have been produced and are still being produced. They laid the foundation directly for the invention of toilet water. The first aromatic water based on alcohol and essential oils was the "Water of the Queen of Hungary". It was created in 1380 and presented to the 70-year-old queen by an unknown monk. The fact is that the queen was very sick, but after tasting the water (and they also drank aromatic waters!) She recovered from her illness, rejuvenated and, even, was betrothed by the king of Poland.
Essential oils - an invaluable gift of nature With a bouquet of miraculous properties of fragrant plants, people met already many thousands of years ago. They were the first cosmetics, medicines, as well as drugs that people used to create a certain emotional atmosphere, for example, a holiday or meditation.
Essential oils - an invaluable gift of nature Essential oils - fragrant, easily volatile substances contained in various parts of plants, mainly in flowers, leaves, fruits, roots; Essential oils are easily distilled from vegetable raw materials by steam. Currently, more than 2000 essential oil plants are known. The content of essential oils in plants depends on a number of reasons and ranges from 4% to 0.1%
Essential oils in the creation of fragrances Essential oils in the creation of fragrances Classical perfume compositions are composed according to the principle of a triad: the "head" of the fragrance, its "heart" and "loop". And these elements appear in that order. Within 5-30 minutes, the smell gradually changes, and then the heart of the perfume - the middle note - will remain on the skin for several hours. After hours, you can only smell the so-called base note, which will not change until the fragrance disappears. Therefore, the choice of perfume is somewhat reminiscent of planning for the future: what will happen first, what will be next and what will be at the end.
The top or "head" note consists of rapidly evaporating perfume materials. Typical are: citrus oils of orange, lemon, bergamot, a clean herbaceous note of rosemary, lavender, thyme and basil, especially popular in men's perfumes; sharp, tart flavor of nutmeg, etc. The top note in a perfume composition is very important, because it is the first impression of the fragrance!
Orange oil Action: -Antidepressive, -antiseptic, -antispasmodic, -stimulating, -bactericidal, -carminative, -cardiac, -deodorizing, -fungicidal, -hypotensive, -stimulating, -tonic (digestion, lymphatic system), -gastric. !!!Irritation of sensitive skin is possible with prolonged use. Orange oil is phototoxic.
Lemon oil Action: Antiseptic, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antisclerotic, choleretic, antitoxic, deodorant, healing, analgesic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory. ATTENTION!!! Lemon oil is phototoxic. Check for individual tolerance.
Lavender oil Actions: Antiseptic, anticonvulsant, antirheumatic, choleretic, antitoxic, deodorant, healing, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, bactericidal, analgesic; restoring; hypotensive; detoxifier; carminative; choleretic; stimulates and normalizes menstruation; diuretic; helps with nervous disorders; diaphoretic; antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, decongestant, helps with cramps; regulates the function of the spleen; promotes scarring; tones up the work of the heart; antispasmodic; antidepressant, sedative. ATTENTION!!! Do not take orally while taking iodine- and iron-containing drugs. Do not use for anemia. Check for individual tolerance.
Basil oil Action: Antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, expectorant, prophylactic, carminative, tonic, stimulates menstruation, lactation and digestion, analgesic, insecticidal. ATTENTION!!! May irritate people with sensitive skin
The "heart" note is the main and characterizing smell, it can be the most diverse: floral, nutmeg, spicy, with a tart woody or leathery note, with the aroma of fruits, the sea, etc. Materials of plant origin are mainly used: rose, jasmine, wild lily.
Anise oil Actions: Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, suppresses pathogenic microflora; restorative; antiemetic; stimulant, gastric, increases lactation, expectorant; carminative, stimulates digestion; helps with childbirth, enhances lactation, stimulates sexual activity (aphrodisiac); insecticidal; cardiotonic; diuretic; laxative; antispasmodic. !!!In large doses, the oil is a drug, slows down blood circulation and can lead to cerebral disorders. Therefore, it is recommended to use it in moderate doses.
Coriander oil Action: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, fungicidal, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, choleretic, healing, improves the functioning of the stomach, blood-purifying; general stimulating; deodorizing ATTENTION!!! May cause irritation.
Limetta oil Action: Antiseptic, bactericidal, regenerating, disinfectant, antipyretic, insecticidal, antiviral, antiscorbutic, astringent, tonic. ATTENTION!!! Limett oil is phototoxic. May irritate sensitive skin.
Sillage is determined by the substances with the lowest evaporation rate, which remain on the skin the longest. Clothes, especially woolen ones, that have been splashed with perfume, can sometimes retain the fragrance of the base note for several months. The materials of the base note have a heavy, cloying or oily-sweet smell - the smell of fragrant sandalwood, cedar, patchouli trees. The smells of moss, oriental spices, musk, fruits, etc. are added to it.
Lime oil Action: Antirheumatic, antiseptic, antiviral, bactericidal, healing, regenerating, tonic, antiseptic, disinfectant, antipyretic; insecticidal, antiviral; antiscorbutic; tightening; tonic. ATTENTION!!! Lime oil is phototoxic. Possible irritation to sensitive skin.
Ginger oil Action: Analgesic, antioxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, resolving, stimulating, bactericidal, carminative, diaphoretic, expectorant, healing, stimulating and tonic. ATTENTION!!! May irritate sensitive skin. Raw materials for perfumery Plant origin - flowers, herbs, moss, wood, fruits, needles, resins; Animal origin; Chemical origin - the most inexpensive and most, in this moment, a necessary option for obtaining aromas, which is used both to create inexpensive toilet waters and in the production of elite perfumes.
Literature Chemistry for the curious. E. Grosse, H. Weissmantel. Entertaining tasks and spectacular experiments in chemistry. B.D. Stepin, A.Yu. Aliuberova. Women's health. N.E. Aristambekova. Aromatherapy. Mark Ivense. 5. Basics of aromatherapy. McGilvery K., Reid D. Aromatherapy. Denis Vicello Brown. Aromatherapy in Pediatrics. N.V. Nagornaya.
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Text content of presentation slides: SMOLENSK REGIONAL STATE BUDGET PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "Vyazemsky Medical College named after E.O. Mukhina" Developed by: teacher of pharmacognosy Sokolova O.P.g. Vyazma 2015 Topic: "Medicinal plant materials containing essential oils used in medical practice" Purpose: to study medicinal plant materials containing essential oils, as well as medicines and dietary supplements based on them, used in medical practice. Tasks: To study the literature on the relevant topic. To study the role of essential oils in the life of a plant and a person. Determine the chemical nature and classification of essential oils. Study plants containing essential oils. Study the use of essential oils in medical practice. ROLE OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN PLANT LIFE ROLE OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN HUMAN LIFE Plant essential oils are complex mixtures of compounds: hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, phenols, aldehydes, acids, etc. The amount of essential oils in plants ranges from traces to 20%. CHEMICAL NATURE OF ESSENTIAL OILS CLASSIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS DEPENDING ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE MONOTERPENOIDS SESQUITERPENOIDS AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ESSENTIAL OIL ROSES Essential oil in rose petals is in the form of glandular spots immediately under the cuticle of the epidermis. Fresh flowers contain - up to 0.04% of essential oil Pharmacological action: antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic. NARROW-LEAVED LAVENDER Fresh inflorescences contain from 0.8 to 3.0% essential oil, while the oil leaves do not exceed 0.3%. The main component of the essential oil of lavender flowers is linalyl acetate (35–50%). The essential oil also contains free linalool (20-35%). Pharmacological action: antiseptic, antispasmodic, sedative. Preparations and dietary supplements with essential oil of peppermint Peppermint leaves contain about 3–5% essential oil. The inflorescences are the richest in essential oil (4-6%). A low content of essential oil (about 0.3%) was noted in the stems. The main components of mint oil is a monocyclic monoterpene - menthol (50–80). -2.5% The fruits contain 19-25% fatty oil, represented mainly by linoleic acid glycerides. Pharmacological action: anti-inflammatory agent with bactericidal, astringent properties. Preparations and dietary supplements with essential oil of sage Fruits contain 3-7% essential oil, 12-22% fatty oil, etc. In addition, protein (10-23%) and tannins were found in them. Localization of essential oils - tubules. The main component essential oil is carvone - 50-60%. The main pharmacological properties of cumin fruit preparations are antispasmodic, choleretic, carminative, increases the secretion of gastric juice, expectorant, lactagon. FRUIT OF CUMIN The rhizome with roots contains up to 2% of essential oil, the main components of which are bornylizovalerianate, free borneol and isovaleric acid (causing a specific smell); in addition, it contains glycosides, alkaloids. They are used as sedatives for nervous excitement, insomnia, neurosis of the cardiovascular system, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. VALERIAN MEDICINAL Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) In the oil contained in the leaves, the main biologically active substance is eucalyptol. Eucalyptus leaves also contain tannins, healing bitterness, resins and phytoncides - substances that have a detrimental effect on a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria. According to the content of phytoncides, eucalyptus is ahead of all deciduous trees and herbaceous essential oil plants. The main properties of eucalyptus: antiseptic properties, increased immunity, food, building, obtaining moisture. Eucalyptus oil has analgesic, antihelminthic, antiseptic and expectorant effects. PREPARATIONS BASED ON EUCALYPTUS CONTAINING ESSENTIAL OILS CONCLUSION 1. Essential oils play an important role in plant life (giving vital energy to a living plant and protecting it). 2. Essential oils play an important role in human life (they have a very wide spectrum of pharmacological action). 3. Essential oils are a concentrated extract based on a medicinal plant, they contain vitamins, hormones, antibiotics, pheromones (invisible but tangible aromatic signals). Before using them, it is necessary to check individual sensitivity. THANKS FOR ATTENTION! LIST OF REFERENCES USED 1. Grinkevich N.I., SAFRONICH L.N. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS. M.: HIGH SCHOOL, 19842. GURINOVICH, L.K. ESSENTIAL OILS: CHEMISTRY, TECHNOLOGY, ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION / L.K. GURINOVICH, T.V. PUCHKOVA. M.: SCHOOL OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS, 2005. 3. KARPUK, V. V.K26 PHARMACOGNOSIA: TEACHING. MANUAL / V.V. KARPUK.-MINSK: BGU, 20114. KURKIN V.A. PHARMACOGNOSY. SAMARA: OOO "OFORT", GOUVPO "SAMGMU", 2004.5. Muravieva D.A., Samylina I.A., Yakovlev G.P. PHARMACOGNOSY. M.: MEDICINE, 20026. HTTP://BIO.WELLNET.ME/PAGE10.PHP
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The presentation on the topic "Essential oils" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Chemistry. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 23 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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History reference
In the IV millennium BC, a person gets acquainted with essential oil plants: sandalwood, myrrh, frankincense. The most versed in the doctrine of herbs were the Egyptians. Incense was used in religious ceremonies, for embalming the dead, for painting tombs, and making ointments. The Egyptians own the tradition of using anise, thuja, onion, garlic, cumin, coriander, grapes. In the pyramids, jars with cosmetics were found, with oil retaining the smell of incense and benzoy. The ancient Greeks borrowed the knowledge of the healing power of plants from the Egyptians. They learned how to obtain plant essences and use them for medical and cosmetic purposes. Greek warriors treated wounds with ointments made from myrrh.
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What is aromatherapy?
Aromas of natural essential oils can have a powerful emotional and mental impact on a person and influence the course of physiological processes in the body. Aromatherapy is the study of such effects - the science of treating and preventing diseases with natural aromatic substances.
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Component composition of essential oils
Essential oils are composed of chemical groups and individual chemical elements. The primary elements responsible for the function of an essential oil are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Oxygen is the main element of essential oil. The components of essential oils are represented by various compounds that can be arranged in the following order according to their bactericidal activity:
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They have bactericidal and stimulating properties, but at the same time they can irritate the skin. The most common essential oil phenols include: eugenol (in clove and laurel), thymol (in thyme), carvacrol (in oregano and savory).
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Aldehydes
The main aldehydes that are present in lemon scented oils are: citral (melissa, lemongrass), neral (lemon verbena, lemon eucalyptus), citronellal (citronella, lemon). Aldehydes have a sedative effect, and citral is also characterized by antiseptic properties.
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Crystalline substance with a mint smell and a pleasant cooling taste. It is an important component of peppermint oil.
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Esters are the most representative group of substances found in essential oils. These include: linaline acetate (present in bergamot, clary sage and lavender) geranyl acetate (present in marjoram). Esters are antifungal and soothing, and often have a fruity aroma.
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Terpenes are volatile, pleasantly smelling liquids. These include: limonene pinene (an antiseptic, found in large quantities in pine oil and resin) As well as camphene, cadinine, caryophyllin, cedrin, dipentine, phellandrine, terpenine, sabinene and myrcine. Some substances related to terpenes have strong anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties.
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An antiviral substance found in 90% citrus oils
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Antiseptic, found in large quantities in pine oil and resin
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Essential oil ketones include: thujone (in wormwood, tansy and Chernobyl) pulgon (in marsh mint and buchu) Ketones are usually toxic components of essential oils. But not all of them are dangerous Non-toxic ketones are found in jasmine and fennel oil. Ketones relieve congestion, accelerate the circulation of mucus.
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The most important oxide is cineole (or eucalyptol), which is present in eucalyptus oil. Has expectorant properties. It was also found in rosemary, tea tree and cajeput oils.
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Physical properties
In most cases, these are colorless or yellowish transparent liquids, but there are also colored ones (chamomile oil is blue) t kip \u003d 160-240C, t crystallization - from +17 to -30 C. Significant volatility is characteristic of essential oils. They are practically insoluble in water, but highly soluble in fats, vegetable oils, ether, high concentration alcohol, and are miscible in all proportions with fats and fatty oils. Due to their properties and chemical nature, essential oils volatilize at normal temperatures and do not leave stains on fabrics, paper, but slight staining is possible if the essential oil has a color.
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Application
cooking gives dough products a better smell ennobles not very good wine enhances the taste cosmetology enhances the effect of the cream gives shampoo specific properties relieves stress cares for the skin medicine: used in dentistry has an analgesic effect increases the body's resistance dissolves gallbladder and kidney stones eliminates brittle nails eliminates nervous overexcitation relieves heartburn attacks whitens and smoothes the skin
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The medicine
Orange ("golden apple") The largest amount of essential oil is found in the peel of the fruit. Aroma - light, warm-sweet Application: Improves mood, eliminates depression, fears, relieves nervous tension. Increases the body's resistance to infections, exhibits a bactericidal and antiseptic effect. Improves blood circulation Helps to remove age spots Helps to rejuvenate the skin of the hands Increases skin elasticity, means for a quick and bright tan. !!!Contraindications: Individual intolerance to citrus fruits. Orange oil should not be applied before sun exposure.
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Lemons were understood to be aromatic, but low-juicy citrons, which were considered biblical apples or. Today, the citron has some cult significance in the Jewish religion. The aroma is cold, fresh, bitter. Application: - tones the autonomic nervous system, an effective remedy against vegetovascular dystonia - whitens and smoothes the skin, eliminates brittle nails. - normalizes metabolism - gives a feeling of freshness to the skin!!! Contraindications: The use of lemon essential oil externally is not compatible with sunbathing, as it can cause skin irritation; individual intolerance to citrus fruits. Do not use in case of hypotension. oils
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The healing properties of mint were used 3000 years ago in ancient Egypt. Later, this plant began to be cultivated in Japan and China. In Rome, it was believed that the minty smell uplifts the mood and contributes to a lively table conversation. Peppermint essential oil is the beauty oil. Application: -increases the amount of short-term memory -relieves fatigue and headache. - smoothes the skin of the hands - whitens the skin of the hands - normalizes the fat metabolism of the skin. !!!Contraindications Do not use during the course of homeopathic treatment. Be careful during pregnancy.
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A very valuable essential oil. In ancient Egypt, the inhabitants used it as an antibacterial agent. Aroma: sharp, fresh Application: -rejuvenates the skin -promotes the disappearance of age spots -normalizes metabolism -regulates blood circulation!!!Contraindications: individual intolerance, not recommended for children under three years of age, do not use during pregnancy .
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Receipt
Spin. This method produces only oils from citrus fruits - grapefruit, lemon, orange, lime and bergamot. In the "sponge" process, the skin of the fruit is immersed in water and squeezed by hand through a sponge, which absorbs the oil and releases it when squeezed again. Distillation. The main method of extracting essential oils is steam distillation: a jet of steam is passed through the raw material heated in the distillation cube. Solvent extraction. There are two main variants of the extraction method. First: oils are extracted with low-boiling solvents (alcohol, chloroform, ether or petroleum ether). Second: heated oil or fat (odorless vegetable oil, lard or a mixture of lard and beef tallow) is used. Enfleurage This is a contact fat extraction process. Essential oils evaporating from the flowers are absorbed by beef or pork fat, followed by solvent extraction. In this way, jasmine, mignonette, rose and tuberose oils are obtained, which are used in perfumery. Countercurrent extraction is used to extract terpene-free oils, using two immiscible solvents - non-polar (mineral oil or liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons) and polar (ethyl or methyl alcohol).
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Grandma's recipes
Dental care Add 3 drops of tea tree oil to a glass of water and rinse your mouth with this composition every evening. It also cleans the oral mucosa well - removes plaque, gives freshness to breath. Plantar fungus To reduce itching and fight infection, the following composition is used: Rubbing: To 50 ml of pure ethyl alcohol add: 10 drops of tea tree, 5 drops of lavender. Stress Bath: Add 3 drops of lavender to a full bath. Massage oil: Mix the following essential oils with 100 ml of vegetable oil: 15 drops of lavender, 10 drops of bergamot, 5 drops of rosemary.
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Fatigue Tonic bath: Since essential oils are insoluble in water, it is recommended to first dilute them with alcohol, honey or milk. In a full bath, add the following essential oils: 3 drops of geranium, 3 drops of rosemary. Cough With dry cough: Inhalation - Japanese mint 1 drop + eucalyptus 1 drop per 1 liter of hot, but not boiling water. Inhalations for 10 minutes, with closed eyes, once a day. Breathe through your mouth. Chest and neck massage at night - tea tree 1 drop + eucalyptus 2 drops + lavender 2 drops per 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil. With a wet cough with sputum: Inhalation - tea tree 1 drop + eucalyptus 1 drop per 1 liter of hot, but not boiling water. Inhalations for 10 minutes, with closed eyes, once a day. Breathe through your mouth. Chest and neck massage at night - tea tree 1 drop + eucalyptus 2 drops + lavender 2 drops per 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil.