Spassky Igor Dmitrievich Curriculum vitae Igor Spassky submarine designer film

06.03.2022

Of the thousand "secret ships" built in Russia over 110 years of submarine shipbuilding, at least 840 were built according to the designs of the Rubin Design Bureau. And 260 of them are associated with the name of Academician Igor Spassky.

His life - as an engineer, scientist, head of a large design bureau - is inseparable from the city on the Neva, where he is now an Honorary Citizen. But Igor Spassky was born not at all in St. Petersburg, but in Noginsk near Moscow - on August 2, 1926, when this city itself was called Bogorodsk. Many years later, Academician Vladimir Fortov, the current president of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was surprised to find that he himself and the future designer of nuclear submarines were born in the same Glukhov maternity hospital. Only twenty years apart.

In 1928, the Spassky family, where two sons and a daughter grew up, moved from Bogorodsk to the Kuchino station - 20 km from Moscow. In the early 30s, when Igor was barely six years old, his father moved them to Moscow - they settled on Kirpichnaya Street in the Izmailovo district. Preobrazhenskoye, Semenovskoye, Lefortovo are also here. Places where Peter the Great, the creator of the Russian Empire and its navy, grew up and matured.

As you now understand, there are no coincidences. And Academician Spassky himself said about it this way: “A huge number of factors influence the formation of a person in childhood, when character is laid down. But the main thing is not where you were born, but in what conditions you grew up, how your parents raised you, how you On Kirpichnaya Street, such a habitat for us was a family, a yard, a street and a school ... We then lived in the yard in its classical design. "

Igor Spassky always insisted: you need to calculate the future. Thanks to this, ships of the fourth generation are being built today and work is underway on the next stage. A photo: from personal archive

It was from there, from Kirpichnaya Street, that Igor Spassky, a seventh-grade graduate of school No. 445 in the Stalinsky district, took the documents to the newly created and only in Moscow Special Naval School of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR. At the bottom of his statement was an inscription: "We join the son's request. Dmitry Spassky, Claudia Spasskaya, 1/VI-41." . And from above, after careful checks, a medical examination and a competition of assessments, a resolution appeared "Enlisted. 20/VI-41."

Two days before the start of the war. This school, despite all the losses and vicissitudes of military hard times, Igor finished. And he became a cadet of the Higher Naval Engineering School. Dzerzhinsky, who was evacuated to Baku. In July 1944 they returned to Leningrad.

And then, after the Victory, the first practices on warships. After the third year, Igor Spassky trained on the cruiser "Admiral Makarov". In the summer of 1949, having already become an officer, he was assigned to the Frunze cruiser of the Black Sea Fleet. There, being on duty on duty, he will meet Admiral Gorshkov for the first time and will report to him on the situation.

The service on the ship for engineer-lieutenant Spassky turned out to be short-lived. At the very beginning of the 50th, he was first summoned by order to Moscow, to the personnel department of the Naval People's Commissariat, and from there, as part of a specially selected group of recent graduates, he was seconded to Leningrad to work in the SKB-143 design bureau. The one that, after several reorganizations, became the current Central Design Bureau of MT Rubin.

Direct speech

Igor Vilnit, General Director - General Designer of the Central Design Bureau MT "RUBIN":

I came to work at the Rubin Central Design Bureau in 1979, when Igor Dmitrievich was already the head of the enterprise. Even before I began to interact directly with him, my personal impression of Spassky as a director was that of an outstanding, extremely purposeful and extremely effective leader. This was not only mine, but also the general feeling in the bureau, completely sincere.

My first working interaction with Igor Dmitrievich was not connected with the design of submarines, but with civilian topics. Platform "Prirazlomnaya" and high-speed train "Sokol". I was working on designing the body of the "Falcon" and one day I came with colleagues for a report to Igor Dmitrievich. He began to tell how our technical proposal would be better than foreign analogues. The director listened attentively, and then asked: how long will it take to put this technology into production? He meant that the industry was not ready, it would be necessary to create a new production under our proposals. Did you understand my question? So that tomorrow they bring the same thing, but made from components that are produced in Russia today. That is, Igor Dmitrievich always saw the essence of the problem and the only possible ways to solve it. There was not a single document that Igor Dmitrievich would simply wave, mechanically. He always delved into the depth of the process and required comprehensive justifications before our bureau offered any project to the customer.

Academician Igor Spassky and the current general director of Rubin Igor Vilnit at the Naval Show in St. Petersburg. June 2015 A photo: Press service of the Central Design Bureau "Rubin".

He is a tough leader. If you bring him a project, the project must be calculated in detail and substantiated to the smallest detail. Igor Dmitrievich always insisted that we calculate the future and be constantly aware of the best Russian and foreign design achievements. Thanks to this, ships of the fourth generation are being built today and work is underway on the next stage.

When the "Kursk" died and "Rubin" was given the task of raising the ship as soon as possible, I dealt with the technical means of lifting, providing, and hull problems. The main task was to minimize the means of lifting and, accordingly, the cost of the work. And at the final moment, when the director was presented with a document indicating the number of lifting points, Igor Dmitrievich suggested some adjustment. It seemed risky to me, I objected, of course, with justifications. But Spassky made his decision. However, after some time, Igor Dmitrievich himself called me on the phone: "You know, you convinced me, leave it as it is." Subsequently, I was convinced more than once that Igor Dmitrievich was ready to quickly change his position for the sake of a correct decision, if I saw that a different point of view was justified.

In the 90s, thanks to Igor Dmitrievich, "Rubin" began to work on civilian topics. This means that he made us think more broadly. Yes, a submarine is a very complex technical tool, but the ability to solve various problems in both the military and civilian segments allows you to bring something new, unconventional to both of these segments. It is this understanding of both military and civilian issues that allows Rubin to remain at the forefront in many areas.

How it was

K-278: cannot be lifted left

We met Igor Dmitrievich Spassky a quarter of a century ago, when the unique deep-sea submarine "Komsomolets" perished in the Norwegian Sea. It was designed at the Rubin design bureau, which was headed by academician Spassky, and there, at Rubin, options for lifting it were being prepared. But such a project, alas, was not realized in its original plan. What prevented this and why, in a frank conversation, Igor Dmitrievich himself told, who kept under personal control the work of his design bureau in this direction. The topic, of course, is not an anniversary one, but in all respects it is important and has not left the agenda.

In December 1989, by a special decision of the government, "Rubin" was given the rights of the parent organization for ship lifting. A lot of time has passed. Then the number one was "Komsomolets" - and now?

Igor Spassky: When the lifting agreement was concluded with the Dutch consortium, specially organized for this project, we proceeded from the fact that the submarine was absolutely intact. But the expeditions of 1991 and especially 1992 on the ship of the Academy of Sciences "Mstislav Keldysh", a detailed survey of the sunken ship using deep-sea manned vehicles "Mir", photographs and television showed that there was serious damage in the strong hull. Cracks and deformations in the bow go from the first to the third compartment. Most likely, this is the result of an explosion of gases from the battery pit, which was destroyed after the dive, and, apparently, the detonation of one or two warheads of conventional torpedoes lying on the rack. The explosion created a high-intensity shock wave, which not only damaged the strong hull, but also tore off the fastening of many mechanisms. In particular, an indicative fact was found in the felling fence: the compass repeater pedestal seems to be in its regular place, but the fastening bolts are cut off like a knife. This confirms that a shock wave of a short impulse, but very high energy, passed along the strong body ...

I have heard other versions about the origin of these destructions...

Igor Spassky: We are also asked questions: where did they come from? After all, they were not found immediately after the accident, when the "Worlds" examined the dead boat for the first time. They speculate: maybe it was someone later, deliberately, to cover their tracks. They are even trying to determine WHO ... I completely rule out such a possibility - the operation is too technically complicated.

And why, exactly? Suppose one of our rivals mastered the method of non-contact detonation of ammunition and decided to test it on one of the Komsomolets torpedoes ...

Igor Spassky: By placing explosives there first?

What for? The whole point is to initiate an explosion, say, on an enemy boat, without getting on board, but remotely ...

Igor Spassky: Well, you know ... If you follow your logic, you should have started with a nuclear torpedo. But who, what forces are interested in this? I don't find them. And I absolutely exclude any suspicions in this regard.

It was reported that the operators of the "Mir" during one of the dives managed to find and raise the clock, which was on the outside of the boat. Where did they come from?

Igor Spassky: I think this is a direct consequence of a gas explosion: a huge piece of a strong hull was torn out in the upper part of the first compartment.

I wouldn't leave any submarine at the bottom, whether it spews dirt or not.

Surprisingly, this was not discovered during dives back in 1989. New information dramatically change the overall situation?

Igor Spassky: Yes. We were forced to revise the initial data and admit that the initial version of the rise is not suitable. The lifting device itself, proposed by the Dutch, did not provide for grips throughout the "body" of the boat, they were concentrated in its middle part, and the real state of the strong hull, as it turned out, requires the greatest insurance of the bow compartments when lifting, first of all - torpedo. Otherwise, when lifting, the damaged nasal tip under its own weight may break off. Of course, we took an extreme case - and we had to do it, how else? The project immediately needed to be adjusted in order to distribute the grips throughout the hull and lift the boat like in a cradle. This dramatically increased the total weight of the submersible structure, required more powerful floating cranes, and so on.

Can we technically implement such a project?

Igor Spassky: I guess, yes. But its cost rises sharply.

And how do the reactor and nuclear torpedoes behave? Does their condition give you time to choose options?

Igor Spassky: The radiation situation in the "Komsomolets" area today is quite well studied, and there is a forecast of its change in the coming years. I must say that solid science was involved in this work. The military worked hand in hand with civilian specialists. The integral estimate is reduced to the following. The state of the reactor does not cause serious concern today, the release of radioactivity from it is recorded only at the level of microdoses, and over time this process should not accelerate. On the contrary, as observations show, holes through which cesium-137 leaks begin to grow with microorganisms, which is natural in the marine environment. In addition, in this place of the sea and at this depth there is a rather strong current - everything is instantly mixed up.

Mix or dilute - it doesn't really change anything. So... local anesthetic.

Igor Spassky: I do not argue. But in comparison, two torpedoes with nuclear charges containing plutonium pose a much greater danger today. Corrosion processes have not yet reached the core, as they say. But they are developing very rapidly - both inside torpedo tubes and actually on torpedoes, which are made mainly of aluminum alloys. And around after all titan! Therefore, an active electrochemical reaction takes place. The two upper apparatuses, where torpedoes with nuclear charges are located, are ajar.

It can be seen in the photo...

Igor Spassky: Even more clearly - on the videotape, which we managed to get. The covers of other torpedo tubes are open or completely torn off (probably under the influence of an explosion), but they bother us less ... In a word, the environment in which the special ammunition is located is connected to the outboard space. According to the general assessment, in two years the destruction of the shell in which the plutonium is located will begin.

What does it threaten?

Igor Spassky: Plutonium does not dissolve in sea water. And if it begins to emerge, it will settle on a relatively small area of the seabed. It was believed that in this place there are neither fish nor plankton, but our surveys showed that there is. More than 20 representatives of the marine fauna - fish, mollusks, crustaceans - were counted by ichthyologists. Therefore, some part of the plutonium microparticles will be transferred both to the upper layers of the sea and to coastal waters. Compared to hundreds of kilograms of plutonium that settled in the ocean after nuclear explosions, these are, of course, meager amounts, but one cannot ignore them.

If only because it is an area of active fishing...

Igor Spassky: You're right. And the fishermen in Norway are most concerned. Their competitors in the European market deliberately began to spread rumors that the fish from the Norwegian Sea was "contaminated with radiation" and should not be bought. This could seriously hit the economic interests of our neighbors.

Therefore, the Norwegian government began to demand from the leadership of the USSR, and then from the Russian authorities, an answer: what are you going to do with Komsomolets? Initially, there was a plan for lifting. And now?

Igor Spassky: We have not abandoned lifting as a cardinal solution to the problem. I wouldn't leave things like that at the bottom. Not a single submarine, whether it spews dirt or not. But this, apparently, is the prospect of tomorrow. In the meantime, we have come up with a proposal to solve the problem of the bow, where the nuclear charges are located. We discussed this in great detail with both the Norwegians and partners from Holland.

Are the Dutch still your partners? But after all, their lifting project was not realized, and they probably incurred large costs?

Igor Spassky: Why? For the design part, we paid them in full, but it didn’t get to the iron ...

Is there a large amount of penalty?

Igor Spassky: Under the contract, we paid them about six or seven million dollars.

And how was the whole lifting project evaluated?

Igor Spassky: The entire project was about $220 million. But, I repeat, we are forced to abandon it. Instead, a proposal was considered to cut off part of the hull along with the torpedoes and raise it. The place of safe "surgical dismemberment" has also been determined - along the instrument compartment of the torpedoes. The torpedo tubes themselves must first be sealed. This operation is extremely complicated: at great depths, by robots, remotely ... It is supposed to pack the cut-off torpedo tubes with torpedo warheads in special containers there, under water, and only then raise them to the surface for subsequent shipment for disposal or disposal.

The figure captures the moment of research of the sunken K-278 with the help of the Mir deep-sea submersible. A photo: RIA News

Was there another option?

Igor Spassky: Yes. It is also not easy, but it is still easier to implement. It was proposed to lower a protective casing onto the bow of the submarine and with its help, without lifting anything to the surface, to prevent the danger of radioactive contamination.

Sarcophagus underwater?

Igor Spassky: Not exactly a sarcophagus, but it looks like it. It was only necessary to cover the bow compartments - up to the felling fence. This is a rather voluminous structure, and it will not be easy to lower it to the right point - both the weight is appropriate and the windage. But the Dutch found some original solutions. Silt will be washed into the free space between the casing and the hull of the boat, as well as into the destroyed first compartment with special pumps. It will become a barrier to the migration of radionuclides ...

Somewhere in the middle of our dialogue, I asked Academician Spassky a question out of place: "If the Soviet Union hadn't collapsed and the levers of directive had been preserved in the economy, could the boat have already been lifted?" Igor Dmitrievich answered evasively, in the sense that, in any case, this issue had not left the agenda.

Alas! Over the past two decades, some key figures have left the scene, others have appeared. However, the place for a comma in the sacramental phrase about the fate of the lost ship has not yet been determined. Although a lot has been said about cleaning up the Arctic seas in recent years.

Head and General Designer of the Central Design Bureau of Marine Engineering "Rubin".

Born in 1926 in the city of Noginsk, Moscow Region, in the family of an employee.

After graduating in 1949 from the steam power department of the Higher Naval Engineering School named after. F.E. Dzerzhinsky and short-term service on the Frunze cruiser under construction, engineer-lieutenant I.D. Spassky is sent to work in the shipbuilding industry to participate in the creation of submarines.

In 1956, having passed all the steps of the design ranks, he became deputy chief designer of a nuclear submarine, in 1968 he was appointed chief engineer, since 1974 he has been head of the Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering, first as chief designer, and since 1983 g. - general designer.

The fundamental contribution of I.D. Spassky in the creation of the naval component of the nuclear missile potential of Russia, based on submarines of the Navy, is widely known. He developed a number of fundamental principles that ensure both high efficiency and safety of operation of submarines and their nuclear power plants; the optimal amount of submarine control automation was determined; Fundamentally new technological methods for the construction of submarines have been developed, significantly reducing the time and cost of their construction and significantly increasing their combat characteristics. Contribution of I.D. Spassky in science and technology was realized in the construction of more than two hundred submarines, including the creation of a whole family of the most quiet and highly efficient diesel-electric submarines, which have won the highest reputation in the world market.

I.D. Spassky - candidate of technical sciences (1973), doctor of technical sciences (1978), professor (1984), corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the specialty "Mechanics and control processes" (1984), full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1987).

In 1996, I.D. Spassky was awarded the title of "Person of the Year" among the leaders of the military-industrial complex of Russia.

I.D. Spassky skillfully combines scientific-organizational and social work. He is a member of the Scientific Council on Shipbuilding Problems of the ICC RAS, Chairman of the Dissertation Council at the Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin", Deputy Chairman of the Scientific Council on Wave Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, member of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for State Prizes in Science and Technology, member of the Commission of the Security Council of the Russian Federation .

I.D. Spassky was repeatedly elected a deputy and a member of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Council, worked in the commission on culture. He was a people's deputy of the USSR.

The contribution of I.D. Spassky in the social and cultural life of the city and region. Under the leadership of I.D. Spassky, the city's first international business center "Neptun" with a high-class hotel and a restaurant is successfully operating. With his active participation, the reconstruction of the museum-apartment of A.S. Pushkin and the Literary Cafe, restaurants "Tandur", "Pietari", "Galeo" were opened, a historical building in the center of St. Petersburg was reconstructed and a modern international business center "Atrium on Nevsky 25" was created on its basis.

Being the head of the Board of Trustees of the Monuments of the Russian Navy Foundation, I.D. Spassky did a great job of organizing the creation and opening of the monument "Glory to the Russian Fleet" in St. Petersburg on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Russian Fleet.

Headed by I.D. Spassky Central Clinical Hospital MT "Rubin" regularly provides charitable assistance to institutions of medicine, culture, education, sports and the Orthodox Church. Funds were transferred to the Church of John the Baptist (Staraya Ladoga), St. Nicholas Cathedral of the Epiphany. Assistance is constantly provided to the Psycho-Neurological Children's Home No. 3, the Neurosurgical Institute. A.L. Polenov, Pedagogical Gymnasium No. 227, Children's and Youth School of the Olympic Reserve, etc.

Great organizational and financial support was provided to the Russian Museum in the preparation and holding of its 100th anniversary.

Thirty-year term of leadership of the team of the Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin" I.D. Spassky was marked not only by a significant increase in the scientific and technical potential of the bureau, but also by a significant expansion of the range of its activities. New works, such as the creation of high-speed trains, ice-resistant oil and gas platforms, etc., have created the basis for a wide front of conversion work.

Recognition of scientific and industrial merits of I.D. Spassky was awarded the Lenin Prize (1965), the State Prize of the USSR (1983), and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor (1978). He was awarded four orders and many medals for the performance of state assignments.

Public activities of I.D. Spassky was awarded the Order of the Blessed Prince Daniel of Moscow, which was presented to him by Metropolitan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Ladoga.

Igor Dmitrievich is married. Has a son, daughter and granddaughter. He has been living in St. Petersburg since 1944. His wife, Lyudmila Petrovna, was a native of St. Petersburg; she spent the entire period of the blockade in Leningrad.

Igor Spassky photography

In 1996, I.D. Spassky was awarded the title of "Person of the Year" among the leaders of the military-industrial complex of Russia.

I.D. Spassky was repeatedly elected a deputy and a member of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Council, worked in the commission on culture. He was a people's deputy of the USSR.

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Great organizational and financial support was provided to the Russian Museum in the preparation and holding of its 100th anniversary.

Public activities of I.D. Spassky was awarded the Order of the Blessed Prince Daniel of Moscow, which was presented to him by Metropolitan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Ladoga.

Since 1953, the activities of Igor Spassky have been inextricably linked with TsKB-18 (now TsKB MT "Rubin"). Participating in the work on the creation of nuclear submarine missile carriers of the first and second generations, he went through all the stages of design positions from designer to chief engineer of the design bureau.

In 1974, Spassky headed the Rubin Central Design Bureau, first as chief, and since 1983 as general designer of the enterprise.

Spassky developed a number of fundamental technical directions that ensure the efficiency and safety of the operation of submarines and their nuclear power plants. Spassky's contribution to science and technology was realized in the construction of almost 200 nuclear and diesel-electric submarines of various projects.

At one time, Spassky's position determined the retention of diesel-electric submarines in the Navy and the creation of a whole family of low-noise and highly efficient diesel-electric submarines, which are in stable demand on the world arms market.

Under the leadership of Spassky, the highly specialized design bureau turned into a modern diversified enterprise. Under him, the Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin" began to design marine equipment for the development of the shelf.

Since 2007, Spassky has moved away from administrative work and focused on the problems of creating advanced naval technology. At present, Academician Spassky is the scientific supervisor of works on special topics of OJSC "TsKB MT" Rubin ".

Doctor of Technical Sciences (1978), Professor (1984), in 1987 Igor Spassky became a full member of the Academy of Sciences (AN USSR - RAS).

Spassky's activities are inextricably linked with St. Petersburg. With his direct participation:

The museum-apartment of A.S. Pushkin and the Literary Cafe (Wolf and Beranger) were recreated,
- a major overhaul of the Nikolo-Bogoyavlensky Naval Cathedral was completed,
- the restoration of the church of St. Basil the Great in Lodeynoye Pole and the church of John the Baptist of the XII century in Staraya Ladoga was carried out,
- modern high-class international business centers were created on Nevsky Prospekt and Obvodny Canal; the first oceanarium in Russia.

Petersburg was decorated with the museum-monument "Submarine "D-2" - a branch of the TsVMM, the monuments "Glory to the Russian Navy", "From the Dolphin" to the "Typhoon", the development of projects and the creation of which was led by Spassky. On his initiative, constant targeted assistance is provided to a number of cultural centers, children's, medical and sports institutions. Academician Igor Spassky, a member of the Public Council of the city, was awarded the highest recognition of Petersburgers - the title of "Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg" (2002).

Spassky's activity was marked by the award of the Lenin Prize (1965), the State Prize of the USSR (1983), the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2007), and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor (1978). He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, "For Merit to the Fatherland" II degree, "Badge of Honor", medals, numerous orders and the highest signs of various industry and public organizations, the Russian Orthodox Church.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Igor Dmitrievich Spassky(born August 2, 1926, Noginsk) - Soviet and Russian scientist, engineer, entrepreneur, general designer of about 200 Soviet and Russian submarines and former head of the Rubin Central Design Bureau.

Biography

the USSR

Rubin's other major project was Sea Launch, a floating spaceport built from a converted oil platform. Since the spaceport is located in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, where there are optimal conditions for launching launch vehicles (you can use the inertia of the Earth's rotation as efficiently as possible), launches from it are almost ten times cheaper than those offered by NASA. Spassky was the chief designer of the marine part of the project.

In addition, Spassky led such exotic projects as the construction of a cargo submarine for year-round operations in the Arctic Ocean and an ice-resistant offshore platform to extract oil from the ocean shelf, as well as more modest projects such as modernizing city trams. He also became the general director of a consortium (it includes the Rubin Central Design Bureau, Admiralty Shipyards and several other shipbuilding enterprises) building non-nuclear submarines for the Russian Navy (for example, diesel-electric submarines of project 677 Lada) and for export - for India, Poland and some other countries (for example, the Amur or Sadko submarines - the so-called "tourist submarines").

The governor of St. Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak, jokingly called Spassky the "Hero of Capitalist Labor", referring to the success of Rubin in a market economy.

Part of the proceeds Spassky spent on charity: the reconstruction of the Nikolo-Epiphany Cathedral in St. Petersburg and the Church of St. John the Baptist in Staraya Ladoga, the construction of a monument to the 300th anniversary of the Russian fleet, the celebration of the centenary of the Russian Museum and many other projects. For his philanthropic activities, the Russian Orthodox Church awarded him "the Order of the Holy Right-Believing Prince Daniel of Moscow".

Nuclear submarine "Kursk"

Spassky was the head of the Rubin Central Design Bureau that developed the Kursk nuclear submarine, the last Antey-class submarine to enter service with the Russian Navy. On August 12, 2000, a torpedo exploded on board the submarine, and it sank. Most of the crew died during the explosion, but some sailors survived and lived for several more days in the ninth, aft compartment of the ship. Rescue efforts, slowed down by bureaucratic delays, failed. By the time the rescuers reached the compartment, the sailors were long dead.

During the rescue operation, Spassky was a consultant, and some journalists claim that it was he who was responsible for the ineffective actions of military rescuers in the first days after the explosion. The press also accused the Rubin Central Design Bureau of design flaws that led to the death of the crew. Some journalists, such as Elena Milashina from Novaya Gazeta, wondered why most of the accidents on Russian nuclear submarines in recent years have occurred on submarines designed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau. In an open letter to Novaya Gazeta, the company's vice president Alexander Zavalishin and the general designer of nuclear submarines, Igor Baranov, replied that no ship could withstand the simultaneous detonation of torpedoes, each of which is designed to destroy warships, and the Kursk was no exception. They also noted that more than three-quarters of Russian nuclear submarines are designed by Rubin, and if you take the percentage, it does not reflect the special accident rate of their submarines. Investigators who examined the Kursk disaster said that the automatic shutdown system of the nuclear reactor worked perfectly and saved the Barents Sea from a nuclear catastrophe.

When plans were announced to raise the submarine from the ground, more than 500 proposals for their implementation were received. The government chose the Rubin bureau's plan. The destroyed and whole parts of the submarine were separated, after which the whole part was raised to the surface and towed to a repair shipyard in Roslyakovo (a village near Severomorsk); Spassky supervised the work of cutting and raising the boat, another international team was engaged in towing and docking.

Awards and titles

Notes

Links

Spassky, Igor Dmitrievich on the site "Heroes of the country"

Heroes of Socialist Labor